Average Operation Research Articles

Trends and relationships between airport operations and noise complaints in Maryland between 2016 and 2023

The noise pollution from aircraft near airports significantly affects the health and quality of life of the local community either near or far away. This study analyzes trends in airport noise complaints in Maryland from 2016-2018. Data on noise complaints were extracted from airport noise quarterly reports and the data included the number of complaints and unique complaints from different communities near airports, as well as average aircraft operations. The number of complaints rose from less than 1,000 in 2016 to nearly 10,000 in 2018. This study aims to identify the communities most impacted by increasing airport noise through descriptive and geospatial analysis of complaint data. Results will highlight high-complaint areas to inform future noise mitigation policies and airport expansions in Maryland. The number of noise complaints increased drastically from 2016-2018, while flight operations remained steady. Correlational analyses examine the strength of relationship between flight volume and complaint volume over time. Boeing 737-700 operations has the most significant relationship with the number of unique complainants around Baltimore/Washington International Airport. Results will help inform policies to mitigate noise impacts by identifying whether reducing operations, changing flight paths, or other strategies could effectively reduce complaints as well as help the meeting the noise reduction design goals of the state.

3D C-arm navigated suture button implantation for AC joint dislocations - the pilot study.

The surgical treatment of acute traumatic AC joint dislocations is still a subject of scientific debate in the literature. The arthroscopically assisted stabilization procedure with a suture button system has been successfully established and is widely used in daily practice. It is minimally invasive and allows the anatomical reconstruction of the torn coracoclavicular ligaments in one step with a permanent implant that does not have to be removed in a second operation. This clinical pilot study is the first to describe the new method of navigated suture button implantation with the future aim of further reducing surgical invasiveness and further increasing surgical precision. 10 patients with a Rockwood 3b/5 injury could be included in the prospective study (DRKS00031855) within 5 months according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Surgical stabilization was performed with a suture button system via a navigated coracoclavicular drill tunnel. Demographic and radiological data as well as information on health and shoulder function were collected from patient records, X-rays, DVT scan and 3 questionnaires (DASH, NHS and Eq.5D) at the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative (discharge, 6 weeks and 3 months) time points. All operations could be performed within 8.8 days (± 6.81) after trauma. The average operation time was 50.3min (± 8.81). The mean distance of the drill hole in the clavicle to the AC joint was 26.6mm (± 2.63). The radiologically measured vertical coracoclavicular distance was 38.8mm (± 6.16) at discharge and 41.11mm (± 7.51) at 3 months. This loss of reduction was not statistically significant. In contrast, the DASH, NHS and Eq.5D results showed significant improvement from discharge to 3 months postoperatively. Image-guided 3D C-arm navigated AC joint suture button stabilization is feasible in everyday surgical practice. It may be possible to achieve a further reduction in invasiveness while at the same time increasing the accuracy of implant positioning. Further clinical studies with a larger number of patients and a longer follow-up period are necessary to enable a comparison with conventional methods.

A Fuzzy Decision Support System for Risk Prioritization in Fine Kinney-based Occupational Risk Analysis

Analyzing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks requires prioritizing risk, a vital step in hazard and effect analysis (HEA). Currently, there is no existing approach to determine the priority of risk in HEA-based occupational risk analysis that incorporates interactive risk factors and spherical fuzzy risk information. This paper presents a novel approach to address the constraints by introducing a fresh framework for evaluating job-related hazards using HEA by combining the spherical fuzzy set (SFS), the multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) technique, and the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator, a more sophisticated approach is achieved within this framework. The SFS is utilized in this framework to depict the more ambiguous and unsure data given by specialists, offering a more efficient approach to handling the fuzzy risk information, encompassing the non-membership degree and hesitation. In addition, an advanced MABAC method is used to prioritize occupational risk. Afterward, we provide a practical instance of utilizing the MABAC technical-oriented risk prioritization approach for evaluating potential occupational dangers in risk analysis.

Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Panel Performance in India's Tropical Climate: An Experimental Study on the Influential Effects of Optical Filters

<p>Due to the increasing global energy demand and consequent climate change from burning fossil fuels, researchers are getting more focused on renewable energies as a potential solution to the world's energy problems. Solar energy is a prominent form of sustainable energy. The solar photovoltaic power generation system’s electrical performance is negatively influenced by several factors, including the impact of solar irradiance, incident angle, temperature, dust accumulation on the top of the solar cell, cracks in the solar panel, shadowing, shunt resistance, solar cell materials, load mismatch, maintenance and cleaning schedule, spectral mismatch loss, and cable loss. The direct environmental factors that have the biggest impact on efficiency are the effects of sun irradiance and temperature. This empirical investigation examined the impact of optical filters on the electrical efficiency of a 40W polycrystalline solar PV panel in India while considering real-time ambient conditions. Through the utilization of an optical filter, the solar PV panel's temperature is diminished, hence enhancing the output power of the solar panel. Based on the experimental findings, the utilization of a transparent plexiglass sheet equipped with a coolant system installed on the solar panels leads to a drop in the average operating temperature of the solar PV module by up to 6°C. Additionally, the output power is enhanced by up to 10W in comparison to the reference solar panel’s output performance.</p>

EDAS method for circular pythagorean fuzzy with improved Dombi power aggregation operators and their application in policy analysis and decision support systems

A circular Pythagorean fuzzy set is a very dominant and reliable technique for coping with uncertain and vague information in genuine life problems because it contains the membership function, non-membership function, and radius between both grades with a condition that is the sum of the pair will be contained in the unit interval. The objective of this article is to define some improved Dombi operational laws based on circular improved Pythagorean fuzzy values. Moreover, we discuss some drawbacks of the existing Dombi aggregation operators based on circular improved Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. We also defined some improved Dombi averaging and geometric aggregation operators and their properties. Later on, a technique of evaluation based on distance from the average solution is stated by using the proposed operators. Additionally, we resolve the problem of policy analysis and decision support systems based on multi-attribute decision-making problems for initiated techniques to enhance the worth of the derived theory. Finally, we illustrate some examples for showing the supremacy and validity of the proposed theory with the help of comparative analysis between proposed ranking values and some existing ranking values.

Application of Multi-Rod Constructs for the Revision of Thoracolumbar Fractures.

The revision procedure for failure of internal fixation after thoracolumbar fracture is controversial. Combined anterior and posterior surgery is associated with higher risk more intraoperative bleeding and tissue damage. The success rate of simple anterior surgery needs further confirmation, and posterior surgery lacks stability of internal fixation. This study evaluates the feasibility and surgical effect of multi-rod constructs in the revision of thoracolumbar fractures. Eleven patients with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent previous construct failure and were treated with revision and internal fixation with the multi-rod technique from March 2017 to September 2018 were analyzed. The original internal fixation was removed and replaced in the medial insertion of satellite rods and bone graft. The average follow-up time was 15.97 months. The intraoperation blood loss, the time of the operation, activation and discharge and the rate of rod fracture were calculated. The sagittal Cobb angle before revision, after revision and at the last follow-up were compared. The clinical effect was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire (ODI). The average operation time was 107 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 131.81 mL, the active time was 1.59 days, and the discharge time was 10.89 days. No rod fractured again during the follow-up period. The paired t-test was used to compare the Cobb angle, VAS score, and ODI before and after surgery. There was significant difference in the sagittal Cobb angle between the pre-revision and the posterior sagittal position (p = 0.000), and no significant difference was found between post-revision and last follow-up (p = 0.551). VAS and ODI were greatly improved at the last follow-up. The literature on revision of thoracolumbar fractures is insufficient and comprises varying opinions. This paper proposes a new treatment option. The application of the multi-rod constructs in the revision of thoracolumbar fractures is safe, simple, and effective and might provide guidance for future clinical work.

