Average Reading Research Articles

EXPRESS: Design and Analysis of Efficient Sequencing Policies for Linear Cold Storage Devices

In this paper, we investigate the problem of sequencing data requests for linear devices, such as magnetic tapes, to minimize response time in cold-storage solutions for archival data. Tapes are the technology of choice for long-term storage due to their reliability, low costs, security, and significant energy savings. However, physical limitations on tape pose challenges to policy implementation, which must be scalable on low-power hardware. We provide a theoretical and numerical analysis of existing policies and introduce new ones, identifying cases where each is applicable and evaluating their theoretical performance in terms of the number of requested files. In particular, we show that the standard first-in, first-out (FIFO) policy can be arbitrarily inefficient and investigate novel constant-ratio approximations and polynomial-time procedures. If data on the frequency with which each file is accessed is available, we consider a dynamic programming procedure to minimize a stochastic variant of the problem, providing a constant-time approximation for arbitrary file requests. We also investigate a quality criterion based on makespan and explore online variants of the problem. Our numerical analysis, conducted on both synthetic and real-world data from an industry partner, offers insights into when each policy is most appropriate, identifying cases where the proposed algorithms significantly outperform traditional policies, like FIFO, in terms of average reading times. This study has managerial implications, as current data retrieval practices in data centers are often limited to traditional policies with unknown theoretical performance. Our methodological and numerical analysis provides evidence of the value in appropriately sequencing requests based on tape structure, guiding algorithm choice and highlighting underlying trade-offs in response times.

Enhancing Patient Comprehension of Glomerular Disease Treatments Using ChatGPT.

Background/Objectives: It is often challenging for patients to understand treatment options, their mechanisms of action, and the potential side effects of each treatment option for glomerular disorders. This study explored the ability of ChatGPT to simplify these treatment options to enhance patient understanding. Methods: GPT-4 was queried on sixty-seven glomerular disorders using two distinct queries for a general explanation and an explanation adjusted for an 8th grade level or lower. Accuracy was rated on a scale of 1 (incorrect) to 5 (correct and comprehensive). Readability was measured using the average of the Flesch-Kincaid Grade (FKG) and SMOG indices, along with the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score. The understandability score (%) was determined using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P). Results: GPT-4's general explanations had an average readability level of 12.85 ± 0.93, corresponding to the upper end of high school. When tailored for patients at or below an 8th-grade level, the readability improved to a middle school level of 8.44 ± 0.72. The FRE and PEMAT-P scores also reflected improved readability and understandability, increasing from 25.73 ± 6.98 to 60.75 ± 4.56 and from 60.7% to 76.8% (p < 0.0001 for both), respectively. The accuracy of GPT-4's tailored explanations was significantly lower compared to the general explanations (3.99 ± 0.39 versus 4.56 ± 0.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: ChatGPT shows significant potential for enhancing the readability and understandability of glomerular disorder therapies for patients, but at a cost of reduced comprehensiveness. Further research is needed to refine the performance, evaluate the real-world impact, and ensure the ethical use of ChatGPT in healthcare settings.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NANOPORE SEQUENCERS MINION AND NANOPORUS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGEN NUCLEIC ACIDS

Introduction. Nanopore sequencing technologies have become a routine tool in science and medicine, they are widely used in the study of pathogen diversity and distribution and play a key role in field epidemiology.Objective. Comparative evaluation of the third-generation sequencers MinION and Nanoporus functional capabilities in the detection of pathogens in biological material, including comparison of the taxonomic composition determined using them with the results obtained on the second-generation reference platform MiSeq (Illumina).Materials and methods. A total of 138 archival DNA samples with known taxonomic composition (14 families, 20 genus and 43 species of viral and bacterial pathogens, totaling 169 pathogens) were analyzed. Nanopore sequencers MinION and Nanoporus with original flow cells R9.4.1 and R10.4.1 from ONT, as well as high-performance platform MiSeq from Illumina for preliminary identification of the composition of the samples containing different titers of pathogens nucleic acids of a number of taxonomic groups were used in the study. Comparative evaluation of the obtained data (number of sequences, average read quality scores (Qscore) for each nucleotide, GC-content of sequences, sequence length distribution, read duplication level) was performed using the MultiQC bioinformatics tool (version 1.20).Results. The MinION and Nanoporus devices identified 98.8% and 97.6% of pathogens, respectively, including understudied or new viruses. The use of the flow cell latest version on both devices significantly reduced the proportion of low-quality reads. The data obtained demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the results of the second and third-generation sequencers, which confirms the comparability and interchangeability of these technologies in the pathogen nucleic acid identification.Conclusions. The study results demonstrate the potential of MinION and Nanoporus nanopore sequencers for application in epidemiologic surveillance. The devices can provide high accuracy of pathogens of different nature identification and, due to their compactness and portability, can significantly increase the diagnostic and monitoring speed of infectious diseases.

