Aviation Engineers Research Articles

АВИАЦИОННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ АВИАТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

The article reveals an analysis of te state and prospects for the development of aviation education in Russia. Data are presented characterizing the Russian air transport market, the potential of the material infrastructure of civil aviation, and restrictive measures introduced in relation to aircraft and the aviation industry. The complexity of staffing management in the air transport industry under conditions of uncertainty and the influence of geopolitical factors is revealed. Innovative tools have been structured to improve curricula for training technical specialists and basic educational programs, additional and advanced training programs that create conditions for continuous education and professional development of specialists in the aviation industry. The key factors influencing personnel training in the air transport industry have been identified. Measures to improve the education system in accordance with the requirements of the modern market are summarized. The authors summarize the importance of training for the air transport industry in ensuring the professional development of future pilots, aviation engineers, technicians and other professionals.

A Review on Strategies to Reduce Fuel Consumption in Different Phases of Flight

Abstract: Fuel consumption is a critical aspect of aviation that directly impacts the cost, safety, and environmental impact of air travel. Aircraft require significant amounts of fuel to power their engines and maintain their altitude and speed during flight. Therefore, optimizing fuel consumption is a key priority for airlines, pilots, and aviation engineers. By understanding the factors that affect fuel consumption airlines can develop fuel-efficient flight plans and operational procedures that reduce costs and minimize the environmental impact of air travel. Research on ways to reduce fuel consumption are ongoing and lots of investment and research is required to improve the efficiency and sustainability of air transportation. In this review paper we will be discussing the ways airlines can reduce overall fuel burn in different phases of flight by using certain methods and procedures.

Educational Requirements for Aviation and Automotive Engineering

Technical progress is rapid in aviation and automotive engineering. Even if these branches are different in many ways, they also have similarities, especially in the technical and service sectors. Quite a few technological innovations were first used in aircraft, and, after a few years, those innovations received their own applications in automotive engineering. Because of rapid technical development, it is important to determine what knowledge and skills will be needed in the future. This information also predicts the main directions for the education of future mechanics. The main focus of our study was to get respondents (N=81) – experts in the field – to consider their professional competencies from various views and in different time periods, according to the Janus Cones method. Our survey describes future professional competencies that will be necessary for successful working in aircraft technology and automotive engineering. The result of the study is that skills and knowledge need to be used widely, creatively and combined with thinking to produce a new type of knowledge for competence in a certain context. A thematic content analysis led to the components of professional competencies for aircraft technology and automotive engineering being subsumed under five common categories: vehicle technology and proficiency, quality and environment, safety and security, general skills and knowledge, and customer service. Four of these competencies are clearly context bound to aviation and automotive engineering; however, they might also be usable in other technological branches and various study programmes. General skills and knowledge were the only components that referred to general competencies. The results of this study are intended to help with planning curricula that will meet the needs of the next generation of aviation and automotive engineers.

So You're Posted into CASG - An Aviation Engineers and Logistics Perspective

Warrant Officer (WOFF) David Turnbull provided his insight and point of view (Turnbull, 2023) on the struggle of getting the best people into Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group (CASG). Whilst it is a great read and the scene is set for further nail-biting episodes, the one standout observable from my point of view is that his theme is focussed on the ability or struggle of encouraging Enlisted Aviators to seek employment within CASG. This is different from the point of view of commissioned aviator ranks. Aviators within the aviation Engineers and Logistics (ENGLOG) categories, posting into various CASG System Program Offices (SPO) is inevitable. Unlike the Enlisted Aviators, aviation ENGLOG can expect a posting into a SPO at each rank band in between the ‘fun’ postings; Junior Officer (JO), Squadron Leader (SQNLDR), Wing Commander (WGCDR) and Group Captain. But the SPO ‘fun’ doesn’t stop there because then there are CASG Branch level postings for Air Commodore and Air Vice Marshal.

