Average Tuber Weight Research Articles

Yield and grading of potato tuber for processing purpose as affected by vermicompostand potassium sources

Gradding of potato tuber for different processing purposes may reduce the main constraints of establishing export industry in Bangladesh. From this perspective the experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium sources and vermicompost level on yield and grading of potato tuber. The potato tuber of variety BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) was used as the planting material for this experiment. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: 3 sources of Potassium such as-K1: KCl, K2: KNO3, K3: K2SO4; Factor B: 4 levels of vermicompost such as-Vm0: 0 t ha-1 , Vm1: 4 t ha-1 , Vm2: 8 t ha-1 and Vm3: 12 t ha-1 . The two factor experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The highest yield of potato tubers (27.86 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2SO4, whereas, the lowest (26.02 t ha-1 ) was found from KNO3. The number of tubers hill-1 , average tuber weight, yield and different categories of potato tuber were increased with the increasing of vermicompost level. Among the 12 treatment combinations, the highest yield of potato tubers (31.17 t ha-1 ) were found from K3Vm3, whereas, the lowest (22.09 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2Vm0. However, K1Vm2, K1Vm3, K3Vm2, K3Vm3 showed statistically similar results regarding yield and grading. So, K2SO4 or KCl as a source of potassium and 8 or 12 ton vermicompost ha-1 was found to be better in respect of yield and grading of potato tubers compared to the other treatments. Among potassium sources, KCl may be economic and will found available for producing good quality potato in Bangladesh.

Genetic parameters, prediction, and selection in a white Guinea yam early-generation breeding population using pedigree information.

Better understanding of the genetic control of traits in breeding populations is crucial for the selection of superior varieties and parents. This study aimed to assess genetic parameters and breeding values for six essential traits in a white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) breeding population. For this, pedigree‐based best linear unbiased prediction (P‐BLUP) was used. The results revealed significant nonadditive genetic variances and medium to high (.45–.79) broad‐sense heritability estimates for the traits studied. The pattern of associations among the genetic values of the traits suggests that selection based on a multiple‐trait selection index has potential for identifying superior breeding lines. Parental breeding values predicted using progeny performance identified 13 clones with high genetic potential for simultaneous improvement of the measured traits in the yam breeding program. Subsets of progeny were identified for intermating or further variety testing based on additive genetic and total genetic values. Selection of the top 5% progenies based on the multi‐trait index revealed positive genetic gains for fresh tuber yield (t ha−1), tuber yield (kg plant−1), and average tuber weight (kg). However, genetic gain was negative for tuber dry matter content and Yam mosaic virus resistance in comparison with standard varieties. Our results show the relevance of P‐BLUP for the selection of superior parental clones and progenies with higher breeding values for interbreeding and higher genotypic value for variety development in yam.

АДАПТИВНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ РІЗНИХ СОРТІВ КАРТОПЛІ В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПУ ЗАХІДНОГО

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of modern potato varieties of different ripeness on productivity indicators in the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, field experiment. Results. The results of research showed that varietal characteristics influenced the elements of productivity of potato tubers, with the best productivity of potato varieties were Knyagynya, Myroslava and Solokha. It should also be noted that the productivity of varieties of different ripeness of potatoes depended on the weather and climatic conditions of the year. Conclusions. On average, over the years of research of 5 varieties, the average productivity of the bush was – 707 g. The highest productivity was shown by the variety Knyagynya – 924 g. It should be noted that the varieties Myroslava and Solokha also formed a high productivity from the bush: Myroslava – 762 g., Solokha – 702 g., respectively. Less productive varieties were Shchedryk – 597 g and Levada – 547 g. Analysis of weather and climatic conditions of 2019-2020 showed that the most favorable were the climatic conditions of 2019, the value of the trait this year averaged 794 g, less favorable conditions for the development of the analyzed indicator developed in 2020 – 620 g. The correlation coefficient between productivity and number of tubers from the bush was r = 0.8. It was also found that the differences in the average number of tubers from one bush between varieties was insignificant. The study of experimental varieties showed that the largest number of tubers from one bush in two years, formed in the variety Knyagynya – 10.4 pcs., variety Solokha – 8.4 pcs., and variety Levada – 8.0 pcs. On average, for two years of research, the average weight of tubers was at the level of – 86 g. Thus, the largest average weight of tubers was formed by Myroslava variety – 102 g, and Knyagynya variety – 91 g. In 2019, the weight of tubers varied from 69 g. in the variety Levada to 113 g. in the variety Myroslava; and in 2020 from 70 g. to 90 g., respectively. Thus, the most favorable for the formation of large tubers were the weather conditions in 2019, the average weight of tubers in this period was 95 g, in 2020 – 77 g. Thus, in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on leached low-humus medium loam black soil the most productive varieties of potatoes are varieties Knyagynya, Myroslava and Solokha.