Quality of vision with monofocal intraocular lens after cataract surgery: Comprehensive evaluation and graphical illustration.

To comprehensively characterize the quality of vision (QV) in an otherwise healthy population undergoing bilateral consecutive cataract surgery with the implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and to propose a graphical illustration. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal. Cross-sectional study. This study included patients that underwent sequential bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of a monofocal acrylic foldable single-piece IOL. Patients were evaluated at the 3rd postoperative month in terms of bilateral uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA); sphero-cylindrical refraction; bilateral reading speed and contrast sensitivity function (CSF); corneal topography/tomography; aberrometry; pupillometry; negative dysphotopsia (ND); Catquest-9SF and Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaires. Both eyes from 26 (n = 26) consecutive patients with mean age of 68 years ± 6.68 were included. UDVA mean was logMAR = 0.01 ± 0.04, and CDVA was logMAR = 0.00 ± 0.04. The average reading speed was 110.42 words/minute. The CSF showed a descendent curve for higher spatial frequencies and was lower with glare. ND was present in 1.92% of the patients. Catquest-9SF mean was 95.46% and QoV mean score was 4.48 points. A radar graph showing median scores across the multiple variables assessed was produced demonstrating a wide panorama of QV. Patients' satisfaction was correlated with CSF, reading speed, CNVA and residual spherical equivalent. To the author's best knowledge, this study establishes, for the first time, a comprehensive panorama of visual performance through a radar graph that can be utilized to describe the QV.

Readability of Online Pediatric Orthopaedic Trauma Patient Education Materials.

The importance of web resources for educating orthopaedic trauma patients is well recognized. Yet these resources often exceed the sixth-grade reading level and are too complex for most patients to understand. This study examines the readability of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' (AAOS) pediatric trauma-related educational content compared with similar materials from the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). Eleven AAOS (https://www.orthoinfo.org/) and nine POSNA (https://orthokids.org) pediatric trauma education articles were included. Articles' readability was assessed by two independent examiners using (1) the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) algorithms. The FKGL mean was compared with the sixth-grade level and the average American reading level using a one-sample t-test. A two-sample t-test evaluated the differences in readability between the AAOS and POSNA materials. A total of 15 unique articles were included. Excellent agreement (>90%) was noted between reviewers for FKGL and FRE. The average (SD) FKGL for AAOS and POSNA articles were 8.5 (0.8) and 9.0 (1.5), respectively, and the FRE scores were 61.2 (3.8) for AAOS and 61.7 (7.7) for POSNA. Only one AAOS article met the sixth-grade reading level. The average readability levels of the AAOS and POSNA articles were markedly higher than the recommended sixth-grade level (P < 0.001). No notable difference was found in FKGL (P = 0.47) or FRE (P = 0.89) when comparing AAOS and POSNA articles. This study indicates that the readability of the AAOS pediatric trauma and POSNA trauma-related articles is well above that which is recommended for the general public, and this has remained so for more than a decade. Both POSNA and AAOS trauma education materials have high readability levels, potentially hindering patient understanding. Improving the readability of these widely used trauma education resources is overdue and will likely improve patient comprehension.

Quality and Readability of Online Information on Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis

Objective PNE (Percutaneous needle electrolysis) is a relatively new and effective method used to treat musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate PNE-related websites in terms of information quality, readability and content. In addition, this study aimed to identify typologies of websites that provide highly reliable information about PNE. Methods On April 7, 2024, the term “percutaneous needle electrolysis” was searched on the Google search engine. The categories, quality, content, readability, The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) score were used for quality assessment, and the Flesch–Kincaid grade (FKG) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) were used for readability assessment. Results Of the 153 websites, 107 had high-quality content. The quality of professional websites and scientific publishing sites appeared to be high. There was no significant difference in quality between the initial 10 websites and the remaining websites (p = .317). The average readability scores of the websites were not at the recommended level. Conclusion Most PNE-related websites are of high quality, but do not meet the recommended readability levels. It is important to review existing online content on PNE and create new high quality content that meets the readability recommendations.