ORGANIZATION OF DELIVERY OF THE COMPANY'S PRODUCTS BY OWN VEHICLES

Purpose. The purpose of the work is the formation and analysis of options for the organization of the delivery of the machine-building enterprise's products by its own vehicles. Methodology. The main stages of choosing a rational technology for the organization of product transportation by own transport based on the developed schedules have been formed. The research was performed on the basis of the analysis of graphs of the dependence of motor vehicle operation indicators on the technology of organizing the transportation of the company's products. Findings. The article develops and analyzes work schedules for the delivery of the company's products by tractor-trailer trucks with semi-trailers. According to the schedules, the duration of delivery of one product in a ready-to-install condition to the consignee, the maximum possible annual volumes of transportation, the maximum and actual average annual operating costs for the delivery of the company's products by its own vehicles are determined. Practical value. The results of the research can be used to make a decision on the expediency of refusing the services of logistics companies to organize the delivery of the company's products to customers.

MobileDenseNeXt: Investigations on biomedical image classification

Background and objectiveWe are living in the information era. Therefore, intelligence-based researchers are hot-topic such as artificial intelligence. In the artificial intelligence research area, machine learning and deep learning models have frequently used to create intelligence assistants and deep learning is the shining star of the AI. Specifically, in the computer vision, numerous deep learning models have been proposed, leading to a competition between transformers and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Since the introduction of Vision Transformers (ViT), many transformer models have been advocated for computer vision, often overshadowing CNNs. Therefore, it is crucial to propose CNNs to showcase their prowess in image classification. This research introduces a lightweight CNN named MobileDenseNeXt. Materials and methodsThe proposed MobileDenseNeXt comprises four main blocks: (i) input, (ii) main, (iii) average pooling-based downsampling, and (iv) output. This research also incorporates convolution-based residual blocks and uses a depth concatenation layer to increase the number of filters. For downsampling, an average pooling operation has been employed, similar to the original DenseNet. Furthermore, the swish activation function is utilized in the presented CNN. MobileDenseNeXt has approximately 1.4 million learnable parameters, categorizing it as a lightweight CNN model. Additionally, a deep feature engineering approach has been developed using MobileDenseNeXt, incorporating two feature extractors with global average pooling and dropout layers, along with 10 feature selectors, to demonstrate the transfer learning capabilities of MobileDenseNeXt. ResultsThe recommended models achieved over 95% test classification accuracy on the used three datasets, unequivocally demonstrating the high image classification proficiency of the proposed MobileDenseNeXt. Moreover, to show general classification ability of the proposed model, MobileDenseNeXt was trained on the CIFAR10 dataset and reached 98.62% accuracy. ConclusionsThis research not only highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of MobileDenseNeXt in biomedical image classification but also highlights the competitive potential of this model for computer vision.

Waste Reduction and Recycling: Schweizer-Sklar Aggregation Operators Based on Neutrosophic Fuzzy Rough Sets and Their Application in Green Supply Chain Management

Green supply chain management (GSCM) is a valuable application that is used to reduce the overall environmental impact of the supply chain. Waste reduction and recycling are crucial components of sustainable technique that aims to reduce ecological impact and encourage reserve effectiveness. In this manuscript, we initiate the technique of Schweizer-Sklar (SS) operational laws based on neutrosophic fuzzy rough (NFR) values for SS t-norm (SSTN) and SS t-conorm (SSTCN). Further, we derive the NFR SS weighted averaging (NFRSSWA) operator and the NFR SS weighted geometric (NFRSSWG) operator. Some basic properties for the above-initiated techniques are derived. Additionally, we describe the application in green supply chain management, called waste reeducation and recycling based on initiated operators in multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems. Finally, we illustrate an example for comparing the ranking values of the proposed techniques with the ranking values of the existing technique to enhance the worth of the derived theory.

First-Principles Calculations of TiB4 and TiB5 as Anodes with High Capacity for Na-Ion Batteries.

