Aviation Resources Research Articles

Beyond the Checklist: Pilot Education, Aviation Resources, and Health Management Skills

Beyond the Checklist: Pilot Education, Aviation Resources, and Health Management Skills

Research on surface roughness detection and prediction of ti-6Al-4v titanium alloy based on multi-feature fusion

Considering that titanium alloy is a critical aviation resource, ensuring its machining quality is of significant importance. Surface roughness remains a key parameter for surface quality inspection. This article introduces a multi-sensor titanium alloy milling monitoring system aimed at accurately monitoring surface quality during titanium alloy processing. Principal component analysis is conducted on three-dimensional milling force and vibration. We propose a multi-objective cutting parameter optimization procedure to simultaneously optimize multiple cutting parameters to improve surface roughness and tool life. Considering the high dependence of visual measurement on the light source, we strive to mitigate this limitation and improve prediction accuracy by considering one-dimensional and two-dimensional feature values. We establish a multidimensional signal feature surface roughness prediction system based on milling parameters, milling vibration, milling force, and texture image features. Using particle swarm algorithm and machine learning models, the undetermined parameters in the prediction system are obtained. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the multi-signal feature fusion surface roughness prediction system is 99.12%, with a mean square error of less than 0.01. The research can provide some theoretical guidance for the accurate monitoring of the surface quality of titanium alloy processing.

Forecasting air passenger travel: A case study of Norwegian aviation industry

AbstractAccurate forecasting of airline passenger traffic is important for facilitating the effective management and planning of aviation resources. In this study, we explore the air passenger traffic in the Norwegian aviation industry by collecting the passenger flow data and the corresponding measurements of the weather conditions affecting the flow from the different airports in Norway. We then proposed nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) forecasting models to predict air passenger traffic in advance. The NARX models account for the nonlinearity and nonstationarity in the passenger flow and allow the accurate forecasting of air passenger traffic. We perform experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of two variants of the NARX model and compare their performances against long short‐term memory (LSTM), a deep learning method. We show that the proposed NARX model achieves the best prediction accuracy compared to LSTM, which is considered as a state‐of‐the‐art approach for fitting sequential data.

Jodhpur and the aeroplane: aviation and diplomacy in an Indian state 1924-1952.

This paper is a study of the intersection between aviation and diplomacy in the semi-autonomous Indian state of Jodhpur in the final decades of British colonial rule in India. Jodhpur's Maharaja Umaid Singh established a major international aerodrome, patronized one of India's first flying clubs and collaborated with British authorities to make aviation laws for the Indian states. He would also serve in the Royal Air Force during the war and placed Jodhpur state's aviation resources at the disposal of the king-emperor. This paper argues that Jodhpur was able to leverage its aviation resources to wield substantial influence both within and beyond the British Empire through both war and peace. An analysis of Jodhpur's engagement with aviation diplomacy is also revealing of some of the limitations as well as possibilities for the deployment of science diplomacy frameworks, especially in non-Western contexts.

Safety Evaluation Method and Management Strategy for Aviation Flight Plans

Aviation resources in the post-pandemic era are still in short supply. The increasing air traffic flow aggravates flight delays and makes it difficult to ensure aviation safety. Instead of focusing on the economic benefits, this paper proposes a quantitative method for evaluating the safety of flight plans. A flight plan safety index system is constructed through airspace environment modelling and a conflict probability calculation. The proposed method provides a quantitative basis for the management and adjustment of flight plans at the strategic level. Improving the flight plan management strategy from the perspective of conflict avoidance is expected to fundamentally reduce the potential conflict and workload of controllers and pilots during flight and improve the safety level of the whole air transport system. Finally, the performance of the proposed flight plan safety evaluation method is demonstrated through an illustrative air traffic scenario.