Evaluation of Breast Cancer Gene Type 1 (BRCA1) Protein Levels in Cancer Tissue Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy is a chemical process that utilizes the interaction between light and matter to get significant insights into the structure or characteristics of matter. Raman spectroscopy techniques, such as quantitative evaluation, early diagnostic capabilities, and elucidation of the spectral properties of tissues, are excellent candidates for use in research. In cancer, changes in genes and proteins expressed by related genes are associated with a poor prognosis and aggressive tumor characteristics. Due to modifications and regulatory steps in protein translation, the results of the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes may not correctly reflect the results of protein expression. For this reason, the mRNA and protein expressions of genes are studied in parallel in molecular studies on cancer. In our study, the breast cancer gene type 1 (BRCA1) gene, which is frequently studied in breast cancer and is relatively more difficult to measure by traditional methods due to its high molecular weight, was selected, and protein quantification was performed in tissue samples by Raman spectroscopy. With Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to obtain rapid and precise quantitative results even with a small amount of sample, so it is quite advantageous compared to traditional methods. In our study, we performed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to analyze the quantitative protein amount. SERS is a highly sensitive method for detecting compounds at low concentrations. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles modified with protein antibodies were used, and the target protein was withdrawn from the complex environment and transferred to an appropriate buffer environment. The calibration curve for BRCA1, which plots Raman intensity against concentration, was derived by calculating the average response reading from duplicate assays conducted under identical conditions. The BRCA1 protein levels of cells were determined from the regression curve of the BRCA1 protein. The relation between the concentration of BRCA1 protein and SERS spectrum intensity was determined to be logarithmic in the range of 300 µg·mL-1 to 292 ng·mL-1 (R2 = 0.9928, limit of detection = 10.41 µg·mL-1, and limit of quantitation = 31.24 µg·mL-1).

Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Monitoring Arus Bocor Pada Kabel Grounding Trafo Incoming 20 KV di Gardu Induk Nusa Dua Berbasis Internet Of Things

Failure of the grounding isolation on the 20 kV transformer incoming cable, resulting in leakage current. The leakage current on the grounding cable can change periodically, so an accurate and real-time monitoring system is required to protect the power transformer equipment and facilitate responsive handling. Therefore, an Internet of Things-based monitoring device is needed that can detect the magnitude of the leakage current present on the 20 kV secondary side of the transformer using an ESP8266 microcontroller and Arduino UNO R3 as the brain of the monitoring system, which controls and processes data from the input to output components. The SCT-013 current sensor is used to measure the AC current on the transformer incoming 20 kV grounding cable without requiring cable cutting, and the Arduino IDE is used to configure the program on the ESP8266 microcontroller to work according to the desired configuration. The results of the prototype testing using the ESP826 and Arduino UNO R3 microcontrollers and the SCT-013 current sensor have shown that the system can work well and the monitoring has been successfully implemented with real-time current monitoring using the Thinkspeak and Blynk platforms. The testing also proved that the SCT-013 current monitoring device can provide a comparison of the test results and measurements with a Tang Ampere, and the data obtained shows that the real-time SCT-013 current monitoring device is accurate, with an average reading error of less than 3% from the SCT-013 non-linearity specification, with a total reading error percentage of 2.0%. Additionally, the current monitoring device is precise, with the lowest standard deviation value of 0.046.