Effect of Compost Tea and some Nutrient Supplements on Growth and Yield of Two Potato Cultivars

A field experiment was carried out during two summer seasons of 2017and 2018 at Private Farm, at El-Salhyia District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of compost tea and some nutrient supplements on growth and yield of some potato cultivars (Bavana and Eliance) grown in loamy sand soil conditions. The results showed that, Bavana cultivar gave higher number of main stems/plant, shoots dry weight/plant and total chlorophyll in leaf tissues, whereas Eliance cultivar gave higher values of plant height, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight, tuber yield/plant and total yield/ fed. and spraying potato plants with compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3( 0.5g/l) + molasses (0.5% v/v) led to increased number of leaves/plant, shoots dry weight, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight, tuber yield/plant and total yield/ fed. In addition, spraying Bavana cultivar with compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3 + molasses or molasses or NH4NO3 gave the maximum values of number of main stems/plant, total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates and starch with no significant differences between them. On the other hand, spraying Eliance cultivar with compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3+molasses increased significantly plant height. Moreover, the interaction treatments between Bavana or Eliance plants and spraying compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3+ molasses or with molasses had significant effect on average tuber weight, tuber yield/plant, total yield/fed., DM% and P%. In addition, spraying Eliance cultivar with compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3 increased P and K contents in tubers, while, N and total protein in tubers were significantly enhanced due to spraying Bavana cultivar with compost tea supplemented with NH4NO3.

Combining ability analysis of yield and resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans in Uganda

Breeding for resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato is the most economically, effective and ecologically sustainable method to control the disease and boost productivity. The study estimated combining ability effects of yield, yield related traits, late blight resistance and gene action controlling resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Eighteen F1 families generated from two sets of 12 parents, using a North Carolina Design II, were evaluated for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC), yield and yield related traits in two late blight hotspot locations of Kachwekano and Kalengyere research stations. Trials were established using an alpha lattice design (6 x 5) with two replications. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important in controlling yield and late blight resistance. However, additive gene action was dominant. The general combining ability (GCA) to specific combining ability ratio (SCA); (GCA/SCA) for total tuber weight and late blight resistance was 0.53 and 0.62 respectively. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 for total tuber weight and 0.68 for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC). This study showed some evidence of maternal effects for rAUDPC (1.45) and average tuber weight (ATW) (1.56), although these were not significant at P<0.05. Parents Kinigi, 392657.8, 396034.103, 396038.107, 395011.2, NKRK19.17, NKRN59.58 and 395017.14 had good GCA effects for both late blight resistance and yield related traits. Crosses of 392657.8 x 395017.14 and 396038.107 x NKRN59.58 had the highest SCA effects for yield related traits, while families Kinigi x NKRK19.17and 392657.8 x NKRN59.41 had the lowest SCA effects for rAUDPC. The relatively high heritability estimates and predominant additive genetic effects imply that genetic advances in resistance to Phytophthora infestans and tuber yield among these genotypes can be realized by selecting superior clones.

