Awareness Of Use Research Articles

A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Adolescent Vaping Capture and Provider Awareness of Use

A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Adolescent Vaping Capture and Provider Awareness of Use

지체장애 학생을 위한 메타버스의 교육적 활용에 대한 인식 분석과 사용성 향상 방안

Objectives This study analyzed special teachers and developers' awareness of the use of Metaverse by students with physical disabilities, improved usability, and support measures.
 Methods A special education teacher with at least 3 years of experience using the Metaverse and a developer with 10 years or more of development experience were deliberately sampled and in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 interview participants. Interview data were analyzed using continuous comparative analysis.
 Results 3 core themes and 8 sub-topics for awareness of the educational use of the Metaverse for students with physical disabilities, improvement in usability and support measures were found. The key contents were 1) Metaverse like both sides of the coin, 2) usability of the Metaverse and meaningful participation of students with physical disabilities, and 3) support measures for students with physical disabilities to expand their experiences. According to the research participants, in order to have a meaningful experience in the Metaverse, students with physical disabilities must have positive experiences, multi-sensory interactions must be developed, and the ability to recognize avatars must be considered in order to participate meaningfully. In addition, it was said that a strategy supporting interaction between users needs to be applied. Finally, it was found that the development of contents related to subjects and daily life, the development of health management related services, and digital ethics education must be preceded.
 Conclusions Based on these results, discussions were conducted focusing on the awareness of the educational use of the Metaverse, how to improve the usability of the Metaverse for students with physical disabilities, how to develop the Metaverse, and how to educate digital ethics.

"I can't escape my scars, even if I do get better": A qualitative exploration of how adolescents talk about their self-harm and self-harm scars during cognitive behavioural therapy for depression.

Emerging evidence indicates that perceptions of self-harm behaviours and self-harm scars may thwart recovery from depression, yet limited research has explored adolescent accounts of their self-harm and scars during therapy. This study sought to explore how adolescents describe their self-harm behaviours and scars during Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and explore the sociocultural discourses that may influence these descriptions. The participants were six female adolescents (aged 14-17years old) with clinical depression, who were engaging in self-harm. All participants accessed CBT as part of clinical trial evaluating three psychological treatments for major depressive disorder in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Audio-taped CBT sessions were analyzed using discourse analysis. Within CBT sessions, adolescents drew upon stigma discourses in talking about their self-harm. Adolescent also described their self-harm scars as shameful and stigmatizing, and as "proof" of the legitimacy of their depression. It is important for CBT practitioners to understand the context of sociocultural discourses around self-harm behaviours and self-harm scars, which are reflected in how adolescents with depression describe these within therapy and may serve to maintain distress. The study indicates that awareness of use of language and intersecting sociocultural discourses can inform CBT practice.

Stone mining work and dust pollution in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India.

Dust pollution is common in Indian roads and several industrial settings (including mines) that affects human health. Identification and characterization of the dust particles in the mining area is essential for knowing the properties of the dust that effectively causes ailments to humans, particularly among workers those who are working in unorganized industrial settings. The present study aimed to determine the level of dust pollution and to know the size and characterize the dust particles in the Pachami-Hatgacha stone mine areas of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Dust samples were collected and analysed for Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to determine the size and shape of the particles, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the free silica content, and X-ray Florence (XRF) analysis for quantitative estimation of components in the sample. All the analyses were done following standard instrumentation and techniques. The size of the dust particles was much less (ranges 101-298nm) than the size of respirable particles (2500nm). Those were mostly generated as well as precipitated during peak working hours of the day. Presence of considerable amounts of silica was confirmed by the FT-IR (strong and broad band at 1000cm-1) and XRF analysis (76.85% SiO2). Exposure to these dust particles may cause severe health impairments. Therefore, interventions like wet drilling and blasting, sprinkling of water during peak working hours, and awareness of use of personal protective devices among workers are required to reduce the risk and hazards associated with dust pollution to the health of miners and inhabitants around the mines.