Pengaruh Metode Struktural Analitik Sintetik (SAS) Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Awal dan Menulis Awal Kelas 1 SDN Gili Anyar

The study, titled "The Influence of the Structural Analytic Synthetic (SAS) Method on Improving Early Reading Skills," examines the factors that contribute to students' reading difficulties, including (1) lack of knowledge about letters and (2) inability to understand the meaning of sentences being read. Therefore, the researcher implemented the SAS method as a strategy for early reading instruction. This research employed a quantitative experimental method to improve the reading abilities of first-grade students at SDN Gili Anyar. The study adopted a one-group pre-experimental design, consisting of pre-test and post-test phases. A quota sampling technique was used to select 22 first-grade students as participants. Data were collected through tests and observations, and a z-test was employed to assess the differences in mean scores before and after the intervention. The findings are as follows: 1) The average reading ability of the students before the intervention (pre-test) was 81.37, categorized as sufficient. 2)After the intervention (post-test), the average score improved to 91.17, categorized as very good. 3)The study concludes that the hypothesis (H1) is accepted, indicating that the SAS method effectively enhances the reading skills of first-grade students at SDN Gili Anyar.

Comparing the Accuracy of Two Generated Large Language Models in Identifying Health-Related Rumors or Misconceptions and the Applicability in Health Science Popularization: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Health-related rumors and misconceptions are spreading at an alarming rate, fueled by the rapid development of the internet and the exponential growth of social media platforms. This phenomenon has become a pressing global concern, as the dissemination of false information can have severe consequences, including widespread panic, social instability, and even public health crises. The aim of the study is to compare the accuracy of rumor identification and the effectiveness of health science popularization between 2 generated large language models in Chinese (GPT-4 by OpenAI and Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration Bot [ERNIE Bot] 4.0 by Baidu). In total, 20 health rumors and misconceptions, along with 10 health truths, were randomly inputted into GPT-4 and ERNIE Bot 4.0. We prompted them to determine whether the statements were rumors or misconceptions and provide explanations for their judgment. Further, we asked them to generate a health science popularization essay. We evaluated the outcomes in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, readability, and applicability. Accuracy was assessed by the rate of correctly identifying health-related rumors, misconceptions, and truths. Effectiveness was determined by the accuracy of the generated explanation, which was assessed collaboratively by 2 research team members with a PhD in nursing. Readability was calculated by the readability formula of Chinese health education materials. Applicability was evaluated by the Chinese Suitability Assessment of Materials. GPT-4 and ERNIE Bot 4.0 correctly identified all health rumors and misconceptions (100% accuracy rate). For truths, the accuracy rate was 70% (7/10) and 100% (10/10), respectively. Both mostly provided widely recognized viewpoints without obvious errors. The average readability score for the health essays was 2.92 (SD 0.85) for GPT-4 and 3.02 (SD 0.84) for ERNIE Bot 4.0 (P=.65). For applicability, except for the content and cultural appropriateness category, significant differences were observed in the total score and scores in other dimensions between them (P<.05). ERNIE Bot 4.0 demonstrated similar accuracy to GPT-4 in identifying Chinese rumors. Both provided widely accepted views, despite some inaccuracies. These insights enhance understanding and correct misunderstandings. For health essays, educators can learn from readable language styles of GLLMs. Finally, ERNIE Bot 4.0 aligns with Chinese expression habits, making it a good choice for a better Chinese reading experience.

Evaluating Readability and Reliability of Online Information Provided by Pancreas Transplant Centers in the United States.

The decision of proceeding with a pancreas transplant (PTx) is a complex one, and patient education is important to allow transplant candidates to make an informed and autonomous decision. In this study, we assessed the readability and reliability of online information provided by PTx centers in the United States. Websites of PTx centers active between 2022 and 2023 were searched for patient information on pancreas transplantation. Readability was assessed using eight validated formulas. Reliability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association criteria. Of 117 PTx centers, 57 provided online information material. High-volume centers were more likely to provide patient information compared to medium- and low-volume centers (76.6%, 45.6%, 34.6%, respectively). Average readability was at the 11th grade and beyond, with no difference among the three groups (11.9, 11.4, 11.4). Reliability was low, with two centers providing information on the material sources. Only one center provided information in a language other than English. Readability of online material on PTx provided by US transplant centers is low, well above the recommended 6thgrade-level. Transplant centers, national societies and patient advocacy groups should collaborate in developing information material that is evidence-based, easy to read, and available in multiple languages.

Internet as a Source of Public Health Information on Acupuncture for Pain Relief: Credibility Assessment and Readability Analysis.