EFFECT OF COMPOST RATES AND TOPPING TREATMENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS

A field experiment was carried out during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the Experimental Farm at El-Kassasin, Hort. Station Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of compost fertilizer at 3, 6 and 9 ton/fed. and topping frequency (without , once and twice) on growth, shoot chemical composition, yield components (tubers and shoots), tuber quality and blade anatomy of Jerusalem artichoke plants (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cv. Fuseau grown in sandy soil and using drip irrigation system was used. Fertilizing Jerusalem artichoke plants grown in sandy soil with compost at 9 ton/fed. and un topped plants significantly increased plant height , both fresh and dry weight of shoots , N, P and K content(%) and uptake by shoots and total protein (%) in shoots, average tuber weight, yield per plant and per fed., dry matter, total carbohydrates and total sugars, as well as inulin content in tuber in both seasons and leaf blade parameters in the second season only. In addition, this treatment recorded the best economic traits (average two seasons). While the interaction between compost at 9 ton/fed. and topping plant twice recorded the highest yield of shoots and numbers per plant in both seasons. The interaction between compost at 9 ton /fed. and topping plants once came in the second rank for the most abovementioned traits. On the other hand, the least values of plant growth, chemical constituents in shoots , yield and its components and tuber quality were recorded with the plants which fertilized with compost at 3 ton /fed., and topping plants twice number. Conclusively, it could be concluded that, fertilizing Jerusalem artichoke plants grown in sandy soil with compost at 9 ton/fed. and un topped plants to obtain high yield of tubers and best quality as well as net return under the same conditions.

Use of microbial inoculants for production of potato tuber seed in greenhouse conditions

Objectives: To determine the effect of Glomus intraradices and Bacillus subtilis on the agronomic performance from in vitro potato seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Methodology: The research was developed in pots under greenhouse conditions at Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Lima, from October 2017 to March 2018. The substrate for pots was 45% sand, 45% vermicompost, and 10% rice straw, with an average content of 3% organic matter. The average environmental temperature was 25°C. In vitro seedlings of five potato genotypes were transplanted into 4-liter pots, and inoculated with commercial inoculants of Glomus intraradices, a mixture of G. intraradices + Bacillus subtilis, a fertilization treatment with NPK (220-180-120) and control without inoculation. Completely randomized design with four replications on a factorial arrangement was used, with four inoculant treatments and five potato genotypes. The data of ten agronomic characters, that included the weight of the tubers and biomass per plant, were subjected to analysis of variance and then to tests of mean comparison of Scott-Knott and processed with Infostat software. Results: Inoculation treatments with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae with rhizobacteria, statistically surpassed (P < 0.05) the controls in the case of weight of tubers per plant, the average weight of tubers, number of tubers per plant and diameter of the tuber, in addition to the height of the plant at 15 and days after the transplant; in the case of fresh foliage weight per plant and the degree of senescence of the foliage, the control treatments statistically surpassed (P < 0.05) to the inoculation treatments. For other characters, number of sprouts per plant, the number of leaves and number of flowers per plant, no significant differences (P > 0.05) was found. Conclusions: The use of microbial inoculants based on mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria, improves the productivity of potato seed tubers under greenhouse conditions.Keywords: Glomus intraradices, agronomic performance, in vitro seedlings, potato varieties, greenhouse

Reduced P fertilization improves Fe and Zn uptake in potato when inoculated with AMF in P, Fe and Zn deficient soil

Mycorrhiza fungi can use as an efficient resource to increase the efficiency of potato nutrients use, especially phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to achieve sustainable production and protecting the environment and human health. This experiment conducted to study the interaction of P levels and mycorrhiza fungi on absorption of elements and qualitative and quantitative yields of potato under field conditions. Factors including inoculation of mycorrhiza fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae and non-inoculation) and the amount of P (0, 28, 57, 86 and 115 Kg ha−1 P according to H2PO−4, equivalent 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of P recommended, respectively), with three replications in years 2015 and 2016 at Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Center of Hamadan. The results showed that the maximum of P in tubers (0.351%) and leaves (0.364%), Zn in tuber (24.4 ppm) and leaves (43.9 ppm) and tuber dry matter percentage (24.1%) achieved under inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and using of 75% of recommended Phosphorus. Maximum tubers number per plant (7.2) obtained in inoculation with G. mosseae and using of 100% recommended P. Highest tubers weight per plant (898 g) and tuber yield (47.9 ton ha−1) were achieved under inoculation with G. mosseae and using of 75% of recommended P. Both species of mycorrhiza at all levels of P did not show significant difference. The P 75% and 100% under mycorrhizal inoculation treatment did not show significant difference. Highest nitrate percentage in tuber dry matter (136 ppm) and lowest amount of all traits were under non-inoculation along with no application of P. Inoculation treatment with mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the average weight of tuber compared to non-inoculated treatment. Generally, the use of mycorrhizal fungi at low levels of P was more efficient on all studied traits compared to high levels of P. Given that, there was no significant difference between 75% and 100% P under inoculation with two species of mycorrhiza, provided this conclusion that applying mycorrhizal fungi can reduce agricultural phosphorus consumption without significant decrease in yield.

