Average Test Results Research Articles

The Ocular Surface Symptoms and Tear Film Parameters during and after COVID-19 Infection.

This study aimed to evaluate the ocular surface parameters of post-COVID-19 patients when compared to healthy controls. Patients after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, as confirmed by a PCR test of their nasopharyngeal swab sample, were enrolled. Complete ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), slit-lamp examination, tear osmolarity test, central corneal thickness, endothelial cell number measurements, non-invasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT), meniscus height, and the Schirmer's test were performed and compared with the controls. It must be noted that there were 36 COVID-19 patients and 25 control subjects included in the study. Eye itching and burning (19%) were the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection, followed by a subjective decrease in vision (17%), conjunctivitis and eye pain were present in 11%, and 6% of the patients had episcleritis. The mean time from initial infection was 6.5 ± 3.9 (range 1-24 weeks). Meniscus height was not significantly changed between the COVID-19 (0.34 ± 0.13 mm) group and the control (0.33 ± 0.12 mm, p = 0.88) group. In addition, the NIKBUT-1 (p = 0.88; 7.22 ± 4.60 s and 6.91 ± 4.45 s) and NIKBUT average (p = 0.91, 12.30 ± 5.86 s and 11.77 ± 4.97 s) test results showed no significant change either. Neither was a significant result found in the IOP (p = 0.17, 14.56 ± 2.10 mmHg and 14.11 ± 1.96 mmHg); the Schirmer test (p = 0.18, 20.22 ± 7.92 mm and 20.02 ± 7.17 mm); Tosm (p = 0.16, 294.42 ± 54.51 mOsm/dL and 299.33 ± 5.65 mOsm/dL); CCT (p = 0.06, 549.15 ± 28.98 vs. 539.21 vs. 29.08 µm); nor the endothelial cell density (p = 0.07, 2516.64 ± 287.61 vs. 2454.21 ± 498.60 cells/mm2). Through this study it was not revealed that there were any significant differences between the post-COVID group and control group in the objective measurements of ocular surface conditions, when performed after the acute phase of COVID-19. The exact incidence and mechanism of ocular findings, especially dry eye disease, in correlation with SARS-CoV-2 requires further research.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Johar (Cassia siemea Lamk) dan Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) terhadap Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries is a dental infection with a high prevalence in Indonesia, one of the causes is Streptococcus mutans which demineralizes the tissues causing dissolution and dental caries. To reduce the number of microorganisms, people can utilize natural materials. One of the plants that have potential as an antibacterial is johar leaf and avocado leaf. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the combination of ethanol extract of johar leaves (Cassia siamea Lamk) and avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) against Streptococcus mutans. This study uses the diffusion method. Extraction of johar leaves and avocado leaves was carried out by maceration method then the extracts were combined 1:1 with concentration series of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Antibacterial testing uses the diffusion method to determine the inhibition. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured at a density of 108 CFU/ml in MHA (Muller Hinton Agar) medium. Inhibitory power is known by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the well. The average inhibition test results were obtained at concentrations of 25% (6 mm), 50% (6.1 mm), 75% (7.1 mm) and 100% (9.3 mm). The positive control of ciprofloxacin (30 mm) and the negative control did not show the diameter of the inhibition zone. So that the greater the concentration of the extract combination, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone obtained to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and there is a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone of the combination of extracts and ciprofloxacin positive control.

S1222 Appropriate Use of Ascitic Fluid Studies Among Inpatients With Ascites: A Quality Improvement Project

