Average Temperature Reduction Research Articles

Experimental investigation of passively cooled photovoltaic modules on the power output performance

The power output performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module decreases as the temperature increases. The increase in module temperature above the standard test conditions (25 ⁰C) could reduce the average power output by at least 0.2% for each 1 ⁰C rise. Hence, keeping the module temperature low is necessary for PV systems exposed to high solar irradiance throughout the year. Therefore, this study aims to experimentally analyse the eletctrical performance of passively cooled PV modules in the tropics. The developed cooling approach consists of rectangular plate fins made of aluminum 6061, attached to the rear surface of tedlar layer. The results indicated that the average module temperature reduction of 3.25 ⁰C was observed under outdoor exposures. As a result, the heat sink improved the overall power output up to 14.2%. As the PV performances are site-dependent, these findings are beneficial as it provides a thorough explanation of fin heat sink behavior under long-term field exposures of tropics.

Thermal and Optical Behavior of Novel Phosphate-Based Inorganic Mixtures Containing Fe and Na and Their Application as Solar Reflective Coating

Abstract Herein, the synthesis of the novel and inexpensive phosphate mixtures, Fe3(PO4)2·0.5 Na3PO4.6 H2O· NaOH (calcined) and Fe3(PO4)2·0.5 Na3PO4·4 H2O· NaOH (non-calcined) of iron (Fe) and sodium (Na) and their application as reflective coating with building envelope materials is reported. The main objective of this work is to determine the effect of hydrated mixtures as a reflective coating. To obtain different hydrated mixtures, samples were synthesized in both calcined and non-calcined manner. Various measurement techniques were used to characterize and study the thermal behavior of mixtures. From the thermal behavior of the mixtures, it is noticed that the mixtures can be used as heat-dissipating materials. The average crystallite size was found to be 40.18 nm and 25.48 nm for the calcined and the non-calcined mixtures, respectively. The calculated band gap for the calcined mixture is 3.71 eV and the non-calcined mixture is 3.73 eV. According to Reddy's equation, the refractive index of the calcined and the non-calcined mixtures is 2.61 and 2.60, respectively. Both the calcined (1A) and the non-calcined (1B) mixtures were fabricated with commercial white paint to develop aesthetic light gray coatings. Both coatings were painted and tested on two building material slabs separately. Then, the highest reflective coating material between these two was painted on a house prototype and tested against commercial gray paint available in the market. An average temperature reduction of 3.8 K was observed in modified gray coating compared to commercial building paint. The reflective coating of the calcined mixture blended with white paint was observed to be better than the non-calcined mixture blended with white paint.

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SINTERED COPPER WICK HEAT PIPE USING WATER-BASED HYBRID NANOFLUIDS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Relatively stable titania and silica-distilled water-based hybrid nano fluid along with surfactant are proved to be more efficient in thermal performance enhancement of heat pipes which are used for efficient cooling in electronic industry. In the current research, sintered copper wick heat pipe is utilized due to its high level of capillary action and low thermal resistance of copper wick. In this article, the vertically mounted copper sintered heat pipe containing hybrid nano fluids is investigated to measure the wall temperature as well as thermal resistance through force convection. The experimentation was carried out at heat loads of 4W, 8W, 12W, 16W and 20W by using water, titania-distilled water nano fluids and titania-silica/distilled water hybrid nano fluid filled in heat pipe in order to compare the results. By increasing the input power, the wall temperature increases from evaporator to condenser section. Maximum reduction in average vapor temperature of titania-silica hybrid nano fluid filled heat pipe and titania-distilled water nano fluid filled heat pipe was observed to be 35.74% and 31.10% as compared to water filled heat pipe at 20 W respectively. The maximum decrement in thermal resistance of titania-silica/distilled water hybrid nano fluid filled heat pipe and titania-distilled water nano fluid was observed to be 30.66% and 17.33% in comparison with water based filled heat pipe at 8 W respectively. The highest enhancement in heat transfer coefficient of titania-silica hybrid nano fluid filled heat pipe and titania-distilled water nano fluid filled heat pipe was achieved to be 29.73% and 16.21% compared to water filled heat pipe at 8 W respectively. A vi