Productive and Physiological Response of Organic Potato Grown under Highly Calcareous Soils to Fertilization and Mycorrhization Management

The enhancement of the actual low yields is the most important challenge regarding organic farming management. In this view, a valid tool may arise by the improvement of fertilization management and efficiency. In this regard, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play an important role, especially in low fertility soils such as calcareous ones, through a better nutrient uptake and by alleviating abiotic stresses. A replicated-space experiment was carried out to investigate the role of mycorrhizal-based inoculants combined with full or halved fertilizer doses on yield and physiological traits of three early potato cultivars organically grown in highly calcareous and alkaline soils. The results indicate that AMF symbiosis ameliorated, in comparison to the not-inoculated plants, the potato tolerance to limestone stress by enhancing the potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/F0) and plant gas-exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance). Moreover, a significant improvement of marketable yield (+25%) was observed, mainly due to an increase of the number of tubers plant−1 (+21%) and, to a lesser extent, of average tuber weight (+10%). The AMF efficiency was higher applying halved fertilizer doses and in the location where soil conditions were unfavourable for potato growth. Moreover, the qRT-PCR highlighted that AMF colonization was similar in each location, demonstrating their tolerance to limestone, alkalinity and P stresses. These findings outlined that AMF are good candidate to bio-ameliorate calcareous soils and are very useful for improving potato yields under organic farming, limiting external fertilizers supply and environmental pollution.

Comparison of Aeroponics and Conventional Potato Mini Tuber Production Systems at Different Plant Densities

Mini tubers are the starting materials of a disease-free seed potato production scheme. Low multiplication rates as well as non-homogenous tuber size distribution are considered the main constraints of a conventional mini tuber production system. In recent years, an aeroponics production system has been developed to overcome the aforementioned problems. It has previously been observed that this system allows multiple harvests with an average yield of 20–50 mini tubers per plant. Several factors, such as cultivar, planting density, nutrient composition of the mist solution, spraying interval and duration and lighting also affect both tuber number and tuber size. However, less attention has been paid to the association of these factors with the aeroponics system. This paper highlights the importance of planting density effect on conventional and aeroponics system. The mini tuber production performances of three potato cultivars (Hermes, Marabel and Sante) were compared at four different planting densities (25, 50, 100 and 200 plants/m2) under both conventional and aeroponics systems in two production cycles. The number of tubers per plant increased with decreasing planting density, being highest at 25 plants/m2 and lowest at 200 plants/m2 for both cycles. Mean tuber number in the aeroponic system was 19.85 tubers per plant at 25 plants/m2 and 13.20 tubers per plant at 200 plants/m2. As the number of tubers per plant decreased, so did their size. As planting density increased, tuber yield per plant both in aeroponics and conventional system decreased, but in general, tuber yield per plant was higher in aeroponics than in the conventional system. In the 1st cycle, the number of tubers per m2 for Hermes, Sante and Marabel was 290, 364 and 334, respectively, in the conventional system and 787, 1021 and 1168, respectively, in the aeroponics system. Similar numbers were recorded in the 2nd cycle. The average tuber weight was higher in the conventional than in the aeroponics system. Tuber yield/m2 in this study varied from 5.9 to 9.3 kg/m2 in the aeroponics system, about twice as high as in the conventional system.

Heritability and genetic gains for iron and zinc concentration in diploid potato

AbstractA main breeding target of the International Potato Center (CIP) has been the biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. This study assessed the broad‐sense heritability (H2) and genetic gains (ΔGs) achieved for iron and zinc concentrations in potato tubers and their relationships with yield components through three cycles of recurrent selection at the diploid level. Sixty genotypes comprising 17 Andean landraces from a base population called Cycle 0, 21 genotypes from Cycle II, and 22 from Cycle III were grown in field trials over 2 yr to compare micronutrient concentrations and agronomic performance. The effects of cycles and cycles × location interactions were both significant (P < .01) for all characters except tuber yield. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation along with high H2 (0.81 ± 0.19 for both iron and zinc) suggested that these parameters were under the control of additive gene effects and could be effectively manipulated by recurrent selection. Large gains of more than 29% iron and 26% zinc were demonstrated. There were slight decreases in dry matter (DM) content of 2 and 5% in Cycles II and III, respectively. Iron concentration had the greatest positive direct effect on total number of tubers per plant, and zinc had a weak negative direct effect on average tuber weight. Selected iron‐ and zinc‐dense genotypes with high, positive general combining ability were identified for use in an interploidy (4x–2x) breeding scheme aimed at increasing the iron and zinc contents of stable, high‐yielding disease and stress‐resistant varieties.

Potato productivity depending on variety specialties under cultivating in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

In terms of geographical distribution and consumption, potatoes occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of food production in Ukraine. It is also used extensively as animal feed. The versatility of use in diff erent sectors of the economy with potatoes cannot be compared to any crop. Potato is of great importance as a raw material for the production of starch, sugar, molasses, alcohol, glucose and etc. A signifi cant reduction in the commodity production of food potatoe in farms is related to the solution a whole complex of important issues, in particular seed production, agro-technology of cultivation, application of highly eff ective pesticides, availability of agricultural machinery and material-technical support. The difficult ecological and energy situation in modern agriculture proves that it is possible to obtain high and stable yields of all crops only if there are varieties in production adapted to diff erent soil and climatic conditions. Variety is one of the important factors of yield stability and fi xed assets of agricultural production. A variety, as a genotype or a set of very close genotypes, exists in a specific environment and, moreover, interacts with it, encountering complex communication, intensity and time of manifestation, abiotic and biotic factors. At the same time, a connection is established between a variety and an environment that infl uences the formation and manifestation of morphological, economic and biological characters. The aim of the research was to study the growth, development and yield of early ripe potato varieties in the rightbank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The article presents the results of studies on the cultivation of early ripe varieties of potatoes. Namely, the germination and survival of potato plants was studied, which amounted to 89.5 and 87.3 % in the Skarbnytsa variety, 90.2 and 88.7 % in the Shchedryk variety, and 88.6 and 86.5 % in the Dnipryanka variety; the number of formed stems per plant is calculated, which is 3.3 in the Skarbnytsa variety, 3.6 in the Shchedryk variety and 2.7 in the Dniprianka variety. The dynamics of the mass increase and the fractional composition of potato tubers are shown. On average, during the research, the average weight of tubers from the bush was high for the Shchedryk variety and amounted to 616.2 g, somewhat less than those for the Skarbnytsa (484,5 g) and Dniprianka (397,8 g) varieties. It was established that the Shchedryk variety had the highest potato productivity in the experiment – 250.3 c/ha, in the Skarbnytsa and Dnipryanka varieties, the yield was 210.0 and 201.2 c/ha, respectively. Key words: potato, varieties, plant survival, tubers weight, productivity.

Evaluation lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) tuber yield and economics under different crop geometry in lateritic soils of Konkan

Different species of yam are grown around the world especially in tropical region of Africa and Asia. Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is one of the important yam species cultivated in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Field experiments were conducted at Central Experiment Station, Wakawali, Dapoli (M.S.) for three years from 2011-12 to 2013-14 to investigate the effect of different crop geometry on productivity and profitability of lesser yam. The treatment consisted of 6 crop geometry viz., S1 - 90 x 90 cm, S2 - 90 x 60 cm, S3 - 90 x 30 cm, S4 - 60 x 60 cm, S5 - 60 x 45 cm and S6 - 60 x 30 cm. The release variety “Konkan Kanchan” was used in this experiment. An uniform tuber size 100-150 g was planted on ridges and furrow method on ridges at per different spacing treatment. The recommended NPK @ 80 : 60: 80 Kg. ha-1 was uniformly applied to all the spacing treatments. The pooled mean of three year indicated that the highest total tuber yield 31.29 t ha-1 was recorded by the spacing 60 x 30 cm, which was substantially and significantly superior over rest of the spacing. The wider spacing 90 x 90 cm reported maximum tuber yield per plant (1.106 kg) and average tuber weight (121.71 g). The economics of different spacing treatment was revealed that the spacing 90 x 30 cm realized the highest net returns of Rs. 3,66,619/- ha-1 and C:B ratio of 1: 2.21 in lesser yam.