Intake and biomarkers of folate and folic acid as determinants of chemotherapy-induced toxicities in patients with colorectal cancer: a cohort study

BackgroundCapecitabine is an oral chemotherapeutic drug showing antitumor activity through inhibition of thymidylate synthase, an enzyme involved in folate metabolism. There are concerns about the high intake of certain vitamins, and specifically folate, during chemotherapy with capecitabine. Whether folate or folic acid, the synthetic variant of the vitamin, impact treatment toxicity remains unclear. ObjectiveWe studied associations between intake and biomarkers of folate as well as folic acid and toxicities in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving capecitabine. MethodsWithin the prospective COLON (Colorectal cancer: Longitudinal, Observational study on Nutritional and lifestyle factors that influence recurrence, survival, and quality of life) cohort, 290 patients with stage II to III CRC receiving capecitabine were identified. Dietary and supplemental intake of folate and folic acid were assessed at diagnosis and during chemotherapy using questionnaires (available for 280 patients). Plasma folate and folic acid levels were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were available for 212 patients. Toxicities were defined as toxicity-related modifications of treatment, including dose reductions, regimen switches, and early discontinuation. Associations of intake and biomarkers of folate and folic acid with toxicities were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age and sex. ResultsIn total, 153 (53%) patients experienced toxicities leading to modification of capecitabine treatment. Folate intake and plasma folate levels were not associated with risk of toxicities. However, use of folic acid-containing supplements during treatment (hazard ratio (HR) 1.81 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.85) and presence of folic acid in plasma at diagnosis (HR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.52) and during treatment (HR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.13) were associated with an increased risk of toxicities. ConclusionsThis study suggests a potential association between folic acid and capecitabine-induced toxicities, providing a rationale to study diet-drug interactions and raise further awareness of the use of dietary supplements during oncological treatment. Clinical trial detailsThis trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03191110.

Nigeria’s Electoral Integrity and Bimodal Voter Accreditation System: An Assessment of Public Opinion and Voting Behavior

In the pursuit to enhance public electoral participation, lately the electoral body introduced the adoption of a twin-technology i.e. Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Election Result Viewing Portal (IReV), in subsequent elections. The efficacy of the twin-technology has raised a lot of apprehensions. Thus, it is against this backdrop this study assessed the public opinions and voting behaviours as regarding the worthiness and integrity of new Electoral Act with reference to INEC adoption of BVAS and IReV in Nigeria subsequent elections. The study adopted a survey research design, where data were primarily sourced from randomly sampled 400 Abuja municipal residents using questionnaires. Specifically, the study utilized descriptive analysis methods these include frequencies, percentages, charts and word-cloud in analyzing respondents views as regard awareness of the use of BVAS and IReV in Nigeria elections. It also employed the Fisher’s Exact Test to assess effects of the twin-technology awareness and its adoption on the public confidence in electoral process vis-à-vis their voting behaviour. The empirical findings from the descriptive analysis of the respondents revealed that there is great level of awareness among the public as regard the use of BVAS and IReV in subsequent elections in the country. Also, the study showed that respondents were full of praises for the innovation of the technology in Nigeria elections. Moreover, the Fisher’s Exact results showed that public awareness of use of BVAS and IReV positively influenced the public PVC collection rate. Howbeit, it revealed that public awareness of use of BVAS and IReV positively influenced voters’ turnout in subsequent General Election, if and only if electoral misconducts can be downcast. Thus, the study recommended that INEC could ensure full implementation and deployment of BVAS and IReV technology in coming (subsequent) elections. Also, INEC with NBA collaboration could ensure all electoral misconducts perpetrators are brought to justice as this would downcast electoral misconducts in the country and thereby enhancing voters’ turnout.

Awareness Of Use Of GLP-1 Agonists In The Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus In Pakistan.