On the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Vladimir Fedorovich Roshchin

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of a distinguished scholar, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Master of Sciences and Engineering of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Lenin Prize – Vladimir Fedorovich Roshchin, who headed the Aerodynamics and Flight Dynamics Chair of the Moscow Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers (MICAE, the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation at the present time) in the 70s. The certain biographical details about the researcher and his career highlights are given. The synergy of V.F. Roshchin as a student of the Moscow Aviation Institute with S.P. Korolev was of utmost significance. S.P. Korolev became not only a Director of Diploma for the graduate, but also a Mentor, a vivid personality who developed the area of expertise, influenced the evolvement of intellectual assets and the formation of a young professional, taught the proficiency of cooperation in a team of supporters. Thanks to his great abilities, Vladimir Fedorovich, among the best graduates of the Moscow Aviation Institute, was personally employed by S.P. Korolev, who headed EDB-1. Thus, he started his career in the innovative and developing branch of aerospace technology. Having climbed a career ladder from an engineer to a head of the research-engineering section, Vladimir Fedorovich was engaged in theoretical and experimental research of aerogasdynamic, thermophysical and ballistic problems of the head parts of rockets and launched space vehicles. The scientist achieved the National Awards for the launch operations of the first manned spacecraft "Vostok-1" with the cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin, the study of the shape and rotor recovery landing system of the Soyuz spacecraft and a series of other contributions. The article mentions the scientist’s engagement with the unique cooperative scientific projects, particularly with joint authors from the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI) to design an unconventional craft "Vertostat". This paper emphasizes the timespan of V.F. Roshchin, associated with work in MICAE (MSTUCA), his teaching, scientific, management activities. The personal qualities of the talented scientist such as bright individuality, broad education, phenomenal professional memory, undoubted erudition, valuable management skills, genuine commitment to science, independence of views, absolute honesty and integrity are noted. It is highlighted that V.F. Roshchin found his true vocation, fostered graduates and followers.

Path Following for Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles Using Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Guidance

An effective path-following guidance algorithm for unmanned combat aerial vehicles by pursuing a look-ahead target-point along the desired path is devised. The concept of look-ahead pursuit for 3-D path-following was extended from the planar <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {L}_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> guidance, which has been widely adopted in the application of lateral guidance of fixed-wing drone. Decoupled implementation of the planar guidance action on each of the longitudinal (vertical) and lateral (horizontal) planes supplies longitudinal-lateral acceleration commands in two perpendicular planes which is well accepted by aviation engineers. The computation of the look-ahead point utilizes a finite and iterative numerical search method by introducing an auxiliary path-related parameter. Furthermore, additional implementation-specific details such as the modification of adaptive <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {L}_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> length and the protection strategies ensuring wide applicability of the algorithm indeed guarantee certain necessity to be considered in real implementation of the guidance law. The improved schemes eliminate complicated coordinate transformations and are built on the path-independent assumption, thus making them easier to be adjusted between various types of paths, including discrete optimal trajectories. Monte Carlo simulations and real-world flight tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the nonlinear guidance algorithm.

EVALUATION OF GARBLED REPLIES FOR AIRCRAFTS INTERROGATED BY SSR SYSTEM

In aviation, an undesirable phenomenon that can occur with increased airport traffic is garbling. The main problem is that if two aircraft are within a short critical distance to each other, the replay messages (response signals) can overlap. To better understand the garbling phenomenon by aviation students and engineers and to prevent the occurrence of this undesirable phenomenon that can lead to tragic events, we have modelled and simulated this phenomenon using an algorithm that statistically estimates the number of garbled replies (erroneous replay messages/ response signals) for several aircraft interrogated by a secondary surveillance radar.

