Awareness Of Privacy Protection Research Articles

A distributed Peer-to-Peer energy transaction method for diversified prosumers in Urban Community Microgrid System

As massive integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), the role of end-users in the Urban Community Microgrid System (UCMS) has transformed from traditional consumers into prosumers with capabilities of both energy production and consumption. The exchange of energy between autonomous microgrid prosumers can be achieved with the introduction of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy transaction, promoting the efficient allocation of energy in the UCMS. However, the existing centralized P2P energy transaction approaches require microgrid transaction brokers to obtain prosumers’ private data, including energy resource configuration, operation status, and energy production/consumption schedule. With the enhancement of prosumers’ awareness of privacy protection, it will be increasingly more difficult for the brokers to obtain such private data in practical application scenarios, resulting in obstacles on the implementation of such centralized approach. Thus, a novel distributed P2P energy transaction method based on the double auction market is proposed in this paper. Prosumers first generate the information of energy supply and demand autonomously utilizing distributed energy management model, then set the price targeting profit maximization, and finally initiate P2P energy transaction mutually in the double auction energy market. Compared with the existing centralized approaches, the method proposed in this paper can achieve the coordination and complementarity of energy in the UCMS, promoting economic benefit, energy self-sufficiency, and renewable energy self-consumption without sacrificing privacy preservation and robustness.

Location Semantics Identification via Users’ Clickstreams in Mobile Social Networking

With the rise of social networking and the awareness of privacy protection, the large-scale positioning data is getting harder to access while the clickstream data of social networking is accumulating. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study on the temporal property and spatial distribution of social network’s clickstream to determine the latent relationship between clickstream and location semantics which semantically annotate locations to help us understand the purpose of a social network user at a certain location and a particular time. In this paper, we first infer the location semantics from Internet logs as our baseline which is a large scale, imprecise positioning mobile dataset through combining the utilization of derived time pattern and speed pattern. Then we design a method to reconstruct location semantics through the social network. We are the first to our knowledge that define “click motif” of social network’s clickstream which is the combination of clicks in clickstream that occurs repeatedly and has significance. Click motif not only can help us to classify location semantics but also enhance the user experience of social networking. Besides, we propose a completed process to extract typical click motifs from a large-scale complicated clickstream data via embedding and clustering method. By extensive experiments and analysis, we demonstrate that different combination of click motifs can convey the users’ location semantics, therefore clickstream may disclose location privacy.

User Behavior Clustering Scheme With Automatic Tagging Over Encrypted Data

User behavior clustering analysis has a wide range of applications in business intelligence, information retrieval, and image pattern recognition and fault diagnosis. Most of existing methods of user behavior have some problems such as weak generality and the lack of tags of clustering. With the increasing awareness of privacy protection, user behavior analysis also needs to support for ciphertext to protect user data. Based on clustering algorithm, homomorphic encryption technology and information security, in this paper, we propose a user behavior clustering scheme that supports automatic tags on ciphertext. Firstly, design a security protocol corresponding to the basic operations such as addition, multiplication and comparison and apply to the scheme. Then, the relevant features of the user behavior are merged with the clustering process, the latent factor model, and matrix decomposition. We have implemented our method and evaluated its performance using K-means and K-means++ clustering. The results show that the scheme can auto tags over encrypted data, and the tag also meets the actual situation, which proves the validity and generality of the scheme.

LOL: localization-free online keystroke tracking using acoustic signals

Contents typed via keyboards prove to be vulnerable to attacks based on acoustic emanations analysis. However, previous works achieve the attacks under controlled environment, e.g., neglecting the noises or requiring the keyboard to be located in fixed locations. In this study, we present a localization-free online keystroke tracking system (LOL), which enables people to use prior knowledge obtained from the keyboard in one location to recognize real-time keystrokes of the same type of keyboard in any other places, despite various background noises. Combined with support vector machine, we design an detection model to separate keystroke signals from noises. By analyzing the properties of acoustics transmission, we propose an angle-based sampling method with a single microphone to decrease the dependence on certain locations, and it also increases the diversity of signals in the meantime. Our real-world experiments demonstrate a 99.47% keystroke detection rate, a 97.27% recognition accuracy under ideal condition, and an 84.55% content recovery accuracy despite changing locations of the keyboard. Most commercial off-the-shelf sound recording devices, e.g., smartphones, can be used in our system to record acoustic emanations from keystrokes. LOL could attract more community to study security of keyboard devices and promote users to enhance privacy protection awareness.

