Prostate Cancer Awareness Research Articles

The impact of cancer campaigns in Brazil: a Google Trends analysis.

It is estimated that more than 600,000 new cases of cancer will be reported in Brazil during the 2018–2019 biennium, especially with regard to prostate, breast, lung and colorectal cancers. Due to the high prevalence, incidence and mortality rates of these diseases, cancer campaigns such as ‘Pink October’ and ‘Blue November’ were strongly promoted in the past decade throughout the country to raise awareness of breast and prostate cancer, respectively. Nevertheless, whether the implementation of these campaigns has been proven efficient is still unknown. In the present study, we analysed the effectiveness of these campaigns on eliciting population online interest for cancer information. The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative Internet search popularity for the terms ‘breast cancer’ and ‘prostate cancer’ from 2014 to 2019. Aside from some regional differences, we found that there was a high demand for ‘breast cancer’ and, to a lesser extent, ‘prostate cancer’ searches in a seasonal fashion (during October and November, respectively). Despite the worldwide high incidence of lung and colorectal cancers, searches including these keywords did not show increases in any specific period of the year, demonstrating the efficiency of the ‘Pink October’ and ‘Blue November’ campaigns in engaging the interest of the Brazilian population on the subject. These results allow us to infer that campaigns are effective in mobilising the attention of the Brazilian population with regard to breast and prostate cancers, but the practical aspects in reducing incidence and mortality should still be discussed.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study.

Prostate cancer and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Data were available for 58,279 men and 62,573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were calculated to assess MD adherence. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3,868 prostate cancer cases (advanced: 1,256) and 1,884 bladder cancer cases could be included in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. aMEDr was not associated with advanced prostate cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR)per 2-point increment (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) = 1.06 (0.96-1.17)]. In contrast, higher aMEDr values were associated with a significantly increased risk of nonadvanced prostate cancer (P trend = 0.04). For bladder cancer risk, no association was observed with aMEDr [HRper 2-point increment (95% CI) = 1.00 (0.92-1.09)]. Absolute scores based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations were not associated with prostate or bladder cancer risk. MD adherence, measured by aMEDr or other MD scores, was not associated with decreased risks of advanced prostate cancer and bladder cancer in the NLCS. Higher levels of care-seeking behavior, screening attendance, and prostate cancer awareness in higher educated men with healthier lifestyles could potentially explain the positive associations observed for nonadvanced prostate cancer risk. MD adherence does not seem to reduce the risk of (advanced) prostate cancer or bladder cancer.

PSA Testing? Over-Treatment? Active Surveillance? Biopsy value? No PSA for Elderly?

Prostate Cancer Patient Since 1992, Advocate, Activist, Volunteer Mentor since 1996 to men diagnosed with Prostate Cancer and their Caregivers locally and on-line Worldwide. Please recognize that I am not a Medical Doctor. Rather, I do consider myself a medical detective. I have been an avid student researching and studying prostate cancer as a survivor and continuing patient since 1992. I have dedicated my retirement years to continued deep research and study in order to serve as an advocate for prostate cancer awareness, and, from an activist patient’s viewpoint, as a mentor to voluntarily help patients, caregivers, and others interested develop an understanding of this insidious men’s disease, its treatment options, and the treatment of the side effects that often accompany treatment. There is absolutely no charge for my mentoring – I provide this free service as one who has been there and hoping to make their journey one with better understanding and knowledge than was available to me when I was diagnosed so many years ago. Importantly, readers of medical information I may provide are provided this “disclaimer” to make certain they understand that the comments or recommendations I make are not intended to be the procedure to blindly follow; rather, they are to be reviewed as MY OPINION, then used for further personal research, study, and subsequent discussion with the medical professional/ physician providing their prostate cancer care.