Madam, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. A quarter of Pakistan’s adult population is affected by DM. In Pakistan, the popular mono-therapy for treating both pre-diabetic and diabetic patients is metformin. For Metformin is combined with exogenous insulin/sitagliptin/sulphonylureas for dual therapy.1 Multiple studies over the past decade have shown encouraging results for GLP-1 analogues, especially semaglutide. The 2022 American Diabetic Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines refer to semaglutide as a highly efficacious drug with minuscule side effects.2 They are the most efficacious drugs in reducing HBA1c among all the prescribed drugs for DM.3 In patients already taking metformin, the addition of subcutaneous semaglutide showed almost double the reduction in HBA1c than the addition of any other drug.3 In obese patients with DM, the weight reduction with semaglutide is significant than all other available medications, followed by its sister drug liraglutide.4 Recent studies also confirmed the added benefit of this class being cardioprotective and renoprotective, contrary to a belief once held about it.5 As of the studies done till now, the only majorly reported side effect of this drug is nausea and vomiting. Internationally, physicians have started to widely prescribe this class of drug after their inclusion as the top recommended drug in ADA and EASD. We suggest that the physicians be educated on the mechanism of this drug in conferences and presentations. This will help raise awareness in the doctor’s community of Pakistan. This drug can prove fruitful in preventing the progression of DM to diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, which can save countless lives and millions to our economy in pharmaceutical drugs.

Gendered Awareness of Pig and Poultry Farmers on the Potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Farming in Kenya

Given the need to boost food production while guaranteeing environmental sustainability, the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is gaining traction worldwide as an alternative protein source. In Kenya, BSF production and its use as a feed component is an emerging business, but farmer awareness of the potential use of BSF in animal feed has received limited attention. This study examined the factors influencing farmer awareness of insect farming and its usefulness as ingredient in livestock feed from a gender perspective. The analysis employed a mixed-methods approach by combining binary logistic regression analysis using cross-sectional survey data from a sub-sample of 235 pig and poultry farmers and content analysis from in-depth phone interviews. The study was implemented in Kiambu County, Kenya. About 44% of the farmers were aware of the use of black soldier fly in the animal feed industry, of which 46.72% were female, and 41.59% were male. From the results, years of education, the number of chickens owned, and membership in agricultural groups significantly influenced male and female farmers’ awareness. In addition, age and the number of pigs owned significantly influenced female farmers’ awareness. The results suggest that these factors are important to consider when strategies are developed to create awareness of BSF farming. Lessons learned from this study will inform BSF dissemination strategies to better target potential men and women BSF producers, influence their decision-making ability and improve information flows between scientists and producers.

Patient-centered communication tool for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia, their caregivers, and oncologists: A single-arm pilot study.

In a single-arm pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and usefulness of an innovative patient-centered communication tool (UR-GOAL tool) that addresses aging-related vulnerabilities, patient values, and prognostic awareness for use in treatment decision making between older adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), their caregivers, and oncologists. Primary feasibility metric was retention rate; >50% was considered feasible. We collected recruitment rate, usefulness, and outcomes including AML knowledge (range 0-14) and perceived efficacy in communicating with oncologists (range 5-25). Due to the pilot nature and small sample size, hypothesis testing was performed at α=0.10. We included 15 patients (mean age 76 years, range 64-88), 12 caregivers, and 5 oncologists; enrollment and retention rates for patients were 84% and 73%, respectively. Patients agreed that the UR-GOAL tool helped them understand their AML diagnosis and treatment options, communicate with their oncologist, and make more informed decisions. From baseline to post-intervention, patients and caregivers scored numerically higher on AML knowledge (patients: +0.6, p= 0.22; caregivers: +1.1, p= 0.05) and perceived greater efficacy in communicating with their oncologists (patients: +1.5, p= 0.22; caregivers: +1.2, p= 0.06). We demonstrated that it is feasible to incorporate the UR-GOAL tool into treatment decision making for older patients with AML, their caregivers, and oncologists.

TEACHERS’ AWARENESS OF MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS IN DAILY LIFE

The goal of this research was to look into the current state of Secondary level Mathematics teachers’ awareness of the use of mathematics in daily life in the State of Telangana. In this present study the investigator identified the awareness in use of mathematics in daily life is in eight areas such as Mathematics awareness in Environment, Science and Technology, Agriculture, Art and Culture, Sports, Weather Forecasting, Industry. The researcher used a mailed questionnaire to collect data for his research for Secondary level Mathematics teachers’ awareness in use of mathematics in daily life in selected areas. The study revealed that secondary level mathematics teachers have good awareness in use of mathematics in daily life. Over 80 percent of Secondary level Mathematics teachers’ in this study were using daily life situations to understand the concepts and gain the fundamental knowledge of other subjects such as Environment, Science and Technology, Agriculture, Art and Culture, Sports, Weather Forecasting, Industry among the students.