Using GSW FHE to provide stronger privacy protection for searchable encryption

Nowadays, with increasingly strong awareness of privacy protection, more and more people choose to encrypt their data and then outsource it to the server, but how to search the encrypted data is a challenging problem in this situation. Many people have studied this problem, not only for the fundamental property of this, but also because there is a practical issue where the volume of data is so huge that it is impractical for users to download the whole data and search on it. One common solution is to build an inverted index using a special algorithm and support searchable algorithm on the encrypted data, but this causes another problem: the privacy will be leaked to the data owner when the owner and user are not the same person. In this paper, we design a novel scheme to solve this problem. We provide stronger privacy protection for users when they search on the data, and the scheme can protect the privacy of the inverted index table and content of data. Besides, the data owner cannot get any information about the query messages searched by users. Also, we analyse the security of our scheme, and the simulation demonstrates the good performance of our scheme.

A Study of Factors that Affect the Right to be Forgotten and Self-Disclosure Intent in SNS

Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the relationship between self-disclosure intent to disclose themselves online openly and the right to be forgotten that they want their information to be forgotten online. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to measure each variable of the research model, all items of the questionnaire were measured with fivepoint Likert scale. Questionnaire items were modified according to the environment called social network service from existing studies. Also, verification for the measurement model was carried out targeting a total of 115 responses used in the analysis. For measurement model verification, we used Partial Least Square, a structural equation approach and used SmartPLS 2.0. Findings: According to the study results, perceived privacy risk had a significant effect both on privacy protection awareness and privacy concern. Perceived privacy can be understood to affect acceptance of the right to be forgotten by a medium of privacy protection awareness and privacy concern because the path known for privacy protection awareness and privacy concern to affect acceptance of the right to be forgotten was also found to be significant. On the other hand, the hypothesis that privacy self-efficacy affects privacy protection awareness and the hypothesis that privacy concern and acceptance of the right to be forgotten have a significant effect on self-disclosure intent were rejected. In order to use SNS, some degree of personal information disclosure is inevitable. Therefore, feeling concerned about privacy or not does not have any effect on self-disclosure intent in SNS. Likewise, the relationship between acceptance of the right to be forgotten and self-disclosure intent also turned out not to be related each other. Application/Improvements: Protection Motivation Theory should be applied as the antecedent of privacy protection awareness or in-depth research on other privacy-related factors affecting self-disclosure intent in addition to self-presentation needs.

Denominations of Faith in the Census

The article deals with two interrelated sets of research questions: how did non-conformism spread in Norway, which was completely dominated by the State Church, and where can such developments be studied in the censuses more internationally? Some nations have century-long series of census-based aggregates about religious affiliations, while other nations have never or rarely included faith oriented items in their census questionnaires. Contrary to what could be expected with the increased awareness of privacy protection, several European countries, like the United Kingdom, have introduced a census question about religion at the start of the new millennium. This makes an overview of faith questions in the censuses topical both for historical and contemporary studies. This article deals in greatest detail with the differentiation of religion according to the censuses in Norway. Hopefully, this can inspire similar studies on the basis of the international overview of censuses in the first part of the article. After dissenters were allowed from the 1840s, the Norwegian censuses provide one of the longest overviews of the spread of alternative beliefs, from 1865 to 1980. The slow growth is attributable to Norway as an anti-pluralistic society, where the voluntary activity of the independent congregations had difficulty competing with the State Church's professional organization. Local dissenters could still stand strong with up to one third of the population as followers. They had solid bastions especially in along the coasts in the north, the south-east and the south-west, mostly strong positions for alternative Lutheran congregations. Relatively speaking, dissenters were stronger in towns than in the countryside, which among other things can be seen from the predominance of women among the many migrants to urban areas and among the dissenters.

A Study on Factors Affecting the Reception Attitude toward Electronic Medical Record

Abstract The purpose of this study was identified the influence of introducing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) on reception attitude, based on literature investigation, the study converted utility and serviceability from Davis TAM Model into awareness of effects in computerized database except attitude variable. The electronic survey for doctors, nurses, medical technicians of a general hospital located in Gangwon-do was performed for 4 weeks from Nov, 11th, 2009 to Dec, 2nd and the collected data was computerized through SPSS 12.0. The factors influencing reception attitude were divided into 4 categories; basic characteristics of the individual, awareness of privacy protection, awareness of effects in computerized database, technological preparation and measured detailed specific variables. As the result of this, the factors influencing reception intention were different depending on recognizing the effectiveness caused by computerization of medical information. Especially, in terms of the difference between basic characteristics of the individual and awareness of privacy protection, there were significant distinctions among 3 sectors; general, transactional, online information management. The significant effects were identified from information management related to business or online information management depending on experiencing security education.