Knowledge and Awareness of Prostate Cancer Among Omani Men Attending a Teaching Hospital

Prostate cancer is ranked as the fourth most prevalent cancer in the world and the second most common cancer affecting men. In Oman, prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, with the majority of prostate cancer patients presenting in the more advanced stages of the disease. Public awareness of the risk factors, symptoms and emphasising the importance of seeking early medical attention could help to improve the outcomes and survival rates of prostate cancer patients. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness levels of the risk factors, symptoms and barriers to seeking early medical intervention among adult Omani men. A validated questionnaire measuring the knowledge of risk factors, symptoms and barriers to seeking early medical help was used to collect data from adult Omani men attending a teaching hospital in Muscat, Oman. Out of 720 men who were invited, 600 participated in the study (response rate = 83%). The most recognised risk factor was obesity (366; 61.0%), and the least was sexually transmitted diseases (204; 34.0%); the most recognised symptom was unexplained weight loss (26.5%), the least was changes in seminal fluid (13.3%); the most common barrier to seeking early intervention was "not trusting the medical knowledge of the doctors" (57.5%), the least was "difficulty in arranging transport" (19.5%). Age, education level, marital status and family history of cancer were significantly associated with the participants' knowledge of prostate cancer. Participants received a significant part of their prostate cancer awareness via the social media. National awareness campaigns using social media and information leaflets are needed to educate Omani men on prostate cancer awareness and prevention and to increase trust in the expertise of medical professionals. Further research exploring the barriers to seeking early medical intervention is needed.

Awareness of prostate cancer diagnosis and management among Turkish males: a cross sectional study from Çorum

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in the United States and the second most common cancer in Turkey. The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in industrialized countries.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about prostate cancer, its diagnosis, and treatment among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods: This study was performed from January to April 2015 with the patients applied to our clinic. A questionnaire that includes 10 questions was administered to the participants.Results: One hundred fifty-nine participants were included in this study. The participants’ ages were between 40 and 82 with a mean age of 61.5 ± 7.9 years. Patient awareness of prostate biopsy and prostate cancer were 21.37 and 71.06%. The main origin awareness of PSA testing is family and friends. On the other hand, if the doctor advises acout prostate biopsy, 47.16% of the patients would accept and 11.31% of them would refuse this invasive procedure.Conclusion: Prostate cancer is one of the important health-related problem among men in the world. Additional researches are needed to investigate the knowledge of prostate cancer among men and the Ministry of Health may take preventive methods to increase the cancer knowledge level of people.

Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia.

Previous research in Victoria, Australia, found differences in prostate cancer outcomes in regional and metropolitan areas. This investigation of undiagnosed men in regional areas and a metropolitan area of South Australia sought their perspectives on prostate cancer. Our aim was to learn whether men who had not been diagnosed could shed light on why men outside metropolitan areas tended to have poorer outcomes than metropolitan men. Our goal was to build on evidence contributing to improving outcomes in prostate cancer care. Semi-structured interviews were designed to elicit explanation and meaning. 15 men (10 metropolitan, 5 regional) not diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited through widely-distributed flyers in medical and community settings. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; transcripts were analysed thematically. Five main themes were identified, four of which were prompted by the questions: Addressing prostate health, Experiences with and expectations of GPs, Differences in care between regional and metropolitan areas, and Achieving early diagnosis. The fifth theme arose spontaneously: Australian masculinity. Men identified as problematic the limited availability of GPs in regional areas, the lack of consistency in approaches to prostate cancer detection, and men’s reluctance to seek medical care. Community-level strategies appear to be valued to encourage men to address prostate health. Maintaining and extending a systemic approach to prostate care may improve outcomes for men in Australia.

Prostate cancer awareness at Brigham Young University of Idaho: A cross-sectional study

Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, and is very common in older men. Early screenings have been proven to help diagnose prostate cancer sooner. Ignorance about prostate cancer can be a huge problem impeding men from getting screened. Hence, it is important to be aware of the disease and encourage prostate cancer screening by age 50. The purpose of this study was to establish the level of awareness of prostate cancer among college students at Brigham Young University of Idaho (BYU-I). Methods: This survey research was conducted at BYU-I. Questionnaires were sent via email. Responses were received the same way and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study shows that knowledge about prostate cancer varied greatly among BYU-I students. The level of awareness is poor and is not correlated to gender or age. Conclusion: This study shows a significant lack of awareness of prostate cancer among BYU-I students. Necessary steps should be taken to promote more awareness and early screening for prostate cancer in this setting. Educational opportunities should be offered for recognition of symptoms and to promote screening which will lead to early diagnosis and treatment.