Decentralization of Nigeria Air Power: Army’s Drone (UCAV) Reconnaissance, Strike/Fire Complex Combat System

Military power has been a centerpiece in the negotiation of state formation and geopolitical stability. The business of the arm forces of nations has been from a historical perspective anchored on the defense of its sovereign territorial integrity, and the advancement of national interest afar. The advent of the modern state system has seen a reshape in the way and manner with which war is waged. Central to the changes in the conduct of war is the revolution in military affairs. The introduction of aviation resources to the conduct of war in the 20s speaks volumes of the ever-changing strategic environment. The weapon system of the first and second world wars will no doubt be unimaginable to the strategists of the renaissance era. The age of reason has thus passed different phases; the sky has steadily remain a significant part of the domain of warfare. However, the nature of warfare has not remained stagnant. Airpower, which is the weaponization of aviation resources have passed through various phases. Airpower no doubt emerged in the war toolkit of the symmetric threat environment of the twenties, but its demand in the asymmetric threat environment of the 21st century has led to more innovation in capabilities, nature, and missions, and debate for a policy change in command and control. A debate, whose literatures were all-encompassing in the American discourses on strategy, capability, and operations. This article brings the debate on the changing role of airpower, and the need for more reliance on drones and decentralized command and control between the Airforce and the Army in the current threat environment, from a Nigerian perspective. As the battle against Boko Haram ranges, the need for arm overwatch and arm overmatch that aids maneuvering the battlefield and it gray zones to defeat the terrorism, and guerrilla insurgent groups becomes critical in shaping the northeast theater in the image of the Nigerian positive peace. Therefore, the need for drone ISR and fire/strike capabilities to become organic to surface forces, in tonaid the encirclement and obliteration of enemy through observation, orientation, decision, and actions line of operation, which is the critical role of effective battlefield operating system, a mechanism the theater commander employs combat power towards the destruction or exhuastion of the enemy. It should be noted that this article relied on secondary data collection.

Amplified British Aviation Authority in Africa, 1947–1960: Regulation of Low-cost Overseas Airlines

ABSTRACT Britain first exerted considerable civil and military aerial authority in Africa in the 1920s and 1930s. The occasional but striking presence of British pioneer pilots and aircraft was soon followed by formal agreements about Empire airbases, and operation of imperial airline service. During the Second World War, all British aviation resources in Africa were tailored to mobilising and executing military action. At the end of the War, Britain’s nationalised airline resumed scheduled commercial services to and from Africa. In the post-War Commonwealth there was demand for air services at lower prices than Britain’s flag-carrying airline offered. Private charter airlines provided long-haul but low-cost ‘trooping’ flights, ‘colonial coach’ passenger flights, and ‘tramp’ cargo flights, and consolidated and extended British aerial presence and influence in Africa. Mostly, London set and managed the regulatory regime under which they operated. Coloniality provided a key licensing element. In the 1950s, before widespread decolonisation, the authority for the least expensive long-haul flying across Africa vested in layers of complex regulation in Britain.

MEDICAL SAILING DIRECTIONS OF NORTHERN SEA ROUTE

Arctic territory of Russia is a very important strategic and economic region. In accordance of State politic it’s importance to development and supporting of Arctic regions. The authors are aim for revealing of medical supporting amount in North Sea Route (NSR). From this aim it was set tasks: to estimate a structure of medical facilities in seaports of Arctic ocean: to identify a medical qualification about sea medicine in medical facilities; to check a syatistical documents about morbidity, traumatism and death between seamen; to estimate an Russian and international cooperation in Arctic sea medicine. In results were revealed as positive well as problems in medical supporting work. At Western sector of NSR in seaports located a wide multitype clinics that provided a full specialized medical aid. A medical aid in Eastern side may realize by general practitioners in local facilities or by force medical hospitals. They make only primary medical-sanitary aid. A specialized medical aid realized only with sanitary aviation resources by evacuation of patient throw hundreds kilometers to big clinics. Authors detected a lot problem that accordance a medical supporting. They specified for Eastern side of NSR: a great distance between settlements, old and destructed medical facilities, insufciency of medics (especially emergency specialists), it is necessary to interdepartmental coordination of Healthcare management and a medical documentation is not satisfy the International convention requirements. It was attempted to comprehend a problems for Public Healthcare about sailors and other professional groups that work in Polar territory.