Experimental investigation of clay brick with sensible, latent, and hybrid thermal energy storage in buildings

Global warming has caused uneven extremities in the climate such as heat waves, floods, and extreme rise in temperatures. Consequently, there is increase in demand for energy for indoor space cooling in the buildings to create better indoor thermal comfort. Thermal energy storage (TES) using Phase Change Material (PCM) is an effective technology for improving the thermal performance of the building envelope. Energy efficient building envelope can reduce the external heat gain and maintains indoor thermal comfort level easily. In this study, the thermal performance of clay bricks integrated with sensible heat storage material, latent heat storage material, and hybrid (sensible + latent) was investigated. A comparative study of indoor thermal performance in terms of peak temperature, thermal amplitude, time lag, decrement factor of sensible heat storage brick, latent heat storage brick, and hybrid brick in comparison with conventional brick was prepared. Latent heat storage brick has shown the highest percentage average peak temperature reduction of 3.86 % in comparison to conventional brick. Maximum reduction of 13.74 % was shown by latent heat storage brick followed by hybrid heat storage brick and then by sensible heat storage brick. Time lag of 180 min is observed in brick embedded with latent heat storage capacity. Additionally, infrared thermal images suggest that the brick integrated with latent heat storage material shows better indoor thermal performance.

A novel method to investigate the influence of phase change material orientation in reduction of car cabin temperature

Car parked in peak sun light, attains temperature higher than the surroundings. Due to this, the passenger develops discomfort while entering into the car. For the betterment of passenger's thermal comfort, the phase change material (PCM) is employed inside the car. There were many experiments & numerical studies carried out to find the effect of cabin air temperature by placing the phase change material near the roof and also by varying the melting temperature of phase change material. From the understanding obtained from the literature study, the effect of changing the phase change material orientation with respect to the air flow inside the car cabin is not much reported. In this study, a novel method named equivalent specific heat method has been developed. It is conventional to employ 2 phase simulation for phase change material. By employing this novel method, the computational time associated with the 2 phase simulation is drastically reduced as the entire simulation can be carried out as a single phase. The effect of employing different phase change material and their orientation on reducing the car cabin temperature has been studied in detail. 2 phase change material namely OM29 and HS24 along with their 7 orientations have been investigated. Results in terms of the solar load distribution, the temperature distribution due to solar load, air temperature contours, air velocity contours and phase change material temperature contours have been presented and discussed in detail. It is found that the performance of 2 curvatures of PCM (HS24) covering the roof is able to reduce the average car cabin temperature by 10.4 °C when compared to that without PCM. The reduction in average car cabin temperature is found to be 9.5 °C, 9.1 °C, 7.9 °C, 7.2 °C, 4.7 °C and 4.3 °C for 3 curvatures of PCM (HS24), 1 curvature of PCM (HS24), 2 curvatures of PCM (OM29), 1 curvature of PCM (OM29), Flat PCM (OM29) covering the roof and & Flat PCM (OM29) partially covering the roof respectively. This novel method is capable of reducing the computational time for two phase simulation by 90%. The average deviation for the novel single phase simulation and conventional two phase simulation with that of the experiment is found to be 11.38% and 9.93% respectively.

Heat transfer enhancement using double taper microchannel

A three-dimensional numerical study on the combined effect of height as well as width tapering on the thermal performance of double taper microchannel is presented in this paper. The channel inlet width is considered as 300 µm, taper ratio on sidewalls and bottom wall are varied from 0 to 1 and 1 to 3.9, respectively. The thermal resistance ratio, average bottom wall temperature, temperature difference ratio, and pumping power ratio of the channel are evaluated for various flow rates, height, and width tapering. Results showed higher reduction of wall temperature with combined effect height as well as width tapering compared with straight channel. The optimal size of the micro channel to minimize the pumping power and average wall temperature on the constraint of heat flux and footprint area is found. The reduction in average bottom wall temperature is 17.34%, and pumping power ratio is 0.44 (56% power reduction) noted, respectively, at Reynolds number 340. Finally, optimal dimension of double taper microchannel is evaluated for better thermo-hydraulic performance.