Introduction: Ascites is the most common decompensating event in cirrhosis. Paracentesis is recommended in all patients with new-onset ascites, all patients admitted with ascites and all patients with ascites and signs or symptoms of infection. Standard of care tests from ascitic fluid include cell count with differential, total protein, albumin, and culture. In a limited number of patients, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, cytology, amylase, pH, and bilirubin will be helpful. However, in clinical practice, a battery of ascitic fluid studies are commonly ordered. Many of these tests have no clinical impact and do not help guide management. Our initiative was to educate the residents enrolled in the internal medicine training program at The Brooklyn Hospital Center on appropriateness of ascitic fluid testing in patients admitted with ascites and improve the testing practices. Methods: We provided an educational session focused on most recent guidelines on ascitic fluid tests to the residents enrolled in the internal medicine training program at The Brooklyn Hospital Center. Participants included residents first through third year of residency training. The educational session focused on appropriate use of ascitic fluid testing based on the most recent American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines. All participants completed a questionnaire testing the participant’s knowledge on appropriate use of ascitic fluid tests before and after the educational session. Results: Our results portray a significant improvement in the participants' understanding of the appropriate use of ascitic fluid tests after the educational session (Figure). In the questionnaire completed before the educational session, post-graduate year 3 (PGY-3) participants scored the highest followed by PGY-2 and PGY-1 participants. After the educational session, there was increase in scores from all three category of participants with the highest improvement in the PGY-1 class (38.52%), followed by PGY-2 (29.32%) and PGY-3 participants (26.47%) (Table). Conclusion: Ordering physician’s knowledge and education plays a key role in relevant use of ascitic fluid testing. Our study has demonstrated improved understanding of the appropriate use of ascitic fluid tests after our educational session. As a follow up, we plan on performing a retrospective chart review and post-intervention (post-educational session) chart review to monitor for improvement in the appropriate use of ascitic fluid testing.Figure 1.: Results of Pre-Didactic and Post-Didactic Tests of all Classes Table 1. - Results of Pre-Didactic and Post-Didactic Tests of all Classes Class Pre-Didactic Test Result Average Post-Didactic Test Result Average PGY-1 52.08% 90.60% PGY-2 58.33% 87.65% PGY-3 64.44% 90.91%

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Macromedia flash Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar di SMP Negeri 2 Lingsar

The purpose of developing this learning media is to produce an appropriate Macromedia Flash learning media on the flat side space building material at SMP Negeri 2 Lingsar. This learning media is based on the development of Multimedia Luther based on six stages, namely concept, design, collection (collecting material), assembly, testing, and distribution. This learning media test is a validity test, practical test, and beta test (user). The validity test was carried out by 2 media experts. The media experts in this study were 1 Lecturer of the Mathematics Education Study Program, University of Mataram and 1 Teacher of ICT Subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Lingsar. The practical test was carried out by 2 practitioners, namely 1 Lecturer of the Mathematics Education Study Program, University of Mataram and 1 Mathematics Subject Teacher at State Junior High School. 2 Lingsar, and beta test based on the results of a questionnaire filled out by 74 students. The instrument indicators are based on Thorn's feasibility test. The overall average validity test results are 3.14 in the very good category, the overall average practitioner test results are 3.39 in the very good category, the overall average beta test results are 2.86 in the good category. So it can be concluded that this learning media is suitable for use in learning mathematics.

Integration of Augmented Reality and Voice Recognition in Learning English for Children

Application development by combining two technologies, namely Augmented Reality and Voice Recognition, can make learning media regarding object recognition at home interact directly with 3D virtual objects. The technology can also help the pronunciation or pronunciation of sentences in English. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is used to understand human language so that machines can understand and process it. This ability supports Voice Recognition to have intelligence and interact like humans. wit.ai is an open-source NLP platform that can support speech-to-text application development. The merging of the two technologies in this development using the wit.ai platform. With the wit.ai platform that is used to understand voice commands and perform tasks as needed for applications regarding object recognition at home, users will be able to interact with objects at home through the given voice commands. In the Black Box testing, each functionality got the results that all the features had functioned properly. User Acceptance Test was also carried out and the average test results were 95.77% and 93.26% on a Likert scale with test results on 13 respondents aged 6-9 years old who have tried the application and 14 respondents as observers when 13 respondents aged 6-9 years tried the application. These results show that the application can be accepted and used as a tool in learning media.

THE EFFECT OF FREE DRAWING ABILITY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION MARTABE KASIH, SILIMABAHAL VILLAGE, SIBORONGBORONG DISTRICT