INVESTIGATING BARRIERS IN ADOPTION OF MASS CUSTOMIZATION IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SECTOR IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Mass customization (MC) offers tailor-made services to customers and necessary for industries in current global competition. However, implementation of MC is at nascent stage particularly in consumer electronics. This study investigates barriers in adoption of MC in context with developing economies such as India. There are quite a few barriers which may affect implementation of MC. Through literature survey and experts' opinion 15 barriers has been identied. DEMATEL method was used to nd cause-effect relationship between these barriers. Also most signicant barriers has been identied as Lack of nancial support, Lack of awareness of use of Information Technology in MC, Not availability of machines supporting MC, Lack of support from top management, and Lack of trained & skilled manpower. This study guides policy maker and managers in understanding the challenges in implementation of MC in emerging economies.

ANALISIS METAKOGNISI SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF REFLEKTIF DAN IMPULSIF

This study was conducted to describe the metacognition of junior high school students in solving mathematical problems based on cognitive style. This type of research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach which was carried out in class IX of SMP Negeri 2 Anggeraja. Results Based on the mathematical ability test and the Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT), 2 students were selected as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out by presenting problem-solving tasks and task-based interviews. Data analysis uses data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that students with reflective cognitive style fulfill the three aspects of metacognition, namely planning, monitoring, and evaluating in solving problems. From the metacognitive activity of students with reflective cognitive style, it shows that the level of metacognitive ability is at the level of reflective use. Students with impulsive cognitive style fulfill the three aspects of metacognition, namely planning, monitoring, and evaluating in solving problems. However, at the planning stage only able to reveal some strategies that can be used to solve the problem and at the evaluation stage unable to prove the truth of the answers obtained. From the metacognitive activity of students with cognitive impulses, it shows that the level of metacognition ability is at the level of awareness of use

Generation Z perceptions in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah using Fintech: A comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia

Generation Z is the future generation with technology familiarity and is a trendsetter in financial technology. This study aimed to compare (similarities and differences) perceptions of Generation Z Muslims in Indonesia and Malaysia in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS). This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods through focus group discussions. This method was chosen because it allows substantial interaction between participants to compare objects more boldly. Initially, there were 43 Generation Z students from Indonesia and 25 Generation Z students from Malaysia. The total reduction of participants was carried out to find the most relevant and appropriate participants by determining the criteria for having paid ZIS using financial technology (Fintech) at least once. With 10 participants from each country from the final narrowing results, two stages of Focus Group Discussion were carried out. The findings show the similarity of perceptions of awareness of use, including the need and importance of usage benefits. The similarity of perceptions regarding reputation was also found in professionalism and reliability. In contrast, similar perceptions of satisfaction occurred in aspects of multifunction and usability. In addition, differences were found in the perception of data security. There are still suspicions about data security among Indonesian participants. No studies directly compare Generation Z Muslims in the two countries that pay ZIS through Fintech. This study confirms that it is essential to increase the security of personal data when using fintech. Then there is a feeling of security and comfort for Generation Z who donated ZIS.

Evaluation of the awareness and utilization of oral rehydration salt and zinc in managing diarrhoea among under-five children in Oyo State, Nigeria

Background: Nigeria ranks as one of the countries with the highest negative consequences of diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness and utilization of ORS and zinc in managing diarrhoea among under-five children (U5C) in Oyo state, Nigeria.Methods: Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey (n=1154) as well as focus group discussions among mothers/caregivers of U5C and key informant interviews in Oyo state. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Nine of every ten caregivers were aware of the use of ORS/zinc for managing diarrhoea cases. Prevalence of ever-use of ORS/zinc for managing diarrhoea cases was 5.4% while the prevalence of having diarrhoea recently was 6.2% (71/1154). Of the 71 mothers whose U5C recently had diarrhoea, 41 (57.7%) used ORS/zinc to manage a recent episode of diarrhoea. Adjusted odds of using ORS/zinc to manage diarrhoea was 2.64 (aOR=2.64; 95%CI: 1.18-10.27 times higher among children who are the first births than those with fourth or higher birth order. The adjusted odds of using ORS/zinc to manage diarrhoea was 9 times (aOR= 9.15; 95%CI: 1.99-34.47) higher among mothers aged 20 to 24 years than those aged 30 to 39 years.Conclusions: Despite the high level of awareness of use of ORS and zinc in managing diarrhoea, ever-utilization is low but recent use by three-fifths of caregivers is fair. There is a need for Oyo state ministry of health and other stakeholders to promote the use of ORS and zinc in managing diarrhoea.

DOWNLOAD PDF DOWNLOAD XML Chemical Pesticide Use Pattern, Status And Farmer’s Awareness In Rice Growing Areas Of Khajura, Nepal

A study was carried out during the summer in rice growing areas of Khajura rural municipality, Banke to evaluate the use pattern, status of chemical pesticide, problematic insects/pests in rice and farmers level of awareness for use of chemical pesticides. For the study, the household selection was done via simple random sampling among major rice growing household. All together 40 rice growing were selected and the data was collected, tabulated and frequency percentage were derived to present the results. The study revealed that age, sex, family type and education level all had significant influence on the selection of pest control strategies. Stem borer, Gundi bug, Plant hoppers and moths were reported to be the major pest in rice in the study area. Chemical method of pest control was the most dominantly adopted strategy among the respondent where they get the usage information from the Agro-vets and the extension workers. Respondents were aware of the health hazard caused by the chemical usage and majority of them picked headache and eye problem as the major ones. Farmers mostly used pesticide during panicle initiation stage and were found less attracted to other method of pest control as they lack sufficient knowledge on other control strategies. Usage of safety equipment was very low among the farmers during the pesticide spray however use of boots and mask were found to be common. Farmers totally ignored the preparation directions, pesticide labels and disposal instructions and not aware of the waiting period.

A compreensão da leitura na escola uso e consciência no uso de guessing game

e article has as its theme the understanding of reading poems at school, considering its teaching, focusing on the use and awareness of the use of the guessing game by students at the end of Elementary School I. It is the purpose of the authors, given their history of actions associating universities and schools, collaborate for children to learn to read, providing theoretical knowledge from Psycholinguistics in interfaces and proposals for application in school teaching. In order to do so, the article fi rst off ers an exposition on the context of learning to read, evidencing the diffi culties of children in this context and the relationship with teaching. In the following, theoretical foundations on the psycholinguistic topics of reading mentioned above are exposed, so that professionals and students in professional preparation can analyze and deepen them considering their reading tasks. Subsequently, proposals for teaching reading at school are presented, applying these fundamentals in practical activities of guessing game in the reading of poems by authors with recognition in the history of literature for children. At the end of the article, fi nal comments are presented on the article, its organization and its contribution to the fi eld of studies and to the teaching of reading at school. Thus confi gured, the article in its foundations and its pedagogical application contributes to the advancement of the psycholinguistic fi eld in interfaces and to the teaching of reading at school insofar as it provides a theoretical-methodological path of scientifi c-pedagogical basis of use and awareness in use from the guessing game to be better known and more experienced