Air Passenger Image Construction Based on Data Mining Technology

This paper aims to reduce the airline’s vacancy rate and make full use of aviation resources to increase the profit by constructing the air passenger image model and forecasting the passenger loss rate based on mining data technology. Firstly, this paper groups the passengers to establish the LRFMC model and obtain the weights of the five indicators by AHP analytic hierarchy process. After weighting the five indicators, the K-means rapid clustering method is used to cluster the passengers. Secondly, construct a logistic regression model to predict the probability of loss. Lastly, based on the conclusions of the established passenger segmentation and loss model, different services and marketing strategies are proposed for different travel groups to attract passengers to take flights and to improve attendance and benefits.

A Collaborative Route Optimization Model for Regional Multi-Airport System

In this paper, the author set up an index system on the airport collaboration of the multi-airport system (MAS), including the number of external routes, the total cost of the route network, the passenger volume of the MAS, the airport primacy ratio, the route repetition rate, the capacity utilization and the purpose matching rate of airport. Next, the airports within the same MAS are regarded as one airport in the general sense, and the ground transit between the internal airports and the external routes from the single airport are combined to satisfy the demand for passenger transport in the MAS. On this basis, a mathematical model was constructed for collaborative optimization of the route network of the MAS, and used to determine the transit airport and its passenger volume. The indices were transformed into constraints and optimization objectives. Taking the MAS in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region for example, the model settings and parameters were further refined. Through model simulation, the collaborative optimization model was further improved, allowing two internal airports to serve as transit airports. The empirical results show that the collaborative optimization successfully improved the overall efficiency of the MAS, clarified the division of labor among the internal airports and balanced the allocation of aviation resources.

Large airtanker use and outcomes in suppressing wildland fires in the United States

Wildfire activity in the United States incurs substantial costs and losses, and presents challenges to federal, state, tribal and local agencies that have responsibility for wildfire management. Beyond the potential socioeconomic and ecological losses, and the monetary costs to taxpayers due to suppression, wildfire management is a dangerous occupation. Aviation resources, in particular large airtankers, currently play a critical role in wildfire management, and account for a relatively large share of both suppression expenditure and firefighting fatalities. A recent airtanker modernisation strategy released by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the US Department of Interior highlighted cost effectiveness as the fundamental tenet of both the replacement strategy and the use of aerial firefighting resources. However, determining the cost effectiveness of alternative airtanker fleets is challenging due to limited data and substantial uncertainty regarding aerial firefighting effectiveness. In this paper, we significantly expand on current airtanker usage and effectiveness knowledge, by incorporating spatially explicit drop location data linked to firefighting resource orders to better identify the period in the fire history when drops occurred, and through characterisation of the resulting outcomes of fires that received drops during initial attack. Our results confirm earlier work suggesting extensive use of large airtankers on extended attack, despite policy suggesting priority use in initial attack. Further, results suggest that containment rates for fires receiving large airtanker use during initial attack are quite low. We explore possible causes for these results, address potential limitations with our methods and data, and offer recommendations for improvements in data collection and aviation management.

Developing an Aviation Exposure Index to Inform Risk-Based Fire Management Decisions

Wildland firefighting is an inherently dangerous activity, and aviation-related accidents in particular comprise a large share of firefighter fatalities. Due to limited understanding of operational factors that lead to aviation accidents, it is unclear how local decisionmakers, responsible for requesting aviation support, can mitigate the risk of an aviation accident once resources are requested. This research expands the knowledge base regarding the quantification and analysis of aerial firefighting exposure by developing methods to evaluate expected aviation accident rates at the incident level using a metric called the aviation exposure index (AEI). Our analysis is based on coupling historical aviation accident rates (10-year average) with observed aviation resource use. As an example of the applicability of the approach, we present results according to aircraft type, unique incident, and incident jurisdiction for large wildfires that occurred during the 2012 US fire season. Ideally, the AEI could be automatically calculated and incorporated into incident decision support systems to help guide fire managers as they balance the complicated tradeoffs between attaining wildfire management objectives and reducing the exposure of individuals engaged in aerial firefighting activities.

ANALYSIS OF AIRSPACE ORGANIZATION CONSIDERING AIR TRAFFIC FLOWS

Aviation is one of the most rapidly developing types of transport playing a crucial role in the modern world. Aviation has a sensitive response to any economic or social changes and painful aviation catastrophes. In spite of increasing the flows of passengers and flights, for certain reasons, the aviation system does not always satisfy the expectations of the airspace users in the sense of efficiency. The effectiveness of air transport operations is determined by both a reduction in the costs of every airspace user and the efficiency of the air traffic management system. Airspace organization performed by the air traffic management system, i.e. its adaptation to the performance of appropriate air navigation services, largely defines the efficiency of these services. Due to various reasons, presently, the area of airspace and airspace management has remained one of the largest and incompletely used aviation resources. Beside other appropriate means, the organization of air traffic management and airspace establishes flight conditions and determines the efficiency of flight trajectories and regularity. A comparison of air traffic management systems of different regions identifies the obstacles that do not allow ensuring the maximum results of flight efficiency in any place. One of the main reasons is the high fragmentation of the specified regions that mostly coincide with the state borders. The above reasons show that in order to efficiently develop aviation, the successful development of that to the extent of one country is not enough. Thus, the best results will only be reached solving the existing problems and intended challenges to the extent of a few countries – up to the extent of the whole region. The aim of research is to define a methodology allowing the organization of regional airspace according to the flows of air traffic and subsequently enabling to solve flight efficiency problems related to air traffic management. For space evaluation, the paper suggests using rectangular grids the application of which makes possible dividing the researched space more easily and exactly. Considering the examples of air traffic management systems demonstrating the best results of efficiency, it can be exactly assumed about the number of possible airspace blocks complying with the flows of flights in the analyzed airspace. In case, a preliminary number of the wanted clusters is known, it is purposeful to apply the method of the cluster analysis of K-means with necessary limitations to the formed building airspace blocks and to determine the optimum version taking into account the analyzed ones. The paper suggests representing points having appropriate weighted coefficients during the stage of clustering rather than using grid cells. The optimization of the obtained airspace blocks is necessary in case the formed blocks do not properly comply with the aims raised. The application of the methodology suggested in the paper enables dividing the airspace of a big territory into airspace blocks according to the flows of flights independent from the air way network, flight intensity and the collocation of the airspace elements of a special purpose.

On the horizon: The role of aviation in local emergency management planning

The authors wished to identify available guidance for local emergency management agencies (LEMAs) on the use of aviation resources in local emergency management (EM) planning. If handled properly, aviation is a proven asset that can be effectively used before, during, and after emergencies.The authors determined that literature on LEMA planning provides little evidence of local governments systematically addressing the role of aviation in their planning for emergencies. Most localities could improve their response capabilities if they integrate aviation into their planning. To provide ideas and to spur discussion in the LEMA community, this article addresses the current position of aviation in local emergency planning, what aspects of the role of aviation in emergencies that LEMAs should take into account including federal and state authority in EM aviation, and possible means and templates to assist LEMAs in incorporating aviation into their planning.

Prepped for Departure: Sources of Information for Aviators

While some may joke the only information a pilot needs to know is which way is up and which way is down, the information needs of the aviator are easily equal to the most advanced scholar, doctor, or lawyer. Much has been written about communication between pilots, crew, and air traffic control but little has been written about information needs once the pilot is on the ground. Professional organizations, government entities, and corporate vendors have a wealth of information to share with aviators, just as in any other professional field and keeping up with a highly evolving industry is important through product reviews, news briefs, and government regulation updates. Pilots may obtain information from six general categories; (a) publishers; (b) textbooks, handbooks and manuals; (c) scholarly journals; (d) databases and indexes; (e) websites and listservs; and (c) air shows and conferences. With a variety of information sources to choose from, making it simple for aviation instructors and students to find the resources they need to produce scholarship is important, especially since most of the information they are familiar with come from online sources. Subject guides offering links to government and professional websites, as well as professional journals, bridge the information gap from trade magazines to scholarly sources for aviation professors and students. Academic librarians often create such subject guides as quick starting points as a way to align the pilot with the research runway before he takes off, so to speak. Heidi Blackburn, undergraduate services librarian, prepared the following aviation resources guide with the consultation services of Capt. Mitchell Edwards, Civil Air Patrol, Air Force Auxiliary and Thomas Karcz, Assistant Professor, Department of Aviation, Kansas State University.

A Short Guide for Aviation Resources for Community College Libraries

Community colleges are often venues for flight training programs. Since such programs are often housed off-campus at a local airport, the library may not even be aware of their existence. These programs range from small single courses done in conjunction with a local airport to full-fledged varieties with a fleet of aircraft owned by the college. This article reviews fundamental library needs for such programs and also provides some background for librarians on what such programs encompass and may require.

Problems of modern systems of logistical support in civil aviation

Questions of creation of modern system of deliveries of aviation resources directed first of all on increase of efficiency of maintenance service and repair of aviation technics, safety of flights are considered.

Suspicious allies: Wartime aviation developments and the Anglo‐American international airline rivalry, 1939–45

Anglo‐American aviation rivalry began in the late 1930s, when the two powers clashed over landing rights in several small South Pacific islands which each hoped to develop as bases for a trans‐Pacific airline route. When war broke out in Europe, British aviation resources were suddenly and completely diverted to the military effort. Two years later, when the Americans entered the conflict the two sides reached a critical agreement on aircraft production. The British were to focus on producing warplanes while the US would provide them with transport aircraft. This gave the Americans an important technological lead in this domain, which they quickly used to develop services to Britian's African colonies, so gaining a toehold in the empire. These developments greatly affected postwar planning, as the British sought to protect their technologically weak airlines while the US promoted an “open skies” policy safe in the knowledge that the better range, speed, and comfort of their transport aircraft would enable them to dominate world traffic. When the United States hosted an international conference on aviation in 1944, the long‐simmering rivalry burst into public view. In the event technological superiority overwhelmed political agreement.

The French Armée de l'Air in May-June 1940: A Failure of Conception

In an article published in History in 1970, R.H.S. Stolfi showed that during the German Blitzkrieg campaign against France in May and June 1940, it was the French army, not the German, which had the advantage in tank strength and also the better anti-tank guns.' Stolfi's work thus serves to emphasize the degree to which the astonishing success of the German attack depended on the inadequacy of French response at the command level. This article will argue that the French, though at a disadvantage in air strength, also failed to make sufficient use of their aviation resources, thereby compounding a failure of the ground forces which might have been remedied by a more energetic employment of available combat aircraft. For their Western campaign, the German armed forces had available 1,016 Messerschmitt Bf 109E single-seat fighters, as compared to 1,050 single-seat fighters available to the French, Belgians, Dutch air arms and the RAF's Advanced Air Striking Force and the Air Component of the British Expeditionary Force. The German Luftwaffe also had 248 Messerschmitt Bf lOC twin-

Checking Out the Checklist: Evaluation of a Job Performance Aid for Assessing Organizational Resource Management

As a job performance aid, the checklist has been applied to a wide variety of organizational requirements such as task analysis, survey questionnaire development, office automation, and maintenance. Although there are many examples of checklists that have been developed for different organizational requirements, there has been relatively little research performed to evaluate the checklists. One reason for this may be the lack of an acceptable methodology and evaluation criteria. This paper (a) describes a methodology and the criteria developed to evaluate the checklist used to assess the management of aviation resources by Army Reserve Component training facilities and units and (b) summarizes the results of the evaluation. Army National Guard and Army Reserve aviators and aviation technicians used 5-point rating scales to evaluate the Detectability, Importance, and Criticality of the checklist items. A data base was developed to summarize the Detectability, Importance, and Criticality information. In addition, a graphic decision aid was designed to help military managers decide whether to retain, revise, or delete individual checklist items. The methodology and criteria developed for this research may be applicable in other organizational contexts, especially those in which there is a requirement to evaluate an existing checklist and a full-scale validation effort is not feasible.