Study of genetic variability of tuber yield and storage related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at Potato Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Deesa during rabi 2017-18. The crop was harvested at 90 days after planting. The analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes were found highly significant for all the traits. This is proved that the existence of tremendous variability in the experimental material for different traits. However, from tuber yield point of view, MS/9-2196, J/7-37, K. Ganga and K. Anand were elite genotypes based on per se performance. The genotypes, K. Lauvkar, K. Sindhuri and DSP-7 exhibited low physiological weight loss, while genotypes, K. Surya, MS/12-655 and K. Ganga had low loss due to rottage on weight basis. Thus, these genotypes may be considered as good for storage ability at room temperature storage condition. The high heritability along with high genetic advance in plant height, leaf area, fresh weight of tops per plant, number of tuber per plant, tuber yield per plant, average tuber weight, physiological weight loss, loss due to rottage on weight basis, loss due to rottage on number basis and total weight loss, suggested that genotypic variation for the characters is probably attributed to high additive genetic effect and selection would be rewarding based on phenotypic performance.

Optimization of Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: Effects of Pre-Sowing Gibberellic Acid Treatments and Planting DensityOptimization of Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: Effects of Pre-Sowing Gibberellic Acid Treatments and Planting Density

Bu araştırma, tohumluk patates yumrusu üretiminde dikim öncesi gibberellik asit uygulamaları ile dikim sıklığının etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Isparta koşullarında 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, dikimden önce tohumluk yumrulara 0, 1.5, 3.0 ve 4.5 ppm dozlarında GA3 uygulanmış ve yumrular 20, 25 ve 30 cm sıra üzeri mesafelerde dikilmiştir. GA3 uygulamaları patateste ana sal sayısı, ocakta yumru sayısı, tohumluk yumru verimi ve toplam yumru verimini önemli derecede arttırmıştır. Dikim sıklığı arttıkça ocakta yumru sayısı, ocak verimi ve ortalama yumru ağırlığı azalmış, tohumluk yumru verimi ile toplam yumru verimi ise artmıştır. Tohumluk yumru verimi bakımından en etkili uygulamalar 3.0 ve 4.5 ppm GA3 uygulanarak 20 cm sıklıkta yapılan dikimler olmuş, bu uygulamalar ile A sınıfı tohumluk yumru veriminde yaklaşık % 57, B sınıfı tohumluk yumru veriminde ise % 88 artış sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada patates yumrularının dikim öncesi 3.0 ppm GA3 uygulanarak 20 cm sıra üzeri mesafede dikilmeleri ile toplam yumru veriminde azalma olmadan tohumluk sınıfına giren yumru veriminin arttırılabileceği anlaşılmıştır

Effect of drought and waterlogging on hydrophilic antioxidants and their activity in potato tubers

Maintaining a strong antioxidant system is essential for preventing drought or waterlogging stresses damage in potato tubers. In the two-year pot experiment, the effect of long-term drought and waterlogging stresses on the content of phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity in potato tubers and relative water content of four cultivars was evaluated. Drought stress significantly (P < 0.05) decreased relative water content (RWC) in the leaves of all genotypes. The evaluation of the relationship between phenolic acid content and the level of plant stress expressed as RWC showed a negative correlation between RWC and most phenolic acids, but these correlations were not statistically significant, with the exception of l-tyrosine. A significant positive correlation was found between total and individual phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity (R = 0.657), confirming the main responsibility for the increase of antioxidant activity. The average tuber yield and weight as well as their average number correlated negatively with total phenolic acids. Drought stress decreased l-ascorbic acid content by reduction of biosynthesis, and its content was positively correlated with decreased RWC, tubers yield, weight, and number. The increase of phenolic antioxidants in potato under stress conditions can be a distinctive marker of cultivar resistance against abiotic stresses.

STUDY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SAFARI POTATO VARIETY TO SPRAYING WITH THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION HORTIPHYTE AND THE SEAWEED EXTRACT STYMULANT FORTE