Implantation of the argus sling in a hard-to-treat patient group with urinary stress incontinence

Introduction: Awareness of prostate cancer is growing in the Western population, and an increasing number of patients are being referred to prostate surgery. This is a significant contributor to male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Implantation of an artificial sphincter (AUS) is considered the gold standard treatment of SUI. This study investigates the role of minimally invasive treatment with the Argus sling in a heterogenic hard-to-treat patient group.Method: The study was a retrospective follow-up study with patients as their own controls. Forty-one patients were enrolled and treated with the Argus sling. Patients enrolled had persisting SUI after prostate surgery for more than 12 months, despite conservative treatment. The pre-operative daily usage of pads and the 24 hours urinary leakage were compared to the post-operative findings. The primary goal was to achieve complete continence or a reduction of more than 50% in pad usage or urinary leakage.Results: In total, 71% of the 41 patients enrolled met our primary objective. Complete continence was obtained in 56%, and a reduction of 50% or more was obtained in an additional 15%.Conclusion: This study has reproduced continence rates seen in previous studies, but in the hard-to-treat patients with urgency or formerly failed surgery, the continence rate was found to be inferior. The AUS has produced similar results and must still be considered the gold standard treatment of SUI, but the Argus sling is an alternative for patients who want a passive system or for patients not suitable for AUS.

Men on Blue: Knowledge, Belief, Fear, Perceived Attitude of Men to Prostate Cancer Screening and Awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background and context: In Nigeria, cancer leads to >72,000 deaths per annum (30,924 for male and 40,647 for female). This number is set to increase given that there are 102,000 new cases of cancer every year. The estimated incidence for prostate cancer is (12%) and estimated mortality prostate (13%). Prostate cancer is the third leading cancer death in Nigeria and the leading cause of cancer deaths in Nigerian men. However, very little or nothing is said about prostate cancer in Nigeria. Every October, virtually all cancer NGOs roll out their drums of awareness focused on breast cancer, prostate cancer is always missing, while several men die in silence and pain because their prostate cancer was discovered at late stages. Men on Blue is a health intervention focused on closing the gap of awareness, education and screenings for prostate cancer in rural communities of Lagos, Abuja and Enugu. The intervention will use 3 core strategies, such as: prostate cancer awareness, prostate cancer screenings and social media campaigns. Our target is to screen 2000 men, reach 20,000 men directly, reach 30,000 women and youth directly in rural communities of Lagos, Abuja and Enugu and 5 million indirectly through traditional and social media in Nigeria. Aim: To reduce the incidence of prostate cancer through the creation of a platform for prostate cancer awareness, screening and support in Nigeria. Program/Policy process: The program use focused on phasing out late diagnosis of prostate cancer through screenings outreaches in local communities in Nigeria. Men are always missing in cancer awareness and programs, hence, the program will bring men to the fore of cancer awareness. Outcomes: It is expected that this program will increase the level of prostate cancer awareness in Nigeria through the translation of information materials in local languages, engage men to lead the campaign and the use of strategic social media campaign. What was learned: Preliminary results of the planning process of the program, showed that several men are battling with prostate cancer, however, very few is said about them and they are dying in silence. Their voice need to be heard in sub-Saharan Africa.

Hiking Is a Great Way to Enjoy Having a Healthy Lifestyle. This Campaign Was Created to Raise Prostate Cancer Awareness

Amount raised: $1500.00 Background and context: Evidence for the role of physical activity in cancer incidence is well known and increases cancer survivorship. Cancer survivors as well as new patients would like to have a more active role in their health care, including what diet and lifestyle changes they should make. Since physical exercise has attracted increasing interest in our country we decided to do and experience the first hiking activity suggested by the Honduran Urology Society as an excellent way to raise awareness about prostate cancer and how to prevent it. Aim: The key aim was to raise awareness among men and their families and therefore organize the Prostate Cancer Association for Patients since there is none in Honduras. Strategy/Tactics: We started an alliance with the doctors from Honduran National Society of Urology so they could be the official spokesman for this activity. We contacted radio stations and TV health programs in order for the physicians to educate and publicized the event. Networking the activity on social media and decided on a Sunday as the day of the event since most people were off from work and school. November was chosen as it commemorates Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. A public facility was the place chosen since it had been shortly renovated and would be an attraction for men and their families. Program process: Since prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men, we felt the need to get involved in this activity. We contacted town officials to find out if a permit was needed. We also requested local businesses to donate T-shirts, drinks and food for the participants. We asked businesses to place campaign publicity on visible areas of shopping centers. We contacted a fitness instructor to donate an hour of his time for this cause. Once the T-shirt donation arrived we had printed a logo as a symbol for our campaign. Costs and returns: Since the very beginning we decided to get the most from this campaign by getting almost everything donated and the outcome was surprisingly a positive reaction. Donated kits with a T-shirt and a water bottle were given in exchange of a registration fee of $10, there was no fee from the hiking park. What was learned: With proper tools, educating patients for early detection may be the key to successful treatment. We all can better understand the facts about prostate cancer, who it affects and what you can do about it. We learned that we made such a great team working together as one and looking forward to our 2nd hiking event for 2018.