Highly suppressed solar absorption in a daytime radiative cooler designed by genetic algorithm

Abstract Here, we report a selective multilayer emitter for eco-friendly daytime passive radiative cooling. The types of materials and thickness of up to 10 layers of the multilayer structure are optimized by a genetic algorithm. The passive radiative cooler is designed to mainly target low solar absorption, which allows sub-ambient cooling under direct sunlight. We used a custom objective function in the solar region to achieve high-performance daytime radiative cooling to minimize solar absorption. The designed structure minimizes solar absorption with an average absorptivity of 5.0% in the solar region (0.3–2.5 μm) while strongly emitting thermal radiation with an average emissivity of 86.0% in the atmospheric transparency window (8–13 μm). The designed and fabricated structure achieves daytime net cooling flux of 84.8 W m−2 and 70.6 W m−2, respectively, under the direct AM 1.5 solar irradiation (SI) (total heat flux of 892 W m−2 in the 0.3–2.5 μm wavelength region). Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a passive radiative cooling of the fabricated selective emitter through a 72-hour day-night cycle, showing an average and maximum temperature reduction of 3.1 °C and 6.0 °C, respectively. Our approach provides additional degrees of freedom by designing both materials and thickness and thereby is expected to allow high-performance daytime radiative cooling.

Influence of different organic mulches on soil hydrothermal and plant growth parameters in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different mulching materials on soil hydrothermal environment and plant growth parameters for potato crop at field experimental station of National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur in the humid sub-tropical agro climate of Western Himalayas. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four mulching treatments; wheat straw mulch, pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch and no mulch in three replications. An increase in soil moisture retention ranging from 5.14% to 42% was observed depending upon the mulch material and depth of the soil layer in root zone. Mulching also reduced the daily maximum soil temperature up to 3.5ºC with an average temperature reduction of 1-2ºC during the period of tuber formation. Mulching produced beneficial effects on root depth, plant height, leaf area index and tuber yield. Mulching helped to bring about a yield surplus of 1.7-4.4 tonnes ha-1 over unmulched conditions and an increase in water use efficiency which varied from 13.5% in rice straw mulch to 34.9 % inwheat straw mulch.

Thermohydraulic and thermodynamics performance of hybrid nanofluids based parabolic trough solar collector equipped with wavy promoters

This article presents a numerical analysis on the thermohydraulic and thermodynamic performance of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) receiver's tube equipped with wavy promoters. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the aid of finite volume method (FVM) is adopted to examine the flow and thermal features of the PTSC's tube receiver. The Reynolds number in the range of 5000–100000 with four fluid inlet temperatures in the range of 400–650 K are utilised. Three different advanced hybrid nanofluids (Fe2O3-GO, Fe2O3–SiC and Fe2O3–TiO2) dispersed in Syltherm oil 800 are employed inside the PTSC's receiver tube. The numerical outcomes are verified with the available correlations and with other numerical and experimental data available in the open literature. The numerical results reveal that the utilisation of wavy promoters inside the PTSC's receiver tube can significantly augment the thermal performance, where the average Nusselt number is improved by 150.4% when utilising Fe2O3-GO/Syltherm oil hybrid nanofluids at 2.0% concentration instead of Syltherm oil. Furthermore, the maximum reduction in the absorber's average outlet temperature is in the range of 7–31 °C. The overall thermal evaluation criterion (PEC) is found to be in the range of 1.24–2.46 using bricks-shaped nanoparticles. The results show that the thermal efficiency increased by 18.51% and the exergetic efficiency increased by 16.21%. The maximum reduction in the entropy generation rate and the entropy generation ratio are about 48.27% and 52.6% respectively. New correlations for Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal efficiency for PTSC tube having wavy promoters using hybrid nanofluids are developed.

Modelling and Numerical simulation of Nano-enhanced PV-PCM System for Heat Transfer Augmentation from the Panel

Phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively cool photovoltaic (PV) panels by the passive cooling technique, thereby enhancing its direct energy conversion efficiency. However, generally, PCMs have low thermal conductivity, and different methods can be employed to improve the heat transfer rate. Cooling techniques based on phase change materials (PCMs) enhanced by nano-sized solid particles are very promising. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the performance analysis of PV attached with nano-enhanced PCM (NEPCM) integrated with fins and compare the same with that of pure PCM case. The system is oriented in a horizontal position and subjected to constant solar radiation flux of 1000 W/m 2. The PCM selected is RT25HC, and the nanoparticle used is CuO for the numerical study. The effects of volumetric concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4%) and fin number on the performance of the system are investigated numerically. Results show that adding nanoparticles is more effective in no fin case compared to finned cases. The maximum reduction in average PV temperature of 2.02 °C is obtained for no fin case with the nanoparticles’ volumetric concentration of 4%. Further enhancement in liquid fraction and energy storage in NEPCM is also achieved compared to the pure PCM system.