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of patients seeking information from online health websites. As the information available on these websites can significantly impact the overall health of individuals in a society, it is vital for online health information to be presented in a manner that is readable and credible to the general public. To address this concern, the objective of the study was to examine and assess the credibility and readability of websites about acupuncture as a pain management approach. The research population was represented by websites containing information about pain management using acupuncture found through Google, Yahoo, and Bing search engines and with the keywords acupuncture and pain. The websites were evaluated in terms of confirming HON and JAMA criteria. FRE, GFI, FKGL, CLI, SMOG, and ARI indexes were used to assess their readability, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the data. This study evaluated 52 websites that appeared on the first three pages of search engine results. Out of the 52 websites analyzed, 40 websites (76.9%) met the validity criteria set by JAMA, while only 21 websites (40.4%) were deemed valid based on the HONcode standards. According to the average readability index (12.38), the contents presented on the websites were at the Difficult to Read level. The mean readability scores of websites across various domains exhibit no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The majority of websites that provide acupuncture-related information do meet the verification set by HONcode. Additionally, the scientific and educational content on these websites tends to be more complex than what is recommended by the AMA and NIH. This is concerning given the increasing popularity of online content and the impact it has on public health. Providers of this information must prioritize making it readable to a wide audience.

Integrated IoT-Based Fire Prevention and Evacuation System for High-Rise Buildings

Conventional fire protection systems, characterized by low installation costs, often lack the sophistication to provide optimal protection, especially in high-rise buildings. This study aims to refine the operational productivity concerning fire prevention and evacuation by embracing a detailed fire safety framework that leverages Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. This prototype integrates SMS and phone call alerts to facilitate timely response in case of fire detection. The system utilizes three key sensors: a KY-026 flame sensor module, an MQ-2 gas and gas sensor, and an LM35 temperature sensor. Testing results indicate significant sensor value variations between normal and fire conditions. The KY-026 flame sensor module, for instance, exhibited an average reading of 137.3 under normal conditions and 895.2 during fire detection. Similarly, the MQ-2 sensor recorded 1234.7 ppm and 4237.8 ppm, respectively. The LM35 temperature sensor measured 28.34°C and 48.46°C under normal and high-temperature conditions. Despite the sensors showcasing commendable efficacy, they displayed a minor error margin fluctuating between 0.04% and 1.08%.

REAL-TIME MONITORING OF PLTS USING IOT TECHNOLOGY WEB-BASED

Conventional monitoring systems have several weaknesses, including limitations in acquiring real-time physical parameters, which impact performance. Additionally, human errors often hinder data quality, further compounded by the inability to respond swiftly to rapid changes in physical parameters due to diverse operating conditions. To address these challenges, an innovative method has been developed for solar panel current and voltage monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system relies on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and the INA219 sensor to monitor the current and voltage of the solar power system. Data obtained by the sensor is collected in real-time, stored in a cloud-based database, and visualized through a web platform. This allows users to monitor the system remotely and access solar panel performance information. Measurements indicate that discrepancies between manual and web-based data are within 2%. The average manual readings of PV voltage and current are 16.96 volts and 119.66 mA, while the web-based readings are 16.98 volts and 118.38 mA. The differences in voltage and current are 0.12% and 1.07%, respectively. The average battery voltage is recorded at 10.5 volts, while the DC motor load shows a voltage difference of 0.63% and a current difference of 1.15%. The battery power test also indicates a difference of 0.65%. This system is effective because it provides real-time access from any location, facilitates quick responses to anomalies, and supports maintenance planning by storing historical data.

Exploring the correlation between translation methods and quality in Mandarin-Indonesian: A case study

This study examines how approaches affect the quality of translating the Mandarin children's narrative "对小虎的称赞" into Indonesian. This study examines how approaches affect translation quality. This study investigates how approaches affect Mandarin-to-Indonesian children's story translation quality, unlike earlier studies. This study uses qualitative research. This study found that the most common method of translating source data into the target language was literal translation. 87.70% of the data underwent literal translation, exhibiting average readability, accuracy, and acceptability. The average readability, correctness, and acceptability of semantic translation, 3.45% of total data, was good. Free translation comprised 49 cases (5.63% of total data) with worse readability, accuracy, and acceptability. We applied communicative translation to 0.92% of the data, which was readable, accurate, and acceptable. Faithful translation had 13 occurrences (1.49% of total data) of illegible, inaccurate, and poor translation. We adapted 0.57% of the data with legible, accurate, and acceptable translations. According to these data, translation method choice strongly impacts translation quality.