On improving the training of aircraft engineers

Subject. The article continues the discussion about the method of training aircraft engineers to work in the military and civil segments of aviation and rocket-and-space industry. Objectives. The purpose is to improve the training of Russian engineers to work in the competitive market environment, on the basis of the analysis of experience in training the aviation engineers in leading foreign technical universities. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of implementation of major projects in the military and civil segments of aviation in the U.S. and Russia, as well as programs for training aircraft engineers in both countries. Results. The analysis shows that the duration of modern large military aviation projects in both countries is the same (the comparison of cost is impossible, due to information protection in Russia), while in the civil segment of the aviation industry, Russia's lagging behind is significant both in terms of the duration of projects and performance results. One of the reasons is in the poor training of aircraft engineers to work in the competitive environment. Conclusions. It is crucial to reform Russian aviation universities in terms of conformity to global trends in multidisciplinarity and differentiation of financing and research base.

A Study on Effects of Code Review on Reasoning of Aviation Engineers

A Study on Effects of Code Review on Reasoning of Aviation Engineers

The role of higher education institutions in the development of intellectual capital

This article deals with the questions of intellectual capital, summarizes the results of content analysis of the notion “intellectual capital”, its essential characteristics and basic elements. Authors show the role of higher education system in generating and developing of intellectual capital of future professionals. A high level of intellectual capital is a key element of organization competitiveness and productivity and can be seen as a basis for a leading position in a particular industry. The study focuses on the development of intellectual capital of civil aviation professionals. It summarizes the results of analysis of Rostov branch of Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation’s experience in the field of intellectual capital development during the education of future civil aviation engineers.

Transformation of an Aviation Turboshaft Engine into a Gas Turbine Experimental Facilities for Laboratory Testing

The article deals with the use of a small aviation turboshaft engine for laboratory purposes. This study describes its transformation into an experimental device for research and education. Various constructional, technological and controlling modifications and settings of the gas turbine test stand were carried out and tested on a stationary configuration. The stationary system can be used as a small backup power generator or as a drive unit for a compressor, pump, etc. The laboratory equipment can also be used for research into biofuels (fatty acid methyl esters and bioethanol) for use in aviation and energetics. New control systems, electronic elements and methods of measuring rotations, pressure and temperature are tested for educational and research purposes. The study includes a schematic description of modelling measurements and subsequent numerical evaluation of the thermodynamic characteristics of the cycle in an experimental gas turbine. The laboratory device presented here is, thanks to technological, material and thermodynamic research, suitable for educating and testing the knowledge of future aviation and mechanical engineers.

Implementing Augmented Reality in the Flight Deck for Single Pilot Operations

Single Pilot Operations is a current topic with the potential to significantly affect the future of commercial aviation. While financially attractive for airlines, Single Pilot Operations bring forth important safety concerns, especially regarding the lack of human redundancy in the flight deck, an increased workload for the single pilot, reduced situational awareness and a higher risk of human error.&#x0D; It is assumed that potential problems affecting Single Pilot Operations could be addressed by implementing an Augmented Reality (AR) device in the flight deck, by presenting additional information and supporting hints within the pilot’s field of view. Concretely, AR could be used to help reduce the single pilot’s workload, improve situational awareness and reduce the risk of human error.&#x0D; This paper sets out to demonstrate two use cases for augmented reality in the flight deck. A system, called Pilot Assist, was developed that allows pilots to conduct checklists interactively with a Microsoft HoloLens. The system also provides a holographic Head-up-Display. Pilot Assist was developed and demonstrated with a fixed base Airbus A320 simulator at the Technical University of Wildau.&#x0D; With the HoloLens’ spatial mapping capabilities – scanning and recognizing the environment around the user – it was possible to create a system that guides the pilot through the conduction of checklists. This is done by prompting the user towards the location of each checklist item in the cockpit, where information regarding necessary actions is projected. Furthermore, Pilot Assist is integrated with the aircraft systems, making it possible to obtain aircraft status data in real time, thus allowing error-checking of the pilot’s actions as well as automating the progress through checklists.&#x0D; The holographic Head-up-Display allows the user to look at the surrounding environment while presenting critical flight data within the user’s field of view. The holographic Head-up-Display is intended to contribute to the pilot’s situational awareness.&#x0D; Experts in the aviation field, including pilots, researchers and engineers had the chance to qualitatively assess the Pilot Assist tool. They pointed to limitations of both Pilot Assist and the HoloLens itself, but shared optimism as to how this technology and similar applications could indeed impact the future of flight operations. Concerns regarding the HoloLens’ weight, comfort and narrow field of view were expressed. However, continued development of head mounted devices (e.g. HoloLens 2) is expected in the coming years.&#x0D; Further research into augmented reality applications in the flight deck is needed to advance this and other use cases. Nonetheless, the experts agreed Pilot Assist provides beneficial support during single pilot operation considering the current prototypical nature of the system.&#x0D;