An experiment was carried out in vegetable fields, Department of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University for the spring season 2018. To find out the effect of foliar feeding of a seaweed extract (Stymulant forte) in concentrations of (0, 3 and 6) g. L-1 and Hortiphyte nutrient solution in concentrations (0, 2 and 4) ml. L-1 on the potato crop class A (Safari). The experiment was carried out with 9 factor treatments according to the Randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The results of the studied treatments were tested according to the polynomial Duncan test at a probability level of 0.05. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of spraying seaweed extract at concentration 6 g. L-1 was significant, given the highest significant values for average stem length and number of aerial stem. plant-1 , and the percentage of dry matter for the plant%, while spray treatment was superior to 3 g. L-1 was significant in the leaf area index, treatment of spraying feeding solution in two or four ml concentrations. L-1 was significant at average stem length (cm) and number of aerial stem. plant-1 , with an increase of (5.10 and 15.35%), respectively; compared to the comparison treatment. The two characteristics of chlorophyll and the percentage of dry matter per plant were not different from the comparison treatment. As for the results of the total yield, it was given the treatment of spraying the seaweed extract at a concentration of 6 g. L -1 is the most significant value for the number of tubers. Plant-1 , average weight of tuber (kg), yield of one plant (kg), percentage of dry matter for tubers%, and production rate per area (tons. ha-1) compared to the rest of the treatments, and reached (13.111 tuber. Plant-1 , 0.126 kg, 1.63 kg, 16.127%, 87.390 ton. ha-1 ), respectively. The treatment of spraying the nutrient solution affected the 2 or 4 mL concentrations. 1 liter-1 morally by giving the highest significant values for the average weight of the tuber, the yield of one plant and the percentage of dry matter for tubers and total production per area compared to the no-spray treatment, and with an increase of 11.11 kg, 11.68 kg, 7.43%, 11.54 tons. ha-1 ), respectively. It did not differ from the comparison treatment in terms of the number of tubers. plant

Yield and tuber quality of orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivars under drought stress in greenhouse

Water shortage is an environmental stress that affects the growth, quantity and quality of sweet potato production. The study objective was to analyse the effect of drought stress on the quantity and quality of orange-fleshed sweet potato. Field research has been carried out in April to July 2019 in the greenhouse. This research used a randomized block design with two factors, the first factor was sweet potato cultivars (Beta-1 variety, Perbaungan cultivar, Cengkeh Turi cultivar and Tanah Seribu cultivar) and the second factor was drought stress with different watering level namely severe drought (watered until 1 month and until 2 months with 10 days interval, respectively) and control (watered until 4 months with 10 days interval). The results showed that the orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivars produced significantly different average tuber weights, the number of tubers, beta carotene content, starch content and tuber moisture content were not significantly different. Drought stress influences the yield and quality of tubers which causes a very significant decrease in the parameters of number of tuber, tuber weight, beta carotene content, starch content and tuber water content. The higher the level of drought will cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of sweet potato production.

Growth and production of several sweet potato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) on various watering levels in rainfed paddy fields

Watering using 3 levels of watering is able to increase production and plant growth, specifically on suboptimal lands. This research aim was to determine the growth and production of several sweet potato genotypes (Beta 1 varieties with orange tuber, Perbaungan Accession with orange tuber and Cengkeh Turi Accession with yellow tuber) on various levels of watering with 3 levels: very limited watering (watering up to 1 month, intervals 10 days), limited watering (watering up to 2 months, intervals 10 days) and optimum watering (watering up to 4 months, intervals 10 days) in rainfed paddy field. This research was conducted in the paddy fields of Tandem Hilir I Village, Deli Serdang on April-July 2019. The results of this research represent that local sweet potato genotypes have good production and growth responses in paddy field cultivation. Perbaungan accessions with orange tuber and Cengkeh Turi Accession with yellow tuber obtained the highest tuber length, tuber diameter, average tuber weight and harvest index compared to other genotypes. Application of watering with 3 levels in paddy fields proved not real on all observation parameters. Watering with 3 levels is best at limited watering (watering up to 2 months).

Effect of Bio-Fertilizer and Foliar Spray of Selenium of Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato Plants

Two field experiments were conducted during two seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of both bio-fertilizer (inoculated or uninoculated) and selenium (Se) spray at 0.5, and 10 ppm on vegetative growth, pigments, yield and quality of potato plants. The results indicated that, vegetative growth characters (number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a and b were significantly increased with Bio-fertilizers (Halex-2, and High rate of Se (10 ppm), in both seasons. Plant yield of tuber, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight and tuber yield/Fed and (tuber content of starch and protein), generally, seemed to be increased with the Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and high rate of Se, in both growing seasons. The interaction between Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and Se reflected positive effects on the all studied quantitative and qualitative characters of potato plants.