Use of NAUROJI Novel Organic Liquid Fertilizer on Yield of Mango and Sapota

To create awareness for use of NAUROJI Novel Organic Liquid Fertilizer and the adoption of new input in Mango var. Kesar and Sapota var. Kalipatti demonstrations were conducted during the year 2021–22 in different blocks of Navsari district viz., Navsari, Jalalpore and Gandevi. Use of NAUROJI Novel Organic Liquid Fertilizer spray resulted in higher yield (93.0 and 129.5 q/ha) compared to check plots (84.8 and 118.0 q/ha) in Mango and Sapota fruit crops, respectively. The yield increase compared to check field plots were 10.06 and 9.75% in Mango and Sapota crops, respectively. The extension gap was recorded in Mango and Sapota crops were 8.50 q/ha and 11.50 q/ha. Similarly, the technical gap was recorded 12.00 q/ha in Mango and 20.50 q/ha in Sapota. The technology index recorded 11.43% in Mango and 13.67% in Sapota. The benefit-cost ratio was recorded higher in the demonstrated plot of Mango (1.90) and Sapota (1.74) fruit crops compared to the check plot. Moreover, net return in Mango was also recorded 14.65% and 15.44% in Sapota.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 Questionnaire in Iranian Patients Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background and Objectives: Forgotten Joint Score-12 is a useful questionnaire to evaluate the level of joint awareness and patients’ ability to forget the involved joint. The objective of the present study was to obtain a tool to evaluate the level of joint awareness for use in Persian-speaking patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: The present study was a methodological study in the field of psychometrics, in which after translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FJS-12 questionnaire according to the ISPOR method, to examine its validity, the questionnaire was given to 114 participants who had passed between 1 and 3 years of their anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. To evaluate reliability, participants were asked to complete and resubmit the questionnaire after a week. In this study, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the repeatability of the questionnaire and measure Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency. Structural validity was performed by calculating the correlation between the FJS-12 questionnaire and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaires using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The level of ceiling and floor effect of the questionnaire was also assessed. Results: Internal consistency and data repeatability were excellent for FJS-12 (Cronbach’s α=0.950 and ICC=0.845, respectively). In examining the validity, a weak to moderate correlation was obtained between the score of the FJS-12 questionnaire and the scores of the subscales of WOMAC (r=0.34) and KOOS (r=0.34). Also, a moderate correlation was obtained between the score of the FJS-12 questionnaire and the first question of the subscale of quality of life in the KOOS questionnaire (r=0.46), which indicates the validity of the average structure of the questionnaire. The floor (4.45%) and ceiling (3.50%) effect was low. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the Persian version of the FJS-12 questionnaire can be used by Persian speakers. Also, this questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the level of joint awareness in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Preservation of Information Resources in Selected Rural (Public) Libraries in Southern Nigeria: State-of-the-Art

Rural libraries serve the specific information need(s) of communities where they are domiciled. They are vital to the knowledge society, fundamental to the information access and distribution framework at the community level. Today, rural areas are almost void of crucial contemporary information-based technological infrastructure. Preservation of information resources is crucial to its sustainable utilization either for individualist or communal development. This study presents the status quo on preservation of information resources in public libraries in rural communities in southern Nigeria. The survey design was adopted; random sampling was used to draw 98 respondents, questionnaire was constructed to elicit responses with 91% returned rate. Results showed that information resources are in poor state of preservation due to deposition of particulate matter, dilapidation of library building, and mutilation. Dusting/cleaning of shelves/books and the engagement of humans to secure information resources were the most frequently used to preserve the information resources. Rural libraries lacked CCTV and no RFID installed to prevent theft. There are almost no visible digital preservation activities in place. The constraints to preservation include the obsolete nature of information resources, delay in government’s response to plea on preservation requirements, no air conditioning, poor electricity and underfunding. Staff training on preservation, workable preservation policy, increase budgetary allocation, and community awareness of use of information resources may enhance preservation efforts. Rural libraries are merely fast fading store houses of information resources with its purpose almost been defeated. There is need for urgent attention from the public and concerned agencies. Useful recommendations were put forward accordingly.

Student Selection of Content Licenses in OER-enabled Pedagogy

Students acting as content creators is an emergent trend in the field of open educational practice. As more faculty turn towards the use of open pedagogy or OER-enabled Pedagogy, they must be prepared to address concerns related to intellectual property rights of student work. This article addresses student concerns related to intellectual property rights, specifically related to Creative Commons licensing as well as faculty awareness of use of Creative Commons licensing. Research was conducted at a small, liberal arts college in the Appalachian Region of the United States. All first-year students engaged in an OER-enabled Pedagogy project where they collaboratively created a reader for the First Year Studies seminar course. Following class, students and faculty were interviewed regarding how dynamics of intellectual property and Creative Commons licensing impacted the educational process. Results indicate students are open to sharing their works with credit, and value helping others. Faculty tend to be unfamiliar with Creative Commons licensing and must balance the desire to help students understand licensing and prescribing their own preferences when asked about licensing selection.