Time trend and characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in Hong Kong (China) in the past two decades.

Time trend and characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in Hong Kong (China) in the past two decades.

Fluoroquinolones Awareness Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin

Please recognize that I am not a Medical Doctor. Rather, I do consider myself a medical detective. I have been an avid student researching and studying prostate cancer as a survivor and continuing patient since 1992. I have dedicated my retirement years to continued deep research and study in order to serve as an advocate for prostate cancer awareness, and, from an activist patient's viewpoint, as a mentor to voluntarily help patients, caregivers, and others interested develop an understanding of this insidious men's disease, its treatment options, and the treatment of the side effects that often accompany treatment.

Evaluation of prostate cancer risk in men with PSA < 1.5.

64 Background: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening remains controversial primarily because of over detection and treatment. There is an unmet clinical need to identify patients at increased risk for high-grade (HG – Gleason Score ≥7) prostate cancer (PCa) since PSA has low sensitivity. Combining PSA with well-validated prostate cancer biomarkers (PCM) can improve risk assessment. We investigated the performance of three PCMs (phi – prostate health index, 4KScore, and SelectMDx) on patients with PSA levels < 1.5 ng/mL that represent a “safe zone” where risk of any PCa is rare Methods: 652 men were screened for PCa during the annual Prostate Cancer Awareness Week at the University of Colorado Hospital. This study was supported by Prostate Condition Education Council and the Schramm Foundation. phi is evaluated using p2PSA, total PSA, and free PSA in serum. Phi < 52.7 suggests absence of HG PCa. 4KScore incorporates four kallikrein protein biomarkers: total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, human kallikrein protein, and clinical information. A 4KScore < 20% suggests absence of HG PCa. The SelectMDx post-DRE urine test measures mRNA levels of the homeobox C6 and distal-less homeobox 1 biomarkers. SelectMDx score of 0% indicates absence of HG PCa. Results: No patients with a PSA < 1.5 had SelectMDx > 0% and/or phi > 52.7. One patient had a 4KScore of 27%, indicating a risk for HG PCa. For patients with PSA between 1.5-3.99, 2.9% (4/135), 7.4% (4/54), and 2.3% (2/85) had positive phi, 4KScore, and SelectMDx results, respectively. Conclusions: Men with PSA <1.5 ng/mL are at very low risk for HG PCa. Men with PSA between 1.5-3.99 with positive PCM results may be referred for further evaluation. [Table: see text]

The effect of digital rectal exam on the 4Kscore for aggressive prostate cancer

The 4Kscore is a new commercially available blood-based diagnostic test which predicts risk for aggressive, clinically significant prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. The 4Kscore is currently restricted to patients who have not had a digital rectal exam (DRE) in the previous 96 h, owing to prior mixed data suggesting that prostate specific antigen (PSA) isoforms may increase by a statistically significant-if not necessarily clinically significant-amount shortly after DRE. Our primary objective was to determine if 4Kscore test results are affected by a preceding DRE. Participants at a Prostate Cancer Awareness Week screening event sponsored by the Prostate Conditions Education Council filled out clinical history questionnaires and had blood samples for 4Kscore testing drawn prior to DRE, then 15-45 min following DRE. Patients with prior cancer diagnosis, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor medication use, or lower urinary tract procedures in the prior 6 months were excluded, resulting in a population of 162 participants for analysis. Values were then compared to determine if there was a significant difference in 4Kscore following DRE. A statistically significant increase was seen in levels of 3 kallikreins measured (total PSA, free PSA, and intact PSA; median <0.03 ng/mL for all). This resulted in a small but statistically significant decrease in post-DRE 4Kscore (median absolute score decrease 0.43%). Using a 4Kscore cutoff of 7.5% resulted in reclassification of 10 patients (6.2%), nine of whom were "downgraded" from above the cutoff to below. If the blood draw for the 4 K score is performed after a screening DRE, there is a statistically significant difference in the 4 K score results, but in the vast majority of cases it would not affect clinical decision making.