A facile approach to achieve subambient radiative cooling through aluminum foils and polyethylene bubble wrap

Subambient radiative cooling is an emerging passive cooling strategy that simultaneously reflects the incident solar irradiance to depress the heat gain and radiates heat from objects to enhance the heat loss without any electricity consumption from compressor-based air-conditioning. Although numerous efforts have been dedicated to developing materials, such as complicated photonic crystals and metamaterials or expensive polymer composites with both high solar reflectance and infrared emittance, the gap still exists between efficient radiative cooling performance and an affordable radiative cooling device. Here, a facile, low-cost, and home-built approach to achieve efficient subambient radiative cooling, which employs commercially available materials of the polyethylene (PE) bubble wrap and aluminum foils, is reported for scalable industrial and domestic applications. The aluminum foils are infrared-reflective and sunlight-opaque, acting as a solar shield and infrared waveguide, which can both block the solar irradiation and guide infrared thermal radiation to the cold outer space. PE thin film is infrared-transparent with a high mid-infrared transmittance that allows mid-infrared thermal radiation to pass through. It is thermally insulating with a low thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/m ⋅ K after being fabricated into air-filled bubbles to minimize parasitic non-radiative heat transfer. An average subambient temperature reduction of 4.0°C has been achieved during the noontime in summer. These commercially available materials make this design a practical technique for people to realize an affordable and comfortable interior environment during the summer in a cost-effective manner without any professional constructions. The nature of low-cost, home-built, and easily integrated into buildings renders it attractive for everyone, especially for those in developing regions.

Performance Evaluation of Truck Equipped with the Evaporative Cooling System during Transportation of Vegetable

The research describes the development of an evaporative cooling system in a non-refrigerated truck for the short-term storage of vegetables during transportation. The system comprises an evaporative cooler, storage unit, power supply, control panel, and real-time data monitoring for temperature and relative humidity. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was conducted to investigate the temperature and airflow distributions in the evaporative-cooled storage unit for five different configurations of air inlet and outlet. The configuration of one air inlet (front — lower left) and two air outlets (top — front and back centre) of the storage unit was shown to provide optimum temperature and airflow distributions and hence, was applied in the system modification. The functionality and performance of the modified system were then evaluated in terms of the cooling profile of the storage units and leafy vegetable quality for the fresh market. Three storage treatments for the selected vegetable were investigated, i.e., evaporative-cooled truck (T1), canvas truck (T2), and cold truck (T3) during a five-hour journey from Cameron Highlands to Serdang. The average temperature inside the storage units was T3 < T1 < T2. Evaporative-cooled truck exhibited an average temperature reduction (DT) of 10°C from the ambient condition. It also demonstrated a relative humidity of >90%, which was in agreement with the recommended relative humidity for leafy vegetable storage. Post-five-hour storage treatments, vegetable stored under T1 exhibited the least weight loss as compared to T2 and T3. The results indicated that the evaporative cooling system manages to preserve vegetable quality soon after harvesting, hence the potential to reduce postharvest loss during transportation.

Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Air Cooler System by Using Variable-Pulse Current for Building Applications

The thermoelectric air conditioning system (TE-AC) is a small, noiseless alternative to standard vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. The cooling characteristics of a TE-AC system operating under two conditions, i.e., steady current and current pulses, are investigated in this study. This system consists of three thermoelectric modules, a heat sink, and an air circulation fan. The result shows that maximum temperature reduction in cooling side of TE-AC system was achieved at 6 A input current under steady state operation. The optimum performance of the TE-AC system under steady state operation depends upon the combined effect of the cooling load, Joule, Fourier, and Peltier heat. In TE-AC pulse operation, both current width and cooling load applied on the cold side of the thermoelectric module (TEMs) play an important role in achieving optimum cooling performance of the system. When normal input current operation (i.e., no current pulse) was compared to pulse-operated TE-AC system operation, it was found that pulse operation provides an additional average temperature reduction of 3–4 °C on the cold side of TEMs. Although on the hot side, it maintains a temperature in the range of 18 °C to 24 °C to reduce overshoot heat flux. The duration of operation is also important in determining pulse width and pulse amplitude. Minimum and overshoot peak temperature rises during each cycle for longer run operation. In the TE-AC system, the accumulated Joule heat during a current pulse frequently causes a temperature overshoot, which lasts much longer. As a result, the next current pulse was not released until the temperature of TE was restored to its initial value.

CFD Simulation of an Internally Cooled Biomass Fixed-Bed Combustion Plant

The reduction of bed temperature in fixed-bed biomass combustion is an effective measure to lower pollutant emissions. Air staging and bed cooling solutions are active strategies to decrease the fuel bed temperature. This work presents a CFD study of a biomass fixed-bed combustion plant that is equipped with an internal cooling bed system. Eight different cases are calculated to analyze the effect of the total airflow, air staging ratios and bed cooling system on biomass combustion. The findings are validated against experimental data from the literature. The results show good accordance between the numerical results and the experimental data. The primary airflow rate has the biggest influence on the bed’s maximum temperatures. The internal bed cooling system is able to achieve an average bed temperature reduction of 21%, slowing the biomass thermal conversion processes. Bed cooling techniques can be combined with air staging and primary airflow reduction to reduce bed temperatures in order to reduce pollutant emissions and other undesirable phenomena, such as fouling or slagging.

Interactions of wakes and shock waves with two-phase air/mist cooling in a transonic gas turbine stage

A 2-D two-phase numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of interactions of moving wakes and shock waves on mist cooling performance over airfoils in a transonic gas turbine stage. The two-phase flow consists of a continuous phase (i.e., air) and a dispersed phase (i.e., mist). The tracking and evaporation of the mist are simulated by using the discrete phase model (DPM). The interactions between the droplets themselves with respect to collision and breakup were simulated by using the breakup and coalescence sub-models. The motion of the rotor domain was simulated by using the linear sliding mesh technique to study the transient stator-rotor interaction. The results show that the passing unsteady wakes caused by the blade rotation press the mist toward the blade surface, providing more enhanced film cooling effectiveness. The oblique shock wave was observed downstream of the vanes passage. The lambda shock wave was observed downstream of the blades passage. Both shock waves did not exert noticeable effect on the air/mist cooling performance. Injecting a 10% mist ratio noticeably improved the cooling enhancement by obtaining a maximum temperature reduction of 200 K and an average temperature reduction of 51 K on the vane, and a maximum of 350 K reduction and an average of 24 K reduction on the blade surface under the influence of wakes and shocks. Injecting the tiny water droplets increased the total pressure losses by 0.1% on the vane and 4% on the blade compared to the air cooling case. Injecting mist has negligible effect on the formations of shocks/wakes and their corresponding behaviors.

Influence of encapsulation materials on the thermal performance of concentrator photovoltaic cells

The Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) layer in the polycrystalline solar cells suffers from lower thermal conductivity. Therefore, this work presents a numerical study for a possible way to enhance the thermal conductivity of the lower encapsulant layer. A comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) model is proposed to evaluate the conventional and modified solar cell performance. The ongoing research study can be achieved by doping three different nanoparticles of Boron Nitride (BN), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and Silicon Carbide (SiC) with loading ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% to the lower EVA matrix layer. The present numerical work was conducted under 20 suns concentration ratio and variable coolant flowrates. The findings reveal that a significant reduction in local and average solar cell temperature is achieved for all studied cases, especially at a 30% loading ratio of n-SiC. Moreover, it is observed that the net gained electrical power was enhanced by 7.16% at the same SiC loading ratio. However, ZnO and BN fillers reported a slight percentage increase of 6.77% and 5.95%, respectively. The thermal and electrical efficiency has been improved with the new EVA-nanoparticle layer due to lower average cell temperature. Therefore, at 1200 ml/h, the thermal and electrical efficiency achieved the highest value in SiC than BN and ZnO; the maximum value was reported 70.02% for thermal efficiency and 16.94% for electrical one.

Vertical green walls for noise and temperature reduction – An experimental investigation

The abundance of heat-trapping asphalt and concrete, smog, and heat emitted from buildings and vehicles is one of the major reasons for the prevailing high temperature, air and noise pollution in cities. Incorporation of green wall in buildings is considered to be an effective method to reduce temperature and mitigate environmental pollution. This study investigated and compared the performance of two types of climbing green wall (CGW) and paving green wall (PGW) vegetation for temperature and noise reduction. Besides, the biological characteristics of Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Sedum lineare Thunb were also analyzed to substantiate the temperature and noise reduction performance of these plants. The results revealed that, the average temperature reduction by CGW and PGW were 4.9% ± 1.3% and 16.6% ± 7.4%, respectively, under no irrigation condition, and 18.4% ± 9.4% and 23.8% ± 8.7%, respectively, under irrigation condition. The noise reduction by CGW in high (75–80 dB), medium (50–55 dB) and low (30–35 dB) sound pressure level was 12.4, 7.5 and 5.7 dB, respectively, and 15.6, 9.3 and 7.0 dB, respectively, by PGW. The results demonstrated that green wall has an excellent effect on buildings toward temperature and noise pollution reduction.

Mechanically Robust and Spectrally Selective Convection Shield for Daytime Subambient Radiative Cooling.

As a passive cooling strategy, radiative cooling is becoming an appealing approach to dissipate heat from terrestrial emitters to the outer space. However, the currently achieved cooling performance is still underperforming due to considerable solar radiation absorbed by the emitter and nonradiative heat transferred from the surroundings. Here, we proposed a mechanically robust and spectrally selective convection shield composed of nanoporous composite fabric (NCF) to achieve daytime subambient radiative cooling. By selectively reflecting ∼95% solar radiation, transmitting ∼84% thermal radiation, and suppressing the nonradiative heat transferred from warmer surroundings, the NCF-based radiative cooler demonstrated an average daytime temperature reduction of ∼4.9 °C below the ambient temperature, resulting in an average net radiative cooling power of ∼48 W/m2 over a 24 h measurement. In addition, we also modeled the potential cooling capacity of the NCF-based radiative cooler and demonstrated that it can cover the cooling demands of energy-efficient residential buildings in most regions of China. Excellent spectral selectivity, mechanical strength, and weatherability of the NCF cover enable a much broader selection for the emitters, which is promising in the real-world deployment of direct daytime subambient radiative cooling.

Simple dual-layer emitter for daytime radiative cooling

This work experimentally demonstrates a simple dual-layer emitter, which is easy to prepare and can be applied to effective daytime radiative cooling. The emitter consists of a 200-µm-thick polydimethylsiloxane film on top of a 120-nm-thick Ag film, which is coated on a fused silica wafer or a plastic substrate. Due to the high reflectivity from the visible to the near-infrared and near-black emittance in the mid-infrared, the experimental results show that both structures have similar daytime radiative cooling performance. During the testing period, the typical ambient air temperature is 14-26 °C, the local wind speed is 1.6-2.6 m/s, and the relative humidity is 45-73%. We experimentally demonstrate that the emitter can achieve an average temperature reduction of about 3.3 °C from the ambient air temperature under direct sunlight. And the potential cooling power density is about 72.7 W/m2. In the presence of non-ideal atmospheric conditions and significant non-radiative heat exchange, theoretical simulations are in good agreement with the measurements. This work indicates that the dual-layer emitter may be a key element in the realization of energy-efficient radiative cooling devices.

Application Phase Behavior-Guided Thermal Management of Embedded Platforms

This letter presents a scheduling policy for multicore embedded applications based on their thermal phase behavior. The thermal phase-guided task allocation allows the scheduler to allocate tasks that run at elevated temperature to low-power cores while others running at normal temperature to high performing cores. The proposed phase-based thermal aware technique shows 15.4 °C reduction in average temperature and 30.5 °C in peak temperature when experimented with PARSEC benchmark applications targeted on the ODROID XU4 embedded platform.