The electrochemical properties of TiB4 and TiB5 monolayers in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) were studied by using the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The TiB4/TiB5 monolayer showed excellent Na storage capacity, capable of adsorbing two layers of Na with theoretical capacities of 1176.77 and 1052.05 mA g-1, respectively. The average operating voltages of the TiB4 and TiB5 monolayers are 0.073 and 0.042 eV, respectively, indicating that they can be used as anode materials for NIBs. More interestingly, the exposed B surface not only brings a high theoretical capacity but also provides a relatively small diffusion barrier of 0.16 (for TiB4) and 0.33 eV (for TiB5), enhancing their rate capability in NIBs.

Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Butterfly Inlay Cartilage Myringoplasty.

To review a 3-year case series of endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty performed by a single surgeon (W.S.K.) and analyze the clinical surgical outcomes. Retrospective study. Tertiary care academic center. We enrolled 60 ears with tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, receiving endoscopic inlay butterfly myringoplasty between 2019 and 2022. We reviewed patients' demographics, size and location of TM perforation, operation time, complications, and postoperative pain evaluated by the numerical rating scale (NRS). We analyzed the graft uptake success rate in 5 weeks and the perforation closure rate in 4 months after surgery. We also compared the air-bone gap (ABG) before and after the surgery. Among the 60 ears included, the mean age was 57.0 years, and 78.3% (47 of 60) had small perforations. The average operation time was 48.9 ± 11.5 minutes, and the postoperative NRS was 2.0 ± 1.6. The immediate graft uptake success rate evaluated at postoperative 5 weeks was 96.7% (58 of 60), with myringitis occurring in three ears. Except for 11 patients lost to follow-up, the perforation closure rate evaluated at postoperative 4 months was 100% (49 of 49). The mean ABG significantly improved from preoperative status (8.87 ± 5.51 dB HL) to postoperative 4 months (6.22 ± 6.03 dB HL) ( p = 0.019). A single surgeon's success rate for endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty was almost 100%. This surgical procedure is safe and effective, with a high graft success rate.

A multiple attribute group decision making model based on 2-tuple linguistic pythagorean fuzzy dombi aggregation operators for optimal selection of potential global suppliers

Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making (MAGDM) is a significant area of research in decision-making, and its principles and methodologies are widely implemented. A Pythagorean Fuzzy Set (PFS) is an extension of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) that is highly valuable for representing uncertain information in real-world scenarios. The 2-Tuple Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy Number (2TLPFN) is a specific type of Pythagorean Fuzzy Number (PFN) that can be used to represent uncertainty in real-world decision making through the use of 2-Tuple Linguistic Terms (2TLTs). This paper focuses on the examination of Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) using 2TLPFNs. Dombi's t-norm and t-conorm operations were commonly referred to as Dombi operations, which might have been greater degree of applicability if offered in a new form of flexibility within the general parameter. In this research, we implement Dombi operations to construct some 2-Tuple Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy (2TLPF) Dombi Aggregation operators. These operators include the 2TLPF Dombi Weighted Averaging (2TLPFDWA) operator, 2TLPF Dombi Ordered Weighted Averaging (2TLPFDOWA) operator, 2TLPF Dombi Weighted Geometric (2TLPFDWG) operator, and 2TLPF Dombi Ordered Weighted Geometric (2TLPFDOWA) operator. An analysis is conducted to examine the unique characteristics of these suggested operators. Subsequently, we leveraged the proposed operators to develop a model aimed at tackling the MAGDM problems in the 2TLPF environment. Eventually, a suitable instance has been demonstrated to validate the formation of the model as well as exhibit its implementation and resilience.

Students’ understanding of vector operations: With and without physics education technology simulation

This study aims to investigate the influence of technology integration (physics education technology simulation) in physics learning. A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental post-test-only design was applied to reveal the differences in students’ abilities to operate vectors between the group that learned and tested using simulation and the group that learned using graphics only. The test consisted of 16 questions on the addition and subtraction of two vectors divided into one and two dimensions. Student response data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis results show that the vector operation score for experimental group 1, which learned vector operations through graphic learning using simulation and tested with the same simulation (86.15), is higher than experimental group 2, which learned vector operations through graphic learning using simulation (76.59), and the control group, which learned vector operations through graphic learning without simulation assistance (71.81). All three groups have higher average scores for one-dimensional than two-dimensional vector operations. They also have higher average scores for vector addition compared to vector subtraction operations. Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate a significant difference in the average vector operation scores for the three groups (ρ=0.021). This suggests that integrating technology in the learning and testing processes leads to a significant difference. Moreover, the difference is significant for one-dimensional vector operations (ρ=0.004) and not significant for two-dimensional vector operations (ρ=0.107). These findings could support the implementation of similar approaches at the university and high school levels, especially for vector-related topics, in both learning and testing processes.

Percutaneous transverse pinning for metacarpal fractures: a clinical trial

IntroductionMetacarpal fractures account for 25%-50% of all hand fractures and may negatively impact hand function and ability to work. Percutaneous transverse pinning of non-articular metacarpal fractures allows mobilisation immediately after the procedure.MethodsBetween March 2017 and February 2022, 56 patients undergoing percutaneous transverse pinning for unstable metacarpal fractures were prospectively recruited. We investigated surgical outcomes in terms of Patient-rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and pre-and post-operative radiographic evaluation. The Student t-test was used to compare the means of PRWHE values after surgery. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age was 40.21 ± 17.9 years (range of 16 to 86 years). The average operating time was 27.96 min. The mean follow-up period was 14.3 ± 6.4 months (from 2 to 41 months). The mean PRWHE score was 6.5 ± 1.8. None of the patients had clinically observable rotational deformities, and the functional outcomes were satisfactory.ConclusionPercutaneous transverse pinning for non-articular metacarpal fractures restores excellent function, and imaging results are satisfactory. Further high-quality clinical trials are required to validate these results on a larger scale.Level of evidenceII, prospective cohort study.

Thermal performance of the photovoltaic module with evaporative cooling ventilated cavity

Abstract Energy is indispensable in modern life, and solar photovoltaic technology stands out for its substantial advantages. However, the current conversion rate remains suboptimal, ranging from 15% to 20%. Compounding this, a portion of solar energy undergoes conversion into thermal energy, resulting in an elevation of the PV (photovoltaic) module’s temperature and a subsequent reduction in electricity generation efficiency. In response to this challenge, a solution was conceived—a design featuring an evaporative cooling ventilated cavity crafted to alleviate the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. This innovative system integrates a photovoltaic facade with an evaporative cooling ventilation cavity, encompassing crucial components such as solar photovoltaic panels, an evaporative cooling layer, and a ventilated cavity equipped with thermal regulation. An experimental system was meticulously developed. The results illuminate the system’s efficacy in temperature reduction: approximately 5°C for the PV back sheet, 5°C for the cavity back sheet, and 5.2°C inside the cavity. Furthermore, the system achieves a noteworthy average operating temperature reduction of about 14.1%, 20.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial impact of the evaporative cooling system on regulating and enhancing the thermal performance of PV modules.

A new method of pancreaticojejunostomy in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective analysis of 93 cases.