Incidental Diagnosis of Carcinoma Prostate Of Turp Chips Done for Bph : A Study of Chittagong Medical College Hospital

Background: Prostate cancer awareness is increasing day by day, especially in the USA and western world. Before PSA period, up to 27% of prostate cancers were detected incidentally in the TURP chips done for BPH. The Incidental diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients treated for BPH by a transurethral prostate resection is seen in 1.4-16.7% of patients, but it’s incidence is decreasing due to the use of Serum PSA testing. Nevertheless, some patients are still diagnosed with incidental prostate cancer. However, incidentally detected carcinoma prostate has been reported to vary across the globe since various factors can influence the identification of this malignancy in TURP specimens. In this study, we concentrated on rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in TURP chips done for BPH in our hospital. Materials and methods: This retrospective study of histopathological findings of TURP chips was conducted for patients undergoing TURP from 2010. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with BPH, DRE showing no abnormal hard areas and age adjusted PSA value is normal. Patients with elevated PSA, abnormal DRE, documented urinary tract infection and proved Adenocarcinoma Prostate (CaP) were excluded from the study. The age of the patients, clinical diagnosis, occurrence of carcinoma of prostate in the TURP chips and Gleason’s scores were recorded. Results: A total of 263 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. The incidence of CaP in the study group was 5.3 % (14/263). 10 (71.4 %) patients were aged ³65 years or older had maximum incidence of CaP. Conclusions: The rate of incidentally detected adenocarcinoma prostate in patients undergoing TURP for clinically diagnosed BPH was found to be only 5.3 % in our study, which is low when compared with similar studies done elsewhere in the world.&#x0D; JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (2) : 16-20

Information Pour Le Développement Durable De La Santé – Cas De L’usage Des Réseaux Sociaux Dans La Lutte Contre Le Cancer De La Prostate En Côte d’Ivoire

Prostate cancer is a pathology that causes casualties among the male population in Côte d'Ivoire. This pandemic kills silently but can be cured at the early stage of detection. All the actors in the fight against this pathology have mainly focused on the classical channels of communication and nonmedia. In the era of the information society, there is, however, a culture of digital technology in Côte d'Ivoire where the use of social networks is now part of the habits. While mass communication campaigns hinder efforts to raise awareness for early detection, more discreet and more customizable social networks have the advantage of reaching men who feel demeaned and humiliated when it comes to the «shameful, humiliating and dishonorable» disease of prostate cancer. The objectives of this research are to assess the impact of prostate cancer awareness campaigns on male population through traditional channels of communication and to analyze the determinants of the evolution of prostate cancer, despite all actions taken to propose solutions to curb the evolution of the disease. With the quantitative and qualitative approaches, the hypothesis that shows that there is a significant relationship between the evolution of prostate cancer among the male population and the late detection of this disease was confirmed. The communication strategies proposed by the various actors will then be effective, provided that social networks are associated with conventional media and non-media.

Awareness of Prostate Cancer, Screening and Methods of Managements in a Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is surrounded by controversies regarding the benefits, risks and uncertainties of undergoing the screening. Current practices of prostate cancer involve measuring the level of PSA and digital rectal examination. This study aimed to measure the knowledge and awareness of undergoing a prostate cancer screening and the available treatment options amongst the participants. Method: a questionnaire-based quantitative cross-sectional study which focuses on determining the knowledge of prostate cancer screening and management in a hospital in Riyadh. Results: three hundred and twenty-three participants filled the surveys (100% males), more than 80% of all ages had heard about prostate cancer and that it is a disease of the male. A higher level of education is significantly associated with the level of awareness (P-value <0.001). More educated participants selected 40 years old as the appropriate age for PCa screening (P-value 0.009) and radiotherapy as the mode of treatment (P-value 0.01). 43.34% saw PCa as a cause of death and 41.4% saw it associated with smoking. Only 17.84% undergo continuous PCa screening most of them in 50-60 age group with “reassurance” as the main motivator. 37.8% of the participants did not know the symptoms of PCa and around 25% selected pain in micturition, difficult frequent micturition and bone pain as symptoms of PCa. Conclusion: although prostate cancer is known amongst the majority of the participants, only a minority of them has knowledge of the symptoms and undergoes regular screening.