This study aims to determine (1) free drawing activities have a significant influence on children's creativity, (2) emotional intelligence has a significant influence on children's creativity, and (3) the interaction between free drawing activities and emotional intelligence has an influence on children's creativity. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design. The study population was all children of PAUD Martabe Kasih, Silimabahal Village, Siborongborong District aged 5-6 years, consisting of 2 classes totaling 48 children. The sample of this study was for the control group, namely the children of group B1 which amounted to 24 children, while the experimental group, namely the children of group B2, which amounted to 24 children. The results of this study are (1) there is a positive and significant effect of free drawing activities on children's creativity, this is evident from Fcount 133.87 > Ftable 3.972. In this case, the average results of the creativity test of children who are taught with free drawing activities are higher than those of drawing activities with teacher instructions, so it can be concluded that free drawing activities are more effectively applied in learning to increase children's creativity. (2) there is a positive and significant effect of emotional intelligence on children's creativity, this is evident from Fcount 6.03 > Ftable 3.972. In this case, the average results of creativity tests for children with high emotional intelligence as a whole, both those taught with free drawing activities and drawing with teacher instructions, are higher than the average results of creativity tests for children with low emotional intelligence, and (3) there is an interaction of free drawing activities and emotional intelligence that have an influence on children's creativity, this is evident from Fcount 7.09 > Ftable 3.972. In this case, the average creativity test results of children with high emotional intelligence are better taught using free drawing activities compared to using drawing activities with teacher instructions, while children with low emotional intelligence are better taught using drawing activities with teacher instructions compared to children with low emotional intelligence. free drawing activity.

The Transtheoretical Model based psychoeducation's effect on healthy lifestyle behaviours in schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThe study was conducted with the pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial design to detect the psychoeducation's effect, based on the Transtheoretical Model, on the healthy lifestyle behaviours of individuals with schizophrenia. MethodsThe data were collected from 82 participants, as 41 intervention and 41 control. The data were collected via personal information form, behavioural change stage diagnosis form and healthy lifestyle scale II. 6-week psychoeducation, consisting of 6 modules, based on the Transtheoretical Model, was applied to the intervention group. No interventions were applied to the control group. Pretests and posttests were applied to both groups. ResultsWhen the healthy lifestyle scale II of intervention and control groups and final test results arranged according to ANCOVA analysis are compared, average final test results were meaningfully positive for the intervention group with taking control of the pretest and other covariants. When the pretest-posttest results in terms of behavioural change of the intervention group are evaluated; a meaningful difference among nutrition, physical exercises, spiritual self-improvement and stress management, which all are the stages of behavioural change, was detected. ConclusionIt was determined that psychoeducation on a healthy lifestyle, based on the Transtheoretical Model in an individual with schizophrenia affected physical exercises, spiritual self-improvement and interpersonal relationships sub-dimension in medium level, and had a drastic influence on health responsibility, nutrition, stress management sub-dimensions and all healthy lifestyle behaviours. Progress in behavioural change stages was detected. Clinical trials IDNCT05259748.

The Use of Multimedia for Learning Badminton

This study aims to develop a multimedia-based learning model of badminton theory and practice. The method used in this research is research and development with 10 steps Borg & Gall. The subjects consisted of 3 experts (badminton, learning, multimedia) and 150 students at three universities that have sports science faculties in West Java. Based on the results of expert validation, the product developed is suitable for use and has been proven to be effective in improving students' badminton skills. Based on the Paired Sample Test, it can be seen that only two Control groups (B and C) have Sig values. (2-Tailed) is more than 0.05 (2-tailed> 0.05) so that in this result it can be stated that Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that in control groups (B and C) there is no difference in the average initial test scores with the final test. Thus, it can be stated that there is no effect of treatment on improving student badminton learning outcomes. Meanwhile, Pired 1, 4, 5, and 6 (four groups) have Sig values. (2-Tailed) is less than 0.05 (Sig. (2-Tailed) <0.05) so that in this result it can be stated that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a difference in the results of the initial test and the final test. Thus, it can be stated that there is an effect of treatment on improving student badminton learning outcomes. Based on the Equal variances assumed section values it is known as Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.039 <0.05, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a difference in the average test results of the control group and the experimental group. Based on the statistical results of the T test, it can be seen that between the control group and the experimental group there is a significant difference in the results of the final test. This shows that the developed model which was implemented as a treatment for the experimental group, has a better effect than the control group. However, in the control group, of the three groups, there was one group whose paired t test results showed a significant difference between the initial test and the final test. This is something that is beyond the prediction of the researcher, because there are other factors that may influence this achievement outside the variables studied.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Piper Crocatum and Sour Turmeric Acid for Healing Time