Pancreaticojejunostomy have been studied and modified for more than a hundred years. We investigated a new method of pancreaticojejunostomy to explore its value in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 93 patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy with 'Shunt-block combined' pancreaticojejunostomy at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from April 2017 to February 2023. All patients successfully completed the surgery, with two cases requiring conversion to open surgery. The average operation time was 328.5 (180-532) min, the average intraoperative blood loss was 182.9 (50-1000) mL and the average laparoscopic pancreaticojejunostomy time was 29.6 (20-39) min. There were no cases of grade C pancreatic fistula postoperatively, 10 cases of grade B pancreatic fistula, 43 cases of biochemical fistula and 40 cases without detected pancreatic fistula. 'Shunt-block combined' pancreaticojejunostomy was a safe and effective method for pancreaticojejunostomy in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Poster 135: Tranexamic Acid for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the randomized controlled trials in the literature to evaluate the use of tranexamic on arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: Two independent reviewers performed the literature search based on the PRISMA guidelines with a third author resolving any discrepancies. RCTs comparing TXA to a control in ARCR were included. Visualization, postoperative pain, operative time, pump pressures and shoulder swelling. A p value &lt; 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: Six RCTs with 450 patients were included in this review. Overall, 6 studies evaluated intra-operative visualization with 4 studies finding a significant difference in favor of TXA. With TXA patients had a lower average postoperative VAS score of 3.3, and with the control, patients had an average VAS score of 4.1, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001). With TXA the average weighted operation time was 79.3 minutes and with the control the average operation time was 88.8 minutes, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001). No study found any difference in post-operative pump pressures or swelling. Conclusions: TXA improved visualization, operative time and subsequent postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing ARCR.

A Generalized Family of Constant Orness Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators

A Generalized Family of Constant Orness Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators

The Functional Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation-2 (PFNA-2) in Peritrochanteric Fractures of the Femur.

Introduction Peritrochanteric fractures are defined as extra-articular fractures involving the trochanter and frequent extension into the subtrochanteric region. These fractures exhibit a bimodal distribution in terms of age. These fractures commonly happen in young individuals who experience high-energy trauma, often in combination with other injuries. In contrast, elderly individuals with osteopenia are more prone to fractures caused by low-energy trauma. Methods This study is a prospective investigation that was carried out over 30 months. The study focused on peritrochanteric fractures that were treated using proximal femoral nail antirotation-2 (PFNA-2) as a fixation device. A range of criteria were examined and documented, encompassing the mean duration of surgical procedures, blood loss, the duration of hospitalization, mobility, and any potential post-operative problems. Subsequent assessments were conducted at fixed intervals of two weeks, six weeks, three months, six months, and two years. The functional outcome analysis for all patients involved the utilization of the modified Harris hip score (HHS). Results The study involved 60 cases of peritrochanteric fractures. The average age was 56 years.The most common mode of trauma was trivial fall/slip (46.66%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) (31.66%) and falls from height (21.66%). The average operating time was 53.03±5.66 minutes. The average modified Harris hip score was 84.78 with 26.66% excellent,70% good, and 3.33% fair results. Complications included superficial wound infection (5%), knee stiffness (11.66%), hip pain (8.33%), and shortening (1.66%). Conclusion PFNA-2 is a safe and easy implant option for treating peritrochanteric fractures as it preserves periosteal covering, minimizes blood loss, has a short operative time, and helps in early mobilization. PFNA-2 provides excellent outcomes in patients with peritrochanteric fractures with minimum complication rates compared to all other open methods and is highly recommendable.

Repetitive assembly basic action detection and standard work measurement based on deep learning

ABSTRACT Researchers extensively use deep learning for assembly task action recognition due to its superior feature representation. However, current methods fail to integrate assembly actions with basic human movements, resulting in poor generalization. Moreover, most research focuses on estimating operation times without computing standard work times. To address this issue, this study uses a deep learning method to detect basic repetitive assembly actions and compute their normalized time. This paper uses the TadTR model to determine each assembly operation’s average observation time and operation category. MS-G3D was then used to recognize the MOD action pairs and obtain the basic MOD actions and PTS times for each operation. The synthetic evaluation method was subsequently employed to obtain the evaluation coefficient, ultimately determining standard working hours.This study shows that the accuracy of the left and right MS-G3D models is 0.8804 and 0.7957, respectively, and the deviation of observation hours is less than 10%. Supplementary experiments further validated the proposed method’s flexibility, showing an observation time deviation of less than 5%. Thus, the standard work time measurement method proposed in this study provides finer-grained recognition of assembly actions and a more objective measure of standard working hours.