Can you un-ring the bell? A qualitative study of how affect influences cancer screening decisions

BackgroundThe belief that early detection is the best protection against cancer underlies cancer screening. Emerging research now suggests harms associated with early detection may sometimes outweigh the benefits. Governments, cancer agencies, and organizations that publish screening guidelines have found it is difficult to “un-ring the bell” on the message that “early detection is your best protection” because of its widespread communication and enduring resonance. This study explores affective factors—and their interplay with relevant analytical factors—in public/laypersons’ decision making about cancer screening.MethodsA total of 93 people (47 men, 46 women) attended focus groups about, respectively, prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening in two Canadian cities.ResultsAffective factors were a major influence on many focus group participants’ decision making about cancer screening, including fear of cancer and a generalized enthusiasm for prevention/screening, and they were often inspired by anecdotes about the cancer experiences of family and friends. Affect also existed alongside more analytical factors including assessments of reduced risk in the management of any cancer diagnosis if caught early, and, for men, the belief that an unreliable test is “better than nothing,” and that men deserve prostate cancer screening because women have breast and cervical cancer screening. Affective factors were particularly noticeable in the sub-groups most supportive of screening and the “early detection” message: older women who felt that mammogram screening should begin at age 40 rather than 50, and older men who felt that prostate cancer screening should be expanded beyond its current unorganized, opportunistic usage. In contrast, younger participants displayed less affective attachments to “early detection” messages and had greater concerns about harms of screening and were more receptive to nuanced messages informed by evidence.ConclusionPolicymakers attempting to communicate more nuanced versions of the “early detection” message need to understand the role of affect alongside other judgments brought into laypersons’ decision making processes and anticipate how affective responses to their messages will be shaped, transformed, and potentially subverted by external forces beyond their control. Particularly overt external factors are campaigns by cancer advocacy organizations actively promoting breast and prostate cancer awareness and screening to younger women and men using affectively-charged messages.

Clinical efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in men younger than 50 years old with an elevated prostate-specific antigen concentration (>4.0 ng/mL)

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is not commonly found in men younger than 50 years of age. However, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration has been examined more frequently at a younger age in Asia partially due to an increased awareness of prostate cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy and complication of PSA-triggered transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate (TRUSP) biopsies. We retrospectively reviewed TRUSP biopsies in young men with elevated PSA concentration in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. MethodsWe reviewed the cases of patients younger than 50 years of age with elevated PSA concentration (>4.0 ng/mL), who received 12 cores TRUSP biopsies at TPEVGH from January 2008–December 2013. The age, family history, digital rectal examination (DRE) results, PSA concentration, free/total PSA ratio, total prostate volume, PSA density, lower urinary tract symptoms and complications after the procedure were reviewed. The pathologic findings of TRUSP biopsy and clinical follow-up were reviewed and analyzed according to the Epstein criteria. ResultsA total of 77 patients were included and were divided into 2 groups: 1) the younger group consisted of 20 patients <40 years of age; and 2) the elder group had 57 patients who were 40–50 years of age. The overall detection rate of PCa was 11.69% (9/77), and all of the PCa cases were diagnosed in the elder group (group detection rate: 15.8%). There was a significant difference in the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between these 2 groups. All PCa patients were clinically significant according to the Epstein criteria. Two patients experienced fever (2.60%) after TRUSP biopsy. ConclusionFrom our patient cohort, it appears that no benefit was apparent for patients younger than 40 years old who received TRUSP biopsy, even with elevated PSA. However, PCa detected in men between 40 and 50 years of age were all clinically significant. Overall, our results supported current major practice guidelines which recommend an initial PSA checkup at 40 years of age.

Awareness of Prostate Cancer and Screening Modalities Among Long Island Men.

Despite advances in prostate cancer (PC) treatment and outcomes, it remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. Furthermore, there exist little data about patient awareness of PC and the frequency of screening. Adult men (470) presenting to the emergency department at a tertiary care center (Stony Brook University) between 2014 and 2015 were surveyed orally for their perceived risk of PC, awareness of PC and screening modalities, and screening history. In a population that mirrors the racial demographics of the United States, it was observed that significant disparities in awareness of PC exist among several populations including those at greatest risk. This study revealed an important opportunity for education on PC and screening modalities among the population of men at risk.