Average Index Values Research Articles

County Town Comprehensive Service Functions in China: Measurement, Spatio-Temporal Divergence Evolution, and Heterogeneity of Influencing Factors

Strengthening the service function of small towns, using its fundamental role in the urban system to drive rural development, is the main issue that needs to be addressed urgently in numerous developing countries. County towns are unique types of small towns in China. Analyzing the spatial-temporal patterns and differentiation mechanisms of comprehensive service functions of county towns in China from a geographic point of view can not only provide a basis for the macro-control of county towns but also provide typical regional research results for the study of urban systems and urban–rural coordination in developing countries. Based on Point of Interest (POI) data of 1788 county towns in China, this study analyzes the evolution of spatial and temporal differentiation of comprehensive service functions and influencing factors by using modeling methods such as Getis-Ord Gi* analysis, the random forest model, and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The obtained results show that (1) from 2012 to 2021, the average value of the comprehensive service function index (CSFI) of county towns in China shows a significant increase, and the proportion of county towns with medium–high service levels and above increases from 3.41% to 54.50%; (2) spatially, the comprehensive service function of county towns is characterized by the basic pattern of “high east, low west; high south, low north”, which keeps getting stronger. During the study period, eastern China has always been a high-level region, northwestern and southwestern China have always been low-level regions, and northeastern China has been a stagnant region, while central, northern, and southern China have been fast-growing regions; (3) county general public budget revenues, value added of secondary industry, GDP per capita, county town resident population, altitude, and GDP per capita of affiliated prefecture-level cities to which it belongs are the key factors influencing the comprehensive service function of county towns in China. The county general public budget revenue indicator, which represents the governmental capacity, has the strongest influence; and (4) the results of the MGWR analysis indicate that there is spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the intensity of the above-mentioned key influencing factors on the development of comprehensive service functions of county towns in China. Based on this finding, differentiated strategies should be proposed to policy makers and urban planners in different regions in order to effectively enhance the level of comprehensive service functions of county towns in China.

Unveiling heterogeneity of hysteresis in perovskite thin films

The phenomenon of current–voltage hysteresis observed in perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is a critical issue that complicates the accurate assessment of device parameters, thereby impacting performance and applicability. Despite extensive research efforts aimed at deciphering the origins of hysteresis, its underlying causes remain a subject of considerable debate. By employing nanoscale investigations to elucidate the relationship between hysteresis and morphological characteristics, this study offers a detailed exploration of photocurrent–voltage hysteresis at the nanoscale within perovskite optoelectronic devices. Through the meticulous analysis of localized I–V curve arrays, our research identifies two principal hysteresis descriptors, uncovering a predominantly inverted hysteresis pattern in 87% of the locations examined. This pattern is primarily attributed to the energetic barrier encountered at the interface between the probe and the perovskite material. Our findings underscore the pronounced heterogeneity and grain-dependent variability inherent in hysteresis behavior, evidenced by an average Hysteresis Index value of 0.24. The investigation suggests that the localized hysteresis phenomena cannot be exclusively attributed to either photocharge collection processes or organic cation migration at grain boundaries. Instead, it appears significantly influenced by localized surface trap states, which play a pivotal role in modulating electron and hole current dynamics. By identifying the key factors contributing to hysteresis, such as localized surface trap states and their influence on electron and hole current dynamics, our findings pave the way for targeted strategies to mitigate these effects. This includes the development of novel materials and device architectures designed to minimize energy barriers and enhance charge carrier mobility, thereby improving device performance and longevity. This breakthrough in understanding the microscale mechanisms of hysteresis underscores the critical importance of surface/interface defect trap passivation in mitigating hysteretic effects, offering new pathways for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells.

Quality of life in post-herpetic neuralgia in the dermatology department of Hospital Luis Vernaza

Introduction: Shingles (HZ) is the result of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. The main complication of HZ is post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), pain that appears in the affected dermatome 3 months after the resolution of the cutaneous lesions. Despite the limited evidence, PHN significantly influences the patient's quality of life (QL), affecting their functional capacity, emotional state and work capacity in the active population. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the quality of life in NPH. Previous studies have not been done in this institution and statistics on the subject are nil in Ecuador. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive, observational, retroprospective with a non-experimental and transversal level. The universe consisted of 141 patients with a diagnosis of PHN treated at the outpatient clinic of the dermatology service of the Luis Vernaza hospital during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2016, with a sample of 92 patients, who underwent an interview and a physical examination, using a data sheet that included the DN4 and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires. Excel tables were used to record the data. Results: Of the total of 92 patients who participated in the study, tingling was the most frequent symptom. Regarding the symptomatic load related to QL in PHN, the friction pain and numbness with P values of 0.00 show a strong statistical significance followed by a puncture with a P value of 0.03. The scatter plot to assess the level of PHN severity and its relation to quality of life indicates that QL is related to neuropathic pain (NP). The average DN4 was 4/10. 82 % of cases, with or without neuropathic pain, had a better QL; 18 %, accompanied by NP, reported affectation in their QL. The average index value of the EQ5D5L was 0.814. Conclusions: It was concluded that the quality of life is affected in patients with postherpetic neuralgia.

Fungal diversity associated with the decomposition of Avicennia marina leaf litter at various salinity levels

Abstract. Yunasfi, Susetya IE, Utomo B, Dalimunthe A, Samsuri, Zaitunah A. 2024. Fungal diversity associated with the decomposition of Avicennia marina leaf litter at various salinity levels. Biodiversitas 25: 792-800. The process of litter decomposition in mangrove ecosystem is influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Biological factors include organisms, such as worms, snails, bacteria, and fungi, while environmental factors are soil, water pH, salinity, and others. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of salinity level and length of decomposition period, dominant fungi, as well as carbohydrate and protein levels in Avicennia marina leaf litter. In the experiment, litter bags containing 50 g of A. marina leaf litter were used and placed at salinity levels of <10 ppt, 11-20 ppt, and 21-30 ppt. The results showed that the highest decomposition rate i.e., 6.90/year, with length of time = 0.15 years was found in A. marina leaf litter at a salinity level of 21 ppt-30 ppt. At salinity levels of <10 and 10-20 ppt, the decomposition rate was 4.55 and 5.91, respectively, while the litter period in soil was 0.22 and 0.17 years. Furthermore, the residual leaf litter decomposed at salinity levels of <10 ppt, 11-20 ppt, and 21-30 ppt was 6.67 g, 4.57 g, and 4.36 g, respectively. The average value of the Shannon diversity Index for fungal species in A. marina leaf litter, which had experienced decomposition ranged from low to moderate. At salinity levels of <10 ppt, 10-20 ppt, and 20-30 ppt, the values obtained were 1.96, 1.86, and 1.95 respectively. The fungal species diversity index was greater than the control, 1.26. Based on the results, A. marina leaf litter placed at salinity level of <10 ppt had the highest carbohydrate and protein content of 12.10 and 9.12%, respectively, while the lowest protein content of 8.28% was recorded at salinity level of 20-30 ppt. This study showed that the longer the decomposition period at various levels of salinity, the higher the protein content in absolute terms.

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Fengdong New District Based on Information Diffution Model

The large-scale construction of new districts has led to severe soil heavy metal pollution. Therefore, taking Fengdong New District as the target research area, the descriptive statistics of heavy metal content characteristics and Kriging interpolation analysis have been conducted, and the potential ecological risk index and information diffusion theory were further combined to create an information diffusion model based on risk assessment. Finally, the pollution degree, ecological risk, and risk occurrence probability of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Hg were discussed. The findings revealed that the average concentrations of the four heavy metals far exceeded the background value of soil heavy metals by a factor of 1.943 (Pb), 1.419 (Cu), 3.074 (Cd), and 3.567 (Hg), respectively. Moreover, the distribution of soil heavy metals showed strong variability(CV>65%)owing to human interference. The distribution of Pb and Cu pollution were predominantly influenced by industrial production and land development for construction purposes, whereas industrial activities, agricultural practices, and transportation served as the primary sources of Cd contamination. On the other hand, industrial construction emerged as the major factor contributing to Hg pollution. The average values of individual potential ecological risk index for heavy metals of 9.716 (Pb), 7.095 (Cu), 92.292 (Cd), and 142.469 (Hg), coupled with the regional comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) average of 251.573, signified that the region was overall characterized by a relatively high potential ecological risk status. The overall potential ecological risk for Pb and Cu in the region were mild, whereas Cd and Hg posed moderate to high risks, indicating that Cd and Hg were the dominant driving factors behind regional heavy metal pollution. The evaluation results of the information diffusion model based on the potential ecological risk indicated that the probability ranking of different levels of comprehensive potential ecological risk was as follows:slightly high (38.98%) > moderate (38.55%) > high (5.89%) > slight (5.15%) > extremely high (3.56%). The exceeding probabilities of potential ecological risk levels for Cd and Hg were significantly higher than those for Pb and Cu. The exceeding probability of different pollution levels of Hg were slight (94.89%), moderate (66.85%), slightly high (23.62%), high (3.9%), and extremely high (2%), of which only the surpassing probability of the slight level was lower than that of Cd. The prediction error of pollution probability of each potential ecological risk level was less than 5%, demonstrating the reliability of the information diffusion model based on the risk assessment. This research will provide technical reference and support for the monitoring and management of potential ecological risks from soil heavy metals in limited sample data regions.

Heavy Metals in Common Fishes Consumed in Dhaka, a Megacity of Asia: A Probabilistic Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Hazard.

Heavy metal contamination of fish is a serious public health concern worldwide, including in Bangladesh. In this study, six commonly consumed fish species namely Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha), Kachki (Corica soborna), Punti (Puntitus ticto), Taki (Channa punctatus), Meni (Nandus nandus), and Tengra (Mystus tengara) were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The fish samples were collected from wholesale markets in Dhaka city, the main business hub of Bangladesh where the fishes converged from countrywide and are redistributed to the whole city. The metal concentration varied among the studied fish species. Hilsha, the national fish of Bangladesh, contained the highest As among the other fishes of this study, whereas Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni were the highest in Kachki, and Pb and Cr were the highest in Tengra. The probable source of metal accumulation in the fish species may be the river or marine water that can be contaminated by industrial waste, pesticide, and/or fertilizer use in agriculture and/or commercial fish feeds. All analyzed fish species showed serious heavy metal pollution, having high average pollution load index (APLI) values (> 1). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for the metals were lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The hazard index (HI) for all the fish species was above 1 for adults, showing non-carcinogenic health risks. The targetcarcinogenic risk (TCR) values were below the acceptable limit (10-4) for most of the metals, indicating safe for consumption with respect to the risk of cancer.

Strategies to Improve Intermodal Transportation Connectivity Services in North Maluku

Sea transport is one of the modes of transport providing great benefits such as a wide range, tariffs that are affordable to the public, safe and comfortable. To support the integration of the implementation of intermodal transport, it is necessary to integrate the service network, and the transportation infrastructure network. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of intermodal transportation services at Kupal Port, Bacan Island, South Halmahera Regency and the analysis method used was the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results of the study obtained the average satisfaction index value of Kupal Feeder Port service users on 16 (sixteen) service factors or attributes of 78.97 percent in the satisfied criteria.

The normalized difference vegetation index value of volcanic paddy soils of Mt. Talang using Landsat 8 image

Abstract Accurate and up-to date information on the spatial distribution of paddy fields in volcanic soils is important. The volcanic soil in West Sumatra covers an area about 602.500 ha. Soils of volcanic origin are considered fertile and productive soils. They are widely used to grow annual and perennial crops. Paddy cultivation in volcanic soils is commonly practiced in West Sumatra. Remote sensing data can be used to observe the condition of rice plants in volcanic soils from by calculating the vegetation index value through the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). This study aims to determine the vegetation index of paddy grows in Mt. Talang by using Landsat 8 satellite imagery and correlate the index value with the total carbon and fractions content. Soil samples were collected using the 1x1 km interval grid method from 5099,78 ha of volcanic paddy fields. Soil samples were collected undisturbed and disturbed condition. The undisturbed soil samples were used to analyze bulk density (BD). The disturbed soil samples were dried and sieved with a 2-mm sieve and then analyzed for soil pH (H20 and KCl), Organic C, Labile C, and Very Labile C. All of soil samples have low bulk density (0.76-0.89 Mg/m3). Soil pH is considered neutral (6.50 to 6.93). The average vegetation index value was high, with a maximum value of 0.60 and a minimum value of 0.39. The results of the regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between NDVI and soil chemical properties. Determination of the vegetation index during the growing period of paddy is very useful to improve the accuracy of paddy identification sites at the regional scale and to predict the potential paddy production in due time.

Analysis of Power and Voltage Losses in Electric Submersible Pump Motor Installations

In area mining are quite extreme, where the level of safety from high temperatures and toxic gases which are explosive as well as well flow pressure is also high and can damage production equipment. Therefore, it is very necessary to install reliable electrical power, starting from analyzing the selection of cable types that used, voltage drop, power losses and transformer selection. The problems mentioned previously, this research carried out an analysis of improvements to voltage drops and power losses that occurred in the ESP motor installation system. The method used is to replace the type of cable used in three scenarios with three different types of cable. The installation system data obtained from this company was then processed using software which was then validated with theoretical calculation results. The result of voltage drops and power losses in ESP cables according to standards using scenario 3, replacing AWG 2/0 type with a voltage rating of 5 kV, diameter of 11.709 mm and has a KHA of up to 210 A. The voltage drop value after repairs are carried out based on theoretical calculation results has an average percentage index value of 4.5% and power losses of 4.6%. This shows that in the condition after repairs, both the results of simulation calculations and theoretical values have met the IEEE std 141-1993 standard which states that the value of voltage drop and power losses in industrial plan distribution systems must be below 5%.

Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution and Human Health Risks Associated with a Mineral (Zn, Cu, and Sn Ores) Processing Plant in Yunnan, Southwest China

Understanding the contamination and sources of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) at historical sites is vital for safeguarding human health and the ecological environment. This study focused on As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr concentrations in the residual soil, groundwater, and surface water around a mineral processing plant. The sources of these elements and the human health risks posed by them were evaluated using various indexes. Soil HM concentrations exceeded background values for Yunnan Province, ranked as As > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg > Ni. The river water met China’s Class II waterbody standard; however, Cd, Cu, Pb, and pH exceeded the maximum permissible sewage discharge concentrations in the accumulated water. The groundwater showed severe HM pollution, meeting China’s Class III water quality standard. The average value of the Nemerow pollution index was consistent with that of the single-factor pollution index in the following order: As > Pb > Cd > Ni > Cu > Hg. Children face heightened risk through the oral ingestion of As, Cd, and Pb, particularly in high-value sampling points in the residue deposit area. The main sources of these pollutants are anthropogenic activities and the soil formation matrix.

Imaging through a multimode optical fiber with principal component analysis and a variational autoencoder

Abstract Imaging through the multi-mode fiber (MMF) becomes an attractive approach for gaining visual access to confined spaces. However, current imaging techniques through a MMF still encounter challenges including modal dispersion, complex wave-front shaping mechanism, and expensive light sources and modulations. This work proposed a cost-efficient setup with three light-emitting diodes as the illumination light source (including red, green, and blue light) and a hybrid model including the principal component analysis and a variational auto-encoder (PCAVAE) for reconstructing the transmitted images. The reconstructed images demonstrate high fidelity compared with their ground truth images. The average similarity index value of the reconstructed images is as high as 0.99. Experimental works indicated that the proposed approach was capable of rejecting 10% white noise in the imaging process. The proposed triple-color illumination method paves a cost-effective way of transmitting images through an MMF. The PCAVAE model established in this work demonstrates great potential for processing scrambled images transmitted by the MMF.

Evaluation of HOMA IR in perimenopause patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

Introduction: Perimenopause as a clinical entity is characterized by a series of symptoms that occur due to estrogen deficiency in multiple organs and systems. Obesity is a risk factor that favors all these changes, especially hyperplasia. Glucose homeostasis is often impaired in these patients, insulin levels are increased, and HOMA IR is increased. Goals: to detect hyperplasia in obese perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to determine insulin levels, HOMA IR, to determine the association between hyperplasia and HOMA IR. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, performed at the OB/GYN Clinic, over 1 year. 100 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding during the perimenopause were involved, aged 45–50, divided into two groups based on BMI. 1-patients with a BMI above 30, 2-patients with a BMI under 30, and the control group consisted of 40 asymptomatic patients. Results: The average value of glycemia in the first group was higher and was 5.7 mmol/l, the cut-off value was 5,5. The average value of the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index in the first group was highest - 2.8 (the cut-off value was 1.8). Endometrial hyperplasia was registered in the first group at 40.9%. Discussion: The first group registered a significant association between HOMA IR and hyperplasia, the risk of endometrial hyperplasia occurring was eight times higher. The first group registered a significant association between glycemia and endometrial hyperplasia. High levels of glycemia increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia occurring three times. Conclusion: In menopausal transition patients with abnormal uterine bleeding there is an increased incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, hyperglycemia, and increased HOMA IR. There is a strong association between these changes and the risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Menopause is a period in a woman’s life that requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostics and treatment. Keywords: HOMA IR, perimenopause, abnormal bleeding, hyperplasia.

Observations of interstellar scattering of six pulsars using Polish LOFAR station PL611

ABSTRACT We present the preliminary results of 4 yr of observations of the scattering of pulsar radiation in the interstellar medium using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) PL611 station located in Lazy near Krakow. In this work we show the initial results for six pulsars from our observing campaign. We used the HBA antennas of the station, with a central frequency of 154 MHz and a 72 MHz bandwidth and we were able to detect the frequency-dependent change in the pulse profiles. Splitting the bandwidth into a number of separate sub-bands we obtained independent scatter time estimates, which allowed for the estimation of the scattering frequency scaling slope for each individual observation. Our project has been accumulating data for more than 4 yr and as a result we are in a position to study the time variability of the scattering parameters over this period. We detected significant changes in the scatter time and its frequency scaling for at least two of pulsars. The average values of the frequency scaling index for the six pulsars selected for this work are below the range of values predicted by the simple thin screen model of interstellar scattering. This is in accordance with previous results shown for both higher dispersion measure pulsars observed in the past, as well as the more recent LOFAR observations and other projects similar in the observing frequency. We also discuss the advantages of using individual LOFAR stations (or similar instruments) for this kind of research.

Integration of the Urea Fertilizer Industry Process Safety Index

The chemical industry has different stages of the production process, depending on the materials used and the products produced. Typically, previous approaches only use one or two parameters. The focus of this study is on a safety assessment metric called the Index Process Safety Value (IPSV). The evaluation process using IPSV involves initially identifying parameters, evaluating each parameter using IPSV, and then integrating the assessments. Integration assessments can be used to ascertain the level of risk involved in the standardization process. Standardization is carried out to ensure the specific attributes of each industrial process flow. Where in this standardization there are variations in index values and levels of potential danger. This main and initial process is the core of the Urea production process stages. Of the several stages of the urea production process, the one with the highest level of danger is during the production of Urea in the synthesis process, namely in the Reactor (DC101) with an index value of 0.4, while the lowest is in the urea synthesis process, namely in the Condenser (EA101) with the average index value is 0.28. This IPSV method can be used to analyze process safety, especially for the urea synthesis unit at Factory 5 of PT Pupuk Kaltim

Performance Analysis of BGP Dynamic Routing Protocol using QOS for TCP and UDP Services

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is commonly used for TCP and UDP services, but it poses challenges in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) analysis. Parameters like throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter are crucial for assessing network service quality. This study aims to analyze the performance and influence of the BGP routing protocol on TCP and UDP services using QoS parameters. The research used a GNS3 network simulation to conduct multiple packet transmission tests for TCP and UDP protocols, lasting 15, 30, and 60 seconds; and monitored using Wireshark. For TCP services, the average QoS index value is 3.75, categorizing the quality as "Good". The tested network topology and routing configuration exhibit reliable performance, providing good throughput, low packet loss rates, minimal delays, and stable jitter. Similarly, UDP services demonstrate “Good” performance with an average QoS index of 3.75. The BGP routing protocol in the tested network topology ensures high-quality service with good delivery speed, low packet loss rate, minimal delay, and stable jitter. Overall, the study concludes that the BGP routing protocol effectively provides satisfactory QoS for TCP and UDP services. This research contributes to understanding network performance and optimizing routing protocols for improved telecommunications services. The findings highlight the significance of routing protocols in facilitating efficient data transmission on the Internet, reinforcing the importance of QoS analysis for enhancing service quality.

DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN AGED 6-12 YEARS USING THE "HI BOGI" APPLICATION IN CIMAHI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN 2021

Caries are a dental and oral problem that most often occurs in elementary school-age children. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused most dental examinations and treatments to be postponed, and only emergency dental procedures can be performed with teledentistry, one of which is the HI BOGI application has to prevent, educate or detect early dental and oral problems. This study aims to find out the description of caries in children aged 6-12 years using the "HI BOGI" application at Cimahi City Elementary School in 2021. The research subjects were 315 children obtained by cluster random sampling method. This research is descriptive and observational. According to WHO, the indicators and standards for measuring the severity of dental caries are the DMF-T index for assessing permanent teeth and the DMF-T index for primary teeth. The DMF-T/dmf-t (Decay Missing Filled Teeth) index is a value that indicates the severity of tooth decay due to caries. The results showed that from the DMF-T/dmf-t examination on 315 children, the results of the DMF-T and DMF-T index status results were the average value of the DMF-T index of 0.746 including the very low criteria and the average value of the dmf-t index was obtained of 1.39 is included in the low criteria. Based on the area of ​​Cimahi City District, the DMF-T index in the North District (0.327) and Central (0.482) is very low. South District (1.582) is included as low, and for DMF index status in North (2) and Central District (1.254) including low and South District (0.835) is included as very low. In conclusion, the caries status of children aged 6-12 years at SD Kota Cimahi in 2021 is in the low-status category for primary teeth and very low for permanent teeth.

Analisis Kualitas Layanan Jaringan Internet Berbasis Wireless LAN

The development of information and communication technologies has successfully created new technologies that we call Internet technologies. One of the Internet Service Provider (ISP) service providers in Indonesia that is often used is PT. Telkom. Besides, Telkom currently has a product namely Indihome, that offers a package of communications and data services such as home phones, interactive television services and also internet that can be used wirelessly. A wireless-based network application must have a service standard known as Quality Of Service (QoS), where this service aims to analyze the WirelessLan internet network on the indihome service and to find out the quality of the wirelessLAN internet on the Indihome service. This study demonstrates the performance of the network by performing the Action Research (AR) method by measuring the parameters of throughput, package loss and delay using wireshark applications. The results of this study are QoS measurement data on Indihome services based on Tiphon standardization with the average value of the third parameter index of 3.1. Based on the results of the measurement, at network Warkop 27 are in the medium category of the Tiphon Standardization.

Audit Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Fingerspot Wdv 204bnc di Sekolah Islam Menggunakan Cobit 5

This research was conducted to identify and ensure that existing system procedures in the company function properly, using the Cobit 5 framework to audit the Fingerspot WDV 204BNC application information system in Islamic Schools using COBIT 5 with DSS03 and MEA01 domains and a comprehensive audit of the information system has never been carried out. used by the company so that the information system operational services cannot be ascertained whether or not they are by the school's standard needs. The information system audit on the Fingerspot WDV 204BNC application system running which is expected to run well according to the school's needs and objectives, with capability analysis. The audit results with the highest scores, namely the DSS03 domain, received a maturity level score of 8.55, and MEA 01 received a maturity level score of 13.91, with a Fully Achieved achievement score, all target levels have entered level 5 and the overall total maturity index score is 112.29 and maturity level is 22. .46, the average maturity index value is 56.15, while the capability maturity level is 11.23. From the results of the GAP analysis obtained from DSS03 and MEA01, it has reached the desired target level must be maintained, and must be improved further.

Surgeon fatigue in robot-assisted and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Exploratory prospective observational study ancillary to JCOG1907 randomized controlled trial (JCOG1907A1).

TPS422 Background: Fatigue is being increasingly recognized as an important factor in surgical procedures, because it leads to errors in surgeons' decisions and reduced operating efficiency. In comparison to laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted surgery is expected to reduce surgeon fatigue due to ergonomic adjustments, comfortable sitting positions, minimal restriction of instrument movement, and stable visualization. The aim of this study is to assess surgeon fatigue and explore the superiority of robot-assisted gastrectomy over laparoscopic gastrectomy in surgeon fatigue. Methods: This study is conducted as a prospective observational study ancillary to a randomized controlled phase III trial investigating the superiority in safety of robot-assisted gastrectomy over laparoscopic gastrectomy for clinical stage T1-4aN0-3 gastric cancer (JCOG1907: UMIN000039825). The lead surgeon and the first assistant performing surgeries as protocol treatment in JCOG1907 were included. Surgeon fatigue is quantitatively assessed using multiple assessment tools. The primary endpoint is the average NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) value for the lead surgeons. Secondary endpoints include six individual parameters of NASA-TLX, visual analog scale assessments for fatigue, advanced trail-making tests, and continuous heart rate variability measurements for lead surgeons and first assistants. The primary analysis compares surgeon fatigue between robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery. Secondary analyses examine the association between surgeon fatigue and various factors, such as surgeon and patient background, and surgical findings, as well as cross-correlations among measures of surgical fatigue. In addition, the association between surgeon fatigue and postoperative complications and its impact on long-term survival outcomes is also evaluated. The sample size is 500 surgical cases, with a planned accrual period of 2 years. This study was initiated in April 2023 and registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network as UMIN000052120. As of August 2023, 52 cases (10.4% of the planned accrual) have been enrolled in the study. Clinical trial information: UMIN000052120 .

Total-Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE) and CO2 Emissions for GCC Countries

Recently, the potential role of energy efficiency in energy transformation on the path to sustainable development has become a crucial topic. Over the past three decades, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Gulf countries have increased dramatically. This paper assesses the energy efficiency of Gulf Cooperation Council countries during the period 2000–2019. Thus, the contribution of this study to the energy policy literature is to measure the total-factor energy efficiency, in order to explore the current energy efficiency situation in the Gulf countries. This is the first study of the Gulf countries in terms of estimating the total-factor energy efficiency using the DEA–Malmquist method. The analysis shows that the average total factor productivity change index value was 0.964, with a decline rate of 3.6%. This demonstrates that energy efficiency in those regions has experienced a relative decline. The results of Malmquist analysis show that the total factor productivity change index for the Gulf countries is less than 1, which means a regression in their efficiency (energy inefficiency) from 2000 to 2019. This means that the decline in total-factor energy efficiency in those regions was mainly due to the technical progress index. The results of the study can help policy makers understand the current level of energy efficiency, and identify the main drivers of total-factor energy efficiency. Based on the results, some policy implications related to energy efficiency and suggestions for the GCC region were formulated.