Maternal mortality (MMR) is still 359 per 100,000 live births, and the expected target is still far from what was proclaimed in 2030, the number of 70 per 100,000 live births. Based on data from WHO (Word Health Organization), in 2015, the deaths were around 2.7 million cases caused by perineal injuries. According to IDHS data (Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey), in 2017, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 live births caused by an infection in the perineal wound. The total maternal mortality rate (MMR) in various provinces in Indonesia has decreased from 4,226 to 4,221. In 2019 the maternal mortality rate (MMR) was most contributed by bleeding (30.3%) and postpartum infection (5%). This study aimed to determine the differences in the effectiveness of red betel and turmeric acid in the complementary wound healing treatment in postpartum women. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with a total sampling method by giving three intervention and control groups, as many as 30 postpartum women with perineal wounds grades I and II according to the inclusion criteria with the group given red betel, tamarind, and turmeric. Control group at Anutapura General Hospital Palu. Perineal wound care using the REEDA scale (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation). The results showed a difference in the effectiveness of red betel and turmeric acid on perineal healing. The average Mann-Whitney statistical test results were on the 5th and 7th days (P-Value < 0.005). This study shows that Piper crocatum can accelerate perineal wound healing and become an alternative for complementary therapy and perineal wound healing.

Taṭhwīr Mawād Mahārah al-Kitābah bi Ṭharīqah Lu’bah Khimna al-Kalimah fī Shu’bah al-Dīniyah Min Madrasah al-‘ĀLiyah al-Hukūmiyah 1 Probolinggo

Arabic learning as a source of Islamic development needs publication with written works. However, there are obstacles in writing skills such as the use of words that are not in accordance with the rules, and most students memorize vocabulary without knowing how to write them. So the objectives of this research are: 1. To provide material for creative writing skills using the game method. 2. Knowing the effectiveness of using the designed method. The researcher uses the Dick and Carey model of research and development approach with stages: defining goals, conducting learning analysis, students, formulating specific goals, developing assessment tools, educational strategies, selecting teaching materials, carrying out formative evaluations, and reviewing instructions. The results of the study: 1. learning writing skills in the religious program of MAN 1 Probolinggo in schools and dormitories. 2. Material development using a guessing game model with Arabic script with rules. Consists of: (a) guides and accompanying books used. (b) Lesson plan. 3. The designed model is effective to use. based on statistical analysis of students' responses and understanding before using the designed method with an average test result of 81.5 pre-test and after using the method with a post-test average of 86.16.

DESIGN OF FASHION-BASED TEACHING BOOKS INTERACTIVE E-BOOK IN THE LEARNING ERA BLENDED LEARNING

Learning that takes place in the Fashion Design Education Study Program is of course related to practical learning in the field of fashion. In the practicum learning process, students need a high level of understanding to carry out every step of making a dress. Learning that is regulated by blended learning has various obstacles including; restrictions on the number of practicum classes in class, different levels of student understanding, mastery of sewing skills that are not the same, inadequate learning tools and also internet network disturbances during online learning. This study aims to design interactive e-books to support blended learning. An e-book is a book that is programmed into a computer so that it can visualize abstract material into a visual form that can be animated so that students are more interested in the learning process. The development of interactive e-book media uses a 4-D development model through 4 stages, namely the Define stage, the Design stage, the Development stage and the Disseminate stage. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and observation sheets. The results showed that the average practicality test results were in the practical category and the effectiveness test was in the good category.

Improving students' arabic reading skills through cooperative learning strategy type team games tournament

This study aims to help students overcome problems in learning in order to achieve the desired learning outcomes. This research is classroom action research (CAR), using three cycles for six meetings. From the results of the first cycle, it can be seen that the average student test results were 63.96. In the second cycle, the average score of the students' test results was 64.69, in the second cycle, learning mastery increased 33.34% from the initial data. In cycle III seen from the average value of the test results of students is 77.52, students who achieve completeness are 25 people with a percentage of 83.33%, while students who have not completed reach 5 students with a percentage of 16.66%, in Cycle III learning completeness increased by 13.33% from the initial data. It was concluded that the cooperative learning type TGT strategy could improve Arabic reading skills of class VIII C students at SMP Muhammadiyah I Kalirejo Central Lampung with very good results.

Attitudes towards vegetables and fruits rich in bioactive compounds in a group of individuals aged 20-39 years old.