Evaluasi Program Literasi Dengan Model CIPP Di MTSN 2 Kota Bekasi

This study aims to evaluate the literacy program at MTSN 2 Kota Bekasi using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. This model was chosen to provide a comprehensive analysis of the program's success and recommendations for improvement. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving students, teachers, the head of the madrasah, and parents. The evaluation results in the Context component indicate that the literacy program's objectives align with the madrasah's vision, although parental involvement needs strengthening. In the Input component, the competence of human resources and supporting facilities are deemed sufficient, yet diversifying book collections and increasing parental engagement remain challenges. The Process component shows that literacy activities such as workshops, writing competitions, and literacy campaigns have been well-executed, but more thorough socialization and evaluation are needed. The Product component reveals positive outcomes, with a 60% increase in students' reading interest, a 66.67% increase in average reading time, and a 90% increase in book collections. However, challenges include a lack of innovative literacy teaching methods among non-language teachers and stereotypes that literacy programs are solely the responsibility of language teachers. The study recommends developing a more structured and technology-based literacy program, intensive teacher training, and regular monitoring to ensure the program's sustainability. These improvements are expected to make the literacy program at MTSN 2 Kota Bekasi more effective in fostering a sustainable literacy culture.

Variation in second-grade reading in children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing.

We investigated relations between kindergarten precursors and second-grade reading skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, and aimed to identify subgroups based on reading skills, in order to explore early signs of later reading delays. DHH children (n= 23, Mage kindergarten = 6.25) participated from kindergarten-second grade. They were tested on phonological awareness, letter knowledge, spoken vocabulary, speechreading, fingerspelling, and sign vocabulary in kindergarten, and word decoding and reading comprehension in second grade. In second grade, word decoding scores were low-average while reading comprehension scores were below average compared to hearing norms. Word decoding correlated with phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and spoken vocabulary. Reading comprehension correlated with all measures except fingerspelling. Cluster analysis identified three second-grade-reading subgroups; group-1: below-average word decoding and reading comprehension; group-2: high-average word decoding, below-average reading comprehension; group-3: average word decoding and reading comprehension. Furthermore, group-1 differed from group-2 and group-3 on word decoding, group-1 and group-2 differed from group-3 in reading comprehension. Regarding kindergarten measures, group-1 scored below group-2 on letter knowledge, and below group-3 on spoken and sign vocabulary. We found that particularly letter knowledge and spoken and sign vocabulary seem to be crucial for the development of reading skills 2 years later.

Design and Build Smart Farming Automatic Plant Watering Based on the Internet of Things

The agricultural sector is important in every country, especially in Indonesia, where the majority of the population are farmers. The problem faced in this modern era is that the agricultural system still uses traditional methods which are less efficient in the use of time. The main aim of this research is to make the agricultural sector more superior in Indonesia, to increase the efficiency of agricultural production using IoT (internet of things) technology. The research method used is by detecting the water content in the soil, temperature and humidity in the air and the weather on agricultural land. The tools and materials used are soil moisture sensors and ESP32. Soil moisture levels are also adjusted by irrigation using a water pump. If the soil humidity is below the limit, the humidity sensor will send information data to the ESP32 module and the data will be sent to the IoT (Internet of things) platform. ESP32 collects data from all sensors and connects the data to the cloud and displays it in Blynk. The results of this research were that the highest solar panel voltage read by the multimeter was 20.5 V and the lowest was 18.3 V. The soil moisture sensor can work according to commands, when the soil moisture condition is (&lt; 50) the pump will turn on and when the soil condition is (&gt; 50) the pump will not turn on. The INA219 sensor displays the voltage, current and power of the load when it is on or off. The average error read from the INA219 sensor voltage is 2.515%, the highest error is 5.6% and the lowest is 0.8%.

How Useful are Current Chatbots Regarding Urology Patient Information? Comparison of the Ten Most Popular Chatbots' Responses About Female Urinary Incontinence.

This research evaluates the readability and quality of patient information material about female urinary incontinence (fUI) in ten popular artificial intelligence (AI) supported chatbots. We used the most recent versions of 10 widely-used chatbots, including OpenAI's GPT-4, