Aviation Industry Research Articles

Stand characteristics of the GTM 400 MOD turbojet engine

Miniaturization of turbine jet engines not only enables testing of fuel mixtures but also opens up new possibilities for their use in smaller aircraft. In this work, measurements were carried out in the GTM 400 MOD engine in order to create the stand characteristics of unit thrust and specific fuel consumption. For both parameters, polynomials were determined describing their changes in the range of rotational speeds used. The work is the first stage of research under the rector's grant. Its goal is to create a hybrid turbojet engine powered by aviation kerosene and hydrogen. The reason for the research is to check the possibility of using hydrogen in turbomachinery engines. Hydrogen is one of the fuel additives approved for use by the European Union, which forces the aviation industry to reduce exhaust emissions into the atmosphere. Hydrogen can not only enrich aviation kerosene but also become an alternative fuel.

Firm Value and Financial Performance: Impact of Sustainability Disclosure in the Aviation Industry

The Firm Value (FV) and Financial Performance (FP), which cover the firm’s operational and financial outputs, are considered as a set of partial organizational effectiveness and financial attitude of stakeholders. Hence, sustainability disclosures contribute value driver factors for firms to maximize the stakeholder’s benefits. The adoption and impact of sustainability disclosure in various industries have been shown by numerous existing studies. Astonishingly, some studies lack the adoption of sustainability disclosure in the aviation industry. These impacts on FV and FP in the aviation industry have received little attention and remain largely unexplored, despite an increase in the sustainability disclosure implementation. Hence, this work will focus on the sustainability disclosure’s impact on the aviation industry and explore the relationship between sustainability disclosure with FV and FP. Data have been considered from 44 airlines from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database from 2017 to 2022. A study of the result has been analyzed by utilizing multiple Regression Analysis (RA). The outcome displayed that variables of environmental and Governance Pillar Score (GS) have a positive relationship with the FP and FV in the aviation industry. Also, it revealed that the relationship between sustainability disclosure and FV and FP has been significantly moderated by the size of firms.

Green Horizons Ahead: Navigating Carbon Neutrality in European Transportation by Sky and Sea

Abstract Research purpose. As carbon neutrality gains momentum, industries worldwide are navigating the challenges and opportunities posed by sustainability goals. This article delves into the strategies undertaken by airlines and maritime companies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the European Union (EU). The aim of the research is to explore how the aviation and maritime industries in Europe can effectively transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050, considering their similar technological challenges and opportunities. The objective of this research was to identify and compare currently utilized sustainability initiatives in aviation and maritime companies. The focus is on new insight from airline and maritime companies concentrating on their sustainability practices. Common hurdles, innovative solutions, and shared opportunities in the pursuit of environmental sustainability are explored. Design / Methodology / Approach. The selected research method was qualitative research, which was conducted with in-depth and semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Interviews were conducted with airline company and association representatives and maritime company, research, and education experts. The content analysis was based on sustainability reports and sustainability sections of annual reports. Key findings were synthesized into a theoretical framework and this research explores practical initiatives for a sustainable transformation process. Findings. The call to reduce carbon emissions has been initiated by the EU affecting the transportation sector, particularly aviation and maritime industries where the path to achieving carbon neutrality is constrained by significant technical limitations. Despite these challenges, both sectors share a unified objective according to EU climate targets. Both the aviation and maritime industries face challenges on the path to carbon neutrality. Airlines struggle with the limitations of current aviation technology, hindering the feasibility of large-scale technological advancements. Similarly, maritime companies confront regulatory complexities and infrastructure limitations in the adoption of alternative fuels and emission-reduction technologies since the commonly used tactics of reducing fuel consumption by optimizing speed, routes and scheduling are no longer adequate ways and the energy needs of the shipping industry cannot be met only with battery technology. Originality / Value / Practical implications. These challenges offer opportunities for innovation and collaboration. Investments in research and development are driving advancements in electric and hydrogen aircraft, while the maritime industry is also trying to find hydrogen-based solutions for greener development, but the technologies are not widely available. This leads towards combining bio-oils and technological innovations related to the fleet. Case study 1 sheds light on airline sustainability in Europe, revealing strategies and initiatives that European airlines are currently utilizing in their sustainable transformation journey. Case study 2 explores different means of achieving carbon neutrality in the maritime industry, in particular the potential of common reed (Phragmites australis) as a carbon offset tool for reaching net zero. Both industries are making significant strides towards carbon neutrality through a combination of technological innovation, operational efficiencies, and strategic partnerships. Towards green horizons as transport industries converge on the path to carbon neutrality.

Extended flexible capacity planning methodology with flight network contribution to the airline fleet assignment problem

Flexible capacity planning is crucial for the airline industry due to the high fixed cost of assets, notably aircraft ownership, and the fluctuating demand, particularly in response to external shocks like pandemics and political crises. Following the negative consequences of such events on the financial positions of almost all airline companies, there is growing interest in developing more responsive capacity planning structures for cost efficiency in the airline industry. In this study, we present a sequential two-phase methodology for flexible capacity planning and airline fleet assignment considering the factors related to fleeting strategies, passenger demand behavior, and contribution of flights in the network. The first phase of the methodology generates potential scenarios to estimate the number of flights to the destinations, based on the data and the reports provided by two prominent associations in the aviation industry, which incorporate various country-related and airline-related factors, including population, income, routes, airports, and connectivity. The second phase identifies the required number of aircraft for each type within the fleet inventory, taking into account the aircraft utilization rates associated with each scenario. The fleet assignment problem is also reformulated to employ the objective of maximizing total profit of the entire flight network by introducing network contribution and nation/region-specific limitations in this phase. A real case study from Turkey is conducted to illustrate efficiency of the proposed methodology. We also present a comparative study to highlight the impact of network contribution and how fleet size affects the outcomes. We have observed that the inclusion of the network contribution aspect and country constraints has led to a significant improvement in financial indicators and connectivity. The results show that the methodology can effectively tackle challenges in airline transportation problems.

Technological Processes in the Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

Abstract Air transport expansion in recent decades has been continuous. The main aviation fuels used so far are mainly petroleum products, the annual consumption of which (2017) amounts to approximately 300 Mt. The gases emitted by the aviation industry (carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide) exert a powerful pressure on the environment. The development of the aviation industry will also provoke a growing demand for fuels, and the fuels used will deepen the environmental, social and economic effects. This necessitates the implementation of the concept of sustainability of aviation transport and the replacement of conventional with sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). In the coming years, the production of aviation biofuels will increase as part of the use of renewable energy and the development of the circular economy-bioeconomy. This report briefly presents the current status of developed and deployed bioreactive fuels in aviation; certified technologies; the potential raw materials that can be used and an assessment of the economic and environmental characteristics of biokerosenes. The report also indicates global initiatives and policies to promote the use of biofuels, as well as the commitments made by the airlines.

A comprehensive energy flow analysis method based on hydrogen energy to electric energy conversion

Abstract With increasing global concerns about climate change, more and more countries and regions are turning to sustainable energy, and hydrogen energy, as one of the representatives of clean energy, is gradually becoming one of the key areas for development in various countries. Due to its high energy density, easy storage, and pollution-free characteristics, hydrogen energy has been widely used in fields such as automobiles, aviation, and petrochemicals. In the automotive industry, hydrogen energy, as a renewable and clean energy source, has become one of the development directions. Compared to traditional fuel, hydrogen-powered vehicles not only achieve zero emissions but also have higher energy efficiency and can achieve longer range. Currently, multiple countries around the world are accelerating the promotion of hydrogen-powered vehicles and building related infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations. In the aviation field, hydrogen energy also has broad application prospects. Traditional aviation fuel contains a lot of hydrocarbons, so the pollution problem of the aviation industry has been a concern. As a clean and renewable energy source, hydrogen energy not only solves the pollution problem in the aviation industry but also has a very high energy density, providing sufficient power to support aircraft flight. In addition to the automotive and aviation fields, hydrogen energy can also be widely used in the petrochemical industry. Currently, traditional petrochemical production processes emit many harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, greatly affecting environmental quality. By using hydrogen energy, harmful substances such as carbon dioxide generated in traditional petrochemical processes can be converted into renewable resources, thus achieving an environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable production model.

Modern approaches to the formation of systems for evaluating the level of enterprises digitization

The article examines the essence of the concept of digital transformation of enterprises, which includes the introduction of digital technologies into the enterprise's business processes, management processes, and communication processes. The available approaches to assessing the level of digital transformation of enterprises, which is a necessary tool for further development strategy, were analyzed. It was determined that existing studies and scientific publications on the formation of systems for evaluating the level of digital development need some refinement, taking into account the specifics of the enterprises to which they are applied. A unique approach to forming an assessment of the level of digital transformation of aviation enterprises was proposed, according to which it is proposed to apply an integral assessment that takes into account indices of digital activity, maturity and interaction. The advantage of this approach is taking into account the specific processes inherent in aviation industry enterprises and forming a tool that allows you to assess the possibility of functioning of various aviation market subjects in a single information field. Special attention was paid to the method of calculating indicators that are part of the indices of digital activity, maturity and interaction. Thus, the assessment of the level of digital transformation of aviation enterprises will allow in the future to develop a joint strategy for the formation of a digital space in which the subjects of the aviation market will function.

Financial Risk of Airlines in Indonesia Case Study of Kualanamo (Medan) to Soekarno-Hatta (Cengkareng) Flight Route

This reseach aims to identify and analyze the financial risks faced by airlines in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the Kualanamo (Medan) to Soekarno-Hatta (Cengkareng) flight route. Using a case study approach, the study evaluated a range of factors influencing financial risk, including fluctuations in fuel prices, currency exchange rate volatility, market competition, and regulatory changes. Data was collected through interviews with airline financial managers, analysis of financial statements, and review of related literature. The results showed that fluctuations in fuel prices and exchange rates are the main factors contributing to financial risk. In addition, intense competition and regulatory changes have also had a significant impact on the airline's financial stability. This research provides recommendations for risk mitigation strategies that airlines can implement to improve their financial resilience. The implications of these findings are expected to assist financial managers and policymakers in designing more effective policies to manage financial risks in the aviation industry.

Sustainable Governance for Promotional Market Competitiveness in Chinese Airports after COVID-19

Like many countries, China’s airports faced severe operational challenges after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, this predicament has been better mitigated by the Chinese government’s strong support for the aviation industry. However, whether this supportive policy can ensure the sustainable development of the industry needs to be further evaluated. In order to better understand the role of government promotional policies, this paper attempts to explore the driving mechanisms behind the sustainable development performance of Chinese airports. Using the bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, this study evaluates the operational efficiency of 43 major airports over the period from 2015 to 2022. The efficiency scores are compared with the regional distributions of supply and demand factors, as well as the different sizes based on their annual passenger throughput. The overall operational efficiency showed a fluctuating trend of an initial increase followed by a decline due to COVID-19, with significant regional disparities in airport efficiency. Regional differences are evident, with the eastern region having the highest efficiency value of 0.719, while the central region has the lowest efficiency of 0.594. The findings show that airports in the eastern region perform the best due to the proactive market support with rapidly increasing logistics demand, while airports in the west and northeast regions supported by the strong promotional policies follow closely in terms of operational efficiency. In contrast, airports in the central region are much less efficient due to the lack of market or policy support. To analyze more precisely this conflict on the governance, further analyses show that airport size also has a significant impact on the operational efficiency. Larger airports are typically more efficient, while smaller airports are less efficient, implying the market demand is slightly better to promote the airport operational efficiency than the promotional policies. These findings help us to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism in the sustainable governance behind the operational efficiency of airports and suggest that more market-oriented appropriate policy direction is required to enhance the competitiveness of the aviation industry. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders of the developing countries as well, underlining the necessity not for supply-driven policies, but for the demand–pull efforts to optimize resource allocation and adapt to evolving market dynamics.

Uncontrolled reentries of space objects and aviation safety

There is a growing risk to aircraft in flight from collisions with debris produced by the breakup of uncontrolled rocket bodies and satellites during atmospheric reentry. On one hand, the aviation industry has grown to almost 39 million flights per year, with a 63 % increase between 2004 and 2019. On the other hand, the number of successful rocket launches more than doubled between 2015 and 2023, from 87 to 212, respectively. During those 212 launches in 2023, 128 rocket bodies were abandoned in orbit, left to reenter uncontrollably. Such uncontrolled space object reentries are hard to predict, making mitigation measures difficult. In November 2022, a reentering Long March 5B rocket caused the closure of airspace over Europe, delaying 645 flights and having a plausible economic impact of millions of Euros. There are international and domestic laws that might enable the recovery of economic losses resulting from uncontrolled reentries, but such losses should not be allowed to occur in the first place. Instead of leaving the location of a reentry to chance, controlled reentries can be achieved with existing technologies and mission designs, directing reentries away from areas of high aircraft traffic. Moving to a controlled reentry regime would create a cost to space operators – but that cost is currently being externalized to the aviation industry. Multilateral solutions to create a controlled reentry regime should be pursued, as recommended in the 2023 Montreal Recommendations on Aviation Safety and Uncontrolled Space Object Reentries, before there is a tragedy caused by an aircraft collision with debris from a rocket body or satellite.

DelayDetect: Pre-takeoff Delay Anticipation

Abstract: Flight delays pose significant challenges to both passengers and airlines, leading to inconvenience, financial losses, and operational disruptions. A comprehensive system is introduced to address the issue of airline flight delays through the application of machine learning models. Leveraging comprehensive datasets encompassing historical flight records, meteorological data, airport congestion patterns and other variables, this model aims to construct predictive models capable of accurately forecasting the probability of flight delays. Various machine learning methodologies including random forests and regression models, are systematically examined in this predictive task. Performance evaluation is conducted employing established metrics such as accuracy and precision. In conclusion, flight delay anticipation is a valuable tool that can revolutionize the aviation industry by minimizing disruptions, reducing costs, and increasing passenger satisfaction.

АСПЕКТИ ПОБУДОВИ СИСТЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДЖЕРЕЛ РОЗОСЕРЕДЖЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ

The aviation industry is a component of the transport structure of any developed country. In Ukraine, among other types of transport, air transport occupied a worthy place before the armed confrontation. Undoubtedly, the time will come and the further restoration of air transport in Ukraine is inevitable. Unmanned aerial vehicles, which have become indispensable components of reconnaissance operations, are also actively developing today. The main factor in ensuring the functioning of aviation enterprises is electricity supply. Undoubtedly, the power supply systems of aviation enterprises are made with double redundancy, however, as world and domestic experience shows, there is still a need to increase the level of reliability of the power supply systems of aviation enterprises. Therefore, the task of introducing additional generating capacities into the power supply systems of aviation enterprises remains relevant. The advantages of implementing the proposed power supply scheme for aviation enterprises using distributed sources of electrical energy are: the block structure of the system, which consists of typical electrotechnological devices, which makes it possible to relatively quickly provide electricity to responsible consumers of electrical energy, and makes it possible to increase generation capacity in the future. Meanwhile, today's promising ones are electric energy accumulators based on hydrogen technologies, among which fuel cells should be singled out. Not the last role is played by the safety of operating fuel cells in the conditions of aviation enterprises, which maintains aviation safety at a sufficient level. The article highlights the vision proposed by the authors regarding the reconfiguration of the existing power supply systems of aviation enterprises using sources of distributed generation. This approach should increase the safety of operation by accumulating systems on the reliability of power supply systems of aviation enterprises. The proposed power supply system using sources of distributed generation for operation in the conditions of aviation enterprises makes it possible for the power supply system of these enterprises to acquire new properties due to the modularity of generating units of sources of distributed generation of electric energy.

Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines

This comprehensive review examines the role of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) in promoting a more environmentally responsible aviation industry. This study explores various types of biofuels, including hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFAs), Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuels, alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) fuels, and oil derived from algae. Technological advancements in production and processing have enabled SAF to offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, contributing to a cleaner environment and better air quality. The review addresses the environmental, economic, and technical benefits of SAF, as well as the challenges associated with their adoption. Lifecycle analyses are used to assess the net environmental benefits of SAF, with a focus on feedstock sustainability, energy efficiency, and potential impacts on biodiversity and land use. Challenges such as economic viability, scalability, and regulatory compliance are discussed, with emphasis on the need for supportive policies and international collaboration to ensure the long-term sustainability of SAF. This study also explores current applications of SAF in commercial airlines and military settings, highlighting successful case studies and regional differences driven by policy frameworks and government incentives. By promoting technological innovation and addressing regulatory and economic barriers, SAF has the potential to play a crucial role in the aviation industry’s transition toward sustainability.

Integrated catalytic approach for advanced biofuel production from renewable ABE fermentation

This study focuses on advancing the production of sustainable aviation biofuels by employing a one-pot integrated catalytic approach to convert Clostridium beijerinckii strain SR-44 ABE fermentation products into higher-value compounds, specifically ketones, using Pd/Ni@BNNS bimetallic catalysts. The influence of various parameters, such as salting-out agents, temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time, significantly improved the ABE conversion to 98% with 86% higher ketone (C5–C11) selectivity. Furthermore, the heterogeneity and recyclability of the Pd/Ni @BNNSs catalyst were investigated, confirming its suitability for industrial-scale applications. By advancing biofuel synthesis technology and overcoming the drawbacks of conventional biofuels, this study contributes to the mitigation of the environmental and energy challenges facing the aviation industry.

Improving Team Members' Attention During the OR Briefing or Time Out.

Effective coordination among health care professionals is crucial to achieving optimal outcomes. In the OR, even minor errors can have catastrophic consequences. To mitigate the risk of error, health care professionals have adopted a briefing culture like that used in the aviation industry. Briefings are essential to ensure that everyone involved in a procedure knows the plan and potential risks and is prepared to perform their duties safely and effectively. The fundamental human sense involved in briefings is auditory perception; although important, hearing alone does not equate to focused attention. To enhance the efficacy of briefings, engaging the use of a second sense by adding a visual checklist may increase attentiveness and the chances of early error detection and prevention. Using a projection device may enhance all team members' engagement and participation during the briefing or time-out process and can be an effective tool for improving communication and reducing errors.

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPETENCY AND TRAINING PERSPECTIVES AMONG AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

The aim of the study was to examine air traffic controllers’ perspectives on competency, performance, and training. Analysing data from 182 participants, the results revealed a strong focus on competency with the controllers actively evaluating their skills. Notably, the experienced controllers (19+ years) displayed a heightened commitment to continuous learning, reflected in their higher participation in individual training and perception of its value for their career goals and adaptation to the evolving aviation industry. Competency-based training programs also received positive feedback across experience levels, highlighting their potential effectiveness. Moreover, training was universally perceived as key to performance throughout careers. These results highlighted the importance of fostering a culture of continuous learning within air traffic control (ATC) communities. Aviation authorities can support this by providing diverse training opportunities, including individual and competency-based programs. Future research should continue investigating the impact of technological advancements and AI/machine learning on ATC competencies, the effectiveness of competency-based training programs, and the role of individual training in competency development, ultimately ensuring the vital role of air traffic controllers in aviation safety.

Air India pee gate case – need for comprehensive SOPs in customer management

Learning outcomes This case study allows students to appreciate the value of standard operating procedures in customer management. This case study emphasises the role of employees in delivering superior customer experience. This case study explores many facets of customer experience, reputation, social class membership and standard operating procedures (SOPs). Students will be able to apply theories of customer experience, behavioural psychology and service dimensions relevant to the airline industry. After completing this case study, students will be able to do the following:1. Evaluate the value of SOPs in Customer ManagementThis case study refers to the need for adhering to SOPs to deal with complex situations. Students will be able to evaluate whether compliance to SOPs could have helped Air India avoid the crisis or was it possible that a culture of absolute commitment to customer wellbeing could have prevented the crisis.2. Apply the theory of defensive attribution in customer grievance handling. Discuss if reducing customer effort in getting their problem solved can result in superior customer service.The victim had attributed the blame for not insisting on filing a complaint to the crew. Air India crew had defended their actions or lack of it by stating that they had followed the rule book. Students will be able to appreciate the need for a swift redressal mechanism to protect the self-image and self-esteem of the person/group involved. They will also understand that customer service interactions designed to solve customer problems swiftly and easily can be a very simple dictum to guide all employees in their decision-making while handling a customer complaint. 3. Evaluate the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer experience and examine the value of net promoter score (NPS) to study customer satisfaction. Air India Airlines was catering to varied customer groups such as the Indian diaspora, large student population pursuing education abroad, first-time flyers and the rising middle class with travel aspirations. Customer expectations vary across segments and change over their lifetime. Airline staff must trace customer corridors and deliver on customer expectation across the touch points that matter to them to ensure meaningful and relevant service delivery. Students will have an opportunity to evaluate the NPS in measuring customer satisfaction and debate whether it is a sufficient metric to guide the organisation on delivering and monitoring customer experience. 4. Examine why reputation risk management and not crisis management should be the focus of Air India in delivering superior customer service because nearly 70%–80% of market value for a company comes from its intangible assets such as brand equity and reputation. Students will discuss crisis management i.e. handling the threat to reputation after it has occurred and reputation risk management i.e. proactively managing potential threats to its reputation by taking timely actions to avoid or mitigate it. There are three factors (reputation reality gap, changing beliefs and expectation and weak internal coordination) that determine reputational risks. Students can evaluate this model to determine if Air India should address these three factors to manage its reputation proactively. Case overview/synopsis This case study is set around an incident that happened on 26 November 2022, on Air India flight bound for Delhi from New York when an inebriated 34-year-old man had peed on a 72-year-old woman. The perpetrator of the crime had walked free, and the victim was left dissatisfied with how the cabin crew had handled her ordeal. Air India Airlines was launched in 1932 by industrialist JRD Tata and nationalised in 1953. In 2021, Tata Group acquired the 90-year-old Air India from the Government of India for $2.4bn (INR 18,000 crore) and appointed Campbell Wilson as chief executive officer and managing director. The incident brought to the fore the customer management issues that Wilson had to address. First on the list of Air India’s turnaround plan was delivering “exceptional customer experience”. How was it going to achieve it because the Indian aviation ecosystem lacked infrastructure such as airports, airspace, competition and customer preference-based services? There was also shortage of pilots, engineers, technicians, air-traffic controllers and technocrats to occupy positions within security agencies and regulatory bodies. With Air India’s acquisition, the Tata Group had to find innovative solutions to deal with decades of internal neglect, non-performance and labour union problems. This case study is relevant to address real issues of customer experience, consumer psychology, reputation risk management and standard operating procedures in service management. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate level students of business management. It can also be used for training service personnel of aviation industry. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing

Experimental investigation of suction and oscillatory blowing as an alternative for a leading edge slat

High lift devices such as flaps and slats have conventionally served in multi-element wings to enhance aerodynamic performances in general, and lift in particular. However, more innovative solutions are required to address the evolving challenges the aviation industry faces to reach higher lift capabilities. Active flow control (AFC) has been studied for many years but applications have remained strictly experimental and did not reach any widespread industrial use to enhance aerodynamic performance. This experimental study investigates applying a novel AFC concept to a high-lift wing configuration to replace the slat with AFC actuators that incorporate suction and oscillatory blowing (SaOB) into the main element of a thick airfoil. The multi-element wing is equipped with an AFC system to investigate the possibility of replacing the leading edge slat with an AFC actuator. The benefits of having an AFC system acting as a virtual slat are discussed quantitatively, with experimental results, and practically as an efficient solution for designing a lighter and more capable high-lift device. This research aims to characterize the application of AFC to a wing in terms of aerodynamics and energy efficiency.

Economic impacts of power-to-liquid fuels in aviation: A general equilibrium analysis of production and utilization in Germany

The aviation industry faces an urgent need to adopt sustainable aviation fuels for significant decarbonization. Power-to-Liquid (PtL) fuel is considered a potential game changer, but questions remain about the wider economic impacts of introducing PtL fuel in the aviation sector. This paper examines the economic impacts of introducing PtL fuel blending quotas along with a price policy consisting of a kerosene tax and PtL fuel subsidies for the case of Germany. Based on a detailed supply chain analysis, we apply a social accounting matrix and a computable general equilibrium model to take into account both, the production and utilization perspectives of PtL jet fuel. Our results show that the influence of low blending quotas is mainly limited to the aviation sector, with a 10 % blending quota increasing consumer prices by 7.9 % and reducing aviation industry output by 3.1 %. When quota levels increase, however, the effects go beyond the air transport system. On inter-sectoral level, we identify three main patterns: First, industries that substantially contribute to the PtL fuel supply chain, such as metal products and electrical equipment, see increasing levels in both, domestic production, and imports. Second, aviation upstream industries like transport infrastructure and aircraft production see reduced domestic production and imports. Third, aviation downstream industries, such as delivery services and travel agencies, see substitution effects, where imports partly replace domestic output. Macroeconomic indicators are affected negatively by the quota scenarios, but the relative impact is low as the maximum decrease in the gross domestic product (GDP) does not exceed 0.35 %. PtL fuel production subsidies can largely mitigate the decrease in aviation demand but come at the cost of a stronger reduction in the GDP and government income. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis emphasizes that various assumptions and parameters, such as the cost projections of PtL fuel, import options, and elasticities of demand, affect the intensity of economic consequences. Our analysis implies the trade-offs of policymaking between sectoral and macroeconomic interests in the context of sustainable fuels. The main contribution of this study is the investigation of the broader economic effects resulting from the adoption of PtL fuels in aviation. In particular, the production as well as the utilization perspective are considered simultaneously in this study.

Predictive Maintenance in Aviation using Artificial Intelligence

Predictive maintenance in aviation using artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way aircraft are maintained and operated. By analyzing data from various aircraft sensors, AI algorithms can predict potential failures before they happen, allowing for timely and efficient maintenance. This proactive approach reduces unplanned downtime, enhances safety, and lowers maintenance costs. The implementation of AI in predictive maintenance leverages technologies such as machine learning, data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor and analyze the health of aircraft components continuously. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of how AI-driven predictive maintenance works, its benefits, and its impact on the aviation industry, making it easier for anyone to understand its significance and potential.