Due to the high percentage of deaths caused by non-communicable chronic diseases, such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases, recorded in recent years, proper nutrition, including consumption of vegetables and fruit rich in bioactive compounds is of a vital importance. It is especially important in the light of consumers' interest in pro-health values of foods. Aim of this study, was to assess the attitudes of people aged 20-39 towards food with a specific health effect, with particular emphasis on selected vegetables and fruits rich in bioactive compounds. The study included 500 people aged 20-39 years old. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts, which assessed: attitudes of people aged 20-39 towards the health values of food, frequency of consumption of selected vegetables and fruits rich in bioactive compounds and knowledge about them. The average result of respondents' given answers indicated their positive attitude towards health values of food (mean = 4.41). Nevertheless, consumption frequency of selected vegetables and fruits was low or very low among more than half (57%) of the respondents. In addition, members of the study group demonstrated insufficient knowledge about the confirmed by clinical tests, positive impact of the consumption of examined products on health (average knowledge test result = 25% among the members of the test group). At the same time, higher consumption of analysed vegetables and fruits was associated with better knowledge about them. Similarly, more positive attitudes towards health values of food were associated with higher frequency of vegetables and fruit consumption and knowledge about them. The surveyed adults aged 20-39 showed a positive attitude towards health values of food. Nevertheless, consumption of selected vegetables and fruits rich in bioactive compounds and knowledge about them was not sufficient. Due to the association between better knowledge about health values of particular products and frequency of their consumption, in the future, focus should be placed on increasing consumers' knowledge in this area, e.g. by organizing social and information campaigns.

Improving Students Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability With Learning Modules Using Brain-Based Learning Models

The quality of mathematics learning is influenced by good teaching material and can facilitate students to be active in knowledge and improve mathematical critical thinking skills. Mathematical critical thinking skills focus on activities in analyzing a more specific idea. Developing a learning module using a brain-based learning model is necessary to improve mathematical critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the learning module using a brain-based learning model that is valid, practical, and effective. This type of research is development research using the Plomp model, which consists of three stages, namely the preliminary, development, and assessment stages. The module is made using a Brain-based learning model for class X Junior High School (SMA). The instruments used are validation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The results showed that the learning module using the brain-based learning model for class X SMA was valid, practical, and effective. The validity of the module reaches 78.6. In contrast, the practicality of the module is 91.67%. In terms of effectiveness, it can be seen from students' average mathematical critical thinking ability test results, namely from 52.2 to 88.1

Development of Interactive Learning Media Based on Open Ended Problem Approach Assisted by Visual Basic with Excel to Improve Creative Thinking Ability and Resilience of Students at Al Manar Private Junior High School

This study aims to: (1) describe the validity, practicality and effectiveness of developing interactive learning media based on an open ended problem approach assisted by visual basic with excel to improve students' creative thinking skills and resilience at Al Manar Private Junior High School; (2) Describe the improvement of creative thinking skills and resilience of students in learning media based on an open-ended problem-assisted visual basic approach that was developed; (3) Describe the increase in students' mathematical resilience who is taught using visual basic media with excel which has been developed using an open ended problem approach. The type of research used in this research is Developmental Research. The development model used is the formative evaluation type Tessmer development model. The subjects in this study were all students of the Al Manar Private Junior High School for the academic year 2021/2022, but the test subjects were only taken for class VII-A (25 students) for trial I and class VII-B (25 students) for trial II. The results showed that: (1) open-ended problem-based mathematics learning media assisted by visual basic with excel were included in the categories of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. (2) Based on the results of the analysis of the creative thinking ability test in trials I and I1 showed that students' creative thinking abilities increased. This increase in creative thinking skills can be seen from the average creative thinking ability test results obtained by students. In the first trial, students' creative thinking ability increased from 63.40 to 75.80 with moderate N-Gain criteria. (3) Students' mathematical resilience changes after learning by using visual basic assisted learning media. Keywords: creative thinking skills, resilience, open ended problem approach, visual basic DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-16-08 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Efforts to Improve Student Learning Achievement by Applying the PAIKEM Learning Model for Islamic Religious Education Materials About Believing in Angels in Class IV Students of SDN No.171 / I Bajubang Laut, Muara Bulian District, Batang Hari Regency, 202

The purpose of this study was to improve learning outcomes of fourth grade students through the PAIKEM learning model in the subject of Islamic Religious Education, the subject of faith in angels or Malaikah at IV SDN No. 171/I Bajubang Laut, Bajubang Laut Village, Muara Bulian District, Batang Hari Regency in even semesters, academic year 2020/2021. The method used in this research was Action Research which refers to the Classroom Action Research model consisting of two cycles which includes four stages; planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis of quantitative data with descriptive statistics was to compare the results obtained from the first cycle and the second cycle, while the qualitative data analysis by analyzing data from the results of field notes and interviews during the study with steps. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes through the application of the PAIKEM learning model. This can be proven by the average score of completeness before the action was 60.21. The average test results of students during the learning process from cycle I to cycle II have increased. Student learning outcomes indicated by the scores they obtained in the evaluation tests of cycles I and II experienced a significant increase. In the first cycle, the students' completeness was only 67.67 to 80 in the second cycle.

Pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik Indonesia (PMRI) pada materi waktu, jarak, dan kecepatan untuk SD kelas V

<em>This study purpose to explain the needs of teachers regarding the teaching materials of mathematics materials time, velocity, and distance based on RME, the validity and practicality of teaching materials developed, the difference in average test results of learners before and after using teaching materials. This research is the research and development of Borg and Gall modified by Sukmadinata with steps: 1) preliminary study, 2) model development, 3) model test. The sample of this study was 5 students of class V of Wirun 04 State Elementary School, Sukoharjo. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis, questionnaires, and tests. Data Validity using triangulation of data sources. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the available teaching materials have not been able to meet the needs of teachers because of minimal practical activities and have not been able to recognize students' thinking ability and have not been in accordance with the concrete level of thinking of elementary school children. The development of mathematical teaching materials material time, distance, and speed is declared valid and practical to be used in the field by experts and is considered effective in improving the achievement of the average value of mathematics learning</em>

PKM Penanaman Konsep Dasar Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan pada Siswa- Siswi Kelas III di SD GMIT Abangiwang Kecamatan Pantar Timur Kabupaten Alor Tahun 2021

Research through community service (CS) in Bunga Bali village, Pantar Timur sub-district, Alor. PKM instilling the basic concepts of addition and subtraction of fractions in 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang is carried out with the aim of finding out the extent of students' knowledge of fractions, whether the denominator is the same or the denominator is different. This PKM activity offers planting the basic concept of multiplication as a reference in understanding fractions. In this PKM, it was found that there was an increase in students' understanding of mathematics, especially fractions in simple fractions, while in fractions whose denominators were not the same, it was necessary to emphasize to students to study harder. The average test result is 61.54% in the sufficient category. Factors causing difficulties in solving simple fractions based on the results of interviews with third grade homeroom teachers generally include interest and motivation, teacher factors, environmental factors, teacher factors, infrastructure factors, environmental factors, and the need for discipline during teaching and learning activities. Some of the 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang still find it difficult to memorize multiplications from 1 to 10. This makes it difficult for students. This makes it difficult for them in the section on equating 'fractions with different denominators'. The researcher offers teachers in the field of study that they need to strengthen the basics of multiplication before discussing fractions material.

Standarisasi Mutu Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Soka (Ixora coccinea L.)

Standardization is the process of determining properties based on certain parameters to achieve the same degree of quality. The extract was standardized with two parameters, namely specific and non-specific parameters. So that the efficacy and quality of this soka flower extract can be guaranteed, it is necessary to meet a quality standard for the product/extract material by standardizing the extract. Standardization is carried out so that uniform raw materials can be obtained which can finally guarantee the pharmacological effects of these plants. Standardization is the process of guaranteeing the final product (simplicia, extract or herbal product) to have certain parameter values ​​that are constant and predetermined. The research method is by testing various parameters on the extract, starting with determining the species of soka flower, then calculating the yield, organoleptic testing, water content, water soluble compounds, ethanol soluble compounds. The average water content test result is 9.54% and is still within the permissible standard, the water content in medicinal preparations including extracts should not exceed the 10% limit. Based on the results of determination of water soluble extract content of 20.7% and ethanol soluble extract content of 35.5%. The ethanol soluble extract content was higher than the water soluble compounds, thus the semi-polar compounds in the extract were higher than the polar compounds

The Effect of Play Learning Method on School Maturity in the Control and Experiment Class of Raudhatul Athfal

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of play and creativity learning methods on school maturity in Raudhatul Atfhal children in Gunungsitoli City. This study employed a quasi-experimental methodology. This method was chosen because the treatment class included both the learning class using the play method and the learning class using the formal method and the characteristics of the children being controlled were creativity, using Population and Research Samples. The study's findings indicate that learning methods have a positive and significant influence on children's school maturity. This can be seen in the difference in average school maturity test results of children taught by the play learning method as a whole, both in the group of children with high creativity and low creativity, which is higher than the difference in average school maturity test results of children taught by formal learning methods. Thus, to increase the maturity of children's schools, the method of learning through play is more effectively applied in learning at Raudhatul Atfhal.