Education and research activity of The Institute of Aviation Technology of The Mechatronic and Aerospace Department of The Military University of Technology for aviation

Military University of Technology in Warsaw (MUT) is a military, engineering university operating over 60 years (since 1951). MUT educates students as well as cadets and conducts scientific researches for the needs of the Polish Armed Forces and national economy as well as defence sector. The Institute of Aviation Technology of the Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace is a part of Military University of Technology and conducts activities for the military and aviation industry. The Institute is a successor of the former Faculty of Aviation, which was founded in 1951. The Faculty was established for the training of the military aviation engineers who could maintain the jet-engine aircraft, entered the service in 60. of the previous century. Recently, the Faculty provides the higher education in the field of Aerospace Engineering for both military (cadets) and civil students. The scientific and research activities of the Institute are focused on numerical aerodynamic as well as tunnel investigations, airframe structure strength simulation, determination of thermophysical properties of aviation materials, and on-board avionics systems as well aviation armament. Integrated part of the Institute is the Training Centre of aviation maintenance personnel, certified with EASA Part-147 requirements. and it base on a certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority.

Differences in Risk Perception Factors and Behaviours amongst and within Professionals and Trainees in the Aviation Engineering Domain

In the aviation sector, the variability in the appreciation of safety risk perception factors and responses to risk behaviours has not been sufficiently studied for engineers and technicians. Through a questionnaire survey, this study investigated differences amongst professionals and trainees across eleven risk perception factors and five indicative risk behaviour scenarios. The findings indicated significant differences between the two groups in four factors and three scenarios as well as within groups. Moreover, age, years of work and study and educational level were other factors accounting for such differences within each group of professionals and trainees. The results showing these significant differences are aligned with relevant research about pilots and indicate that the appreciation of risk perception factors by aviation engineers and the development of their risk behaviours deserves more attention. Our findings cannot be generalised due to the small sample and its distribution across the demographic variables. However, the results of this study suggest the need tailoring risk communication and training to address the different degrees to which influences of risk perception factors are comprehended, and risk behaviours emerge in aviation engineering trainees and professionals. Further research could focus on the development of a respective uniform framework and tool for the specific workforce group and could administer surveys to more extensive and more representative samples by including open-ended questions and broader social, organisational and systemic factors.

Особливості класифікації авіаційних інженерів відповідно до їх спеціальностей у Великій Британії

Вступ: Стаття присвячена проблематиці класифікації авіаційних інженерів в системі вищої освіти Великої Британії. Ця тема є важливим аспектом компаративного педагогічного дослідження фахової підготовки авіаційних інженерів у вищих навчальних закладах Великої Британії. Різновиди класифікації: Автором було проаналізовано декілька класифікацій авіаційних інженерів відповідно до Загального класифікатору академічних спеціальностей та Служби прийому до університетів та коледжів. Класифікація авіаційних інженерів: В статті було виявлено типи авіаційних інженерів за їхніми спеціальностями, головними дисциплінами та типами навчальних курсів. Було визначено які типи навчальних курсів є найбільш ефективними та роблять дипломованих спеціалістів найбільш конкурентоспроможними на світовому ринку праці. Висновки: Результати дослідження рекомендовано використовувати для подальшого аналізу вищих навчальних закладів, що пропонують фахову підготовку для авіаційних інженерів.

Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News

Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoil Cruise Landing and High Lift Configurations in Simulated Rain Environment

In this paper, heavy rain effects on the aerodynamic efficiency of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 23015 airfoil cruise and landing configurations and NACA 64210 high lift configuration have been studied. For this study, preprocessing software Gridgen has been used for creation of geometry and mesh, and fluent software is used as a solver. Discrete phase modeling (DPM) in a Langrangian frame of reference has been used to simulate the rain particles dispersed in continuous phase using two-phase flow approach. The coupling between the two phases and its impact on both phases has been included. In discrete phase model (DPM), the wall film is modeled by the injected rain particles. In a simulated rain environment all the cruise, landing, and high lift configurations of airfoils showed a significant decrease in lift and increase in drag in heavy rain environment. In this study, it is found that the heavy rain causes premature boundary-layer transition at low angle of attack (AOA) and separation at high AOA. The water film layer formed on the surface of the airfoil is thought to alter the airfoil geometry and increase the mass effectively. In the simulation for NACA 23105 the increase in drag is less contrary to simulations done for NACA 64210 high lift configuration airfoil, for which the aerodynamic efficiency degradation is much higher. The relative differences appeared to be related to the susceptibility of each airfoil to premature boundary-layer transition. Postprocessing software like MATLAB, Tec plot, and Origin are used to see the effects of the heavy rain, and the results obtained are compared with the experimental results. It is strongly believed that this study will be useful for the aviation engineers and scientists to design the airplanes and UAVs capable of flying in severe weather conditions and to train the pilots to control the airplane in heavy rain conditions well.

Numerical Study of Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Wing in Simulated Rain Environment

In this study, heavy rain effects on the aerodynamic efficiency of a NACA 0012 wing with an aspect ratio of 2 have been anticipated at a Reynolds number of . In the numerical simulation, the preprocessing software Gridgen has been used for creation of the geometry and generation of the mesh, and Fluent software is used as a solver. Discrete phase modeling in a Langrangian frame of reference has been used to simulate the rain particles dispersed in the continuous phase using a two-phase flow approach. The coupling between the two phases and its impact on both phases has been included. In this study, significant decrease in aerodynamic efficiency of the NACA 0012 three-dimensional wing has been observed. The lift and lift to drag ratio decreased up to for liquid water content of 30 and , respectively. The maximum decrease in lift has been observed for angle of attack of 6–14 deg, at which airplanes usually perform takeoff and landing. It is found that the heavy rain causes premature boundary-layer transition at low angle of attack and separation due to increase of shear stresses at high angle of attack. The water film layer formed on the surface of the wing and the splashed particles into the air are the main causes of the degradation in aerodynamic efficiency of the three-dimensional wing. The results obtained in the numerical study are compared with the experimental results, and they are in good agreement. This study will be useful for aviation engineers and scientists to design airplanes and unmanned aerial vehicles capable of flying in severe weather conditions.

Reducing the Impact of Bird Strikes

Abstract Simulating bird-plane collisions helps aviation engineers design safer aerostructures and reduce physical testing.

The Transmission of Helicopter Technology, 1920–1939: Exchanges with von Baumhauer

Previous research on helicopter history consists primarily of (auto)biographies and collections of helicopter patents. The first with its focus on individual achievements mostly denies contact between pioneers while the second largely ignores the limited use of patents by these pioneers. As a result the transmission of helicopter technology, particularly that of the 1920s and 1930s in Europe, has been little understood.The results of archival research presented here show that there was contact between these helicopter pioneers including providing references to patent information but at a modest scale. Conference reports and private correspondence found in the archive of the Dutch helicopter engineer Albert von Baumhauer suggest that a stronger link between helicopter pioneers was evident in shared theoretical interests rather than in an exchange of mechanical solutions. Language barriers and geographical distance between the main players partly explain the lack of greater cooperation among a highly specialized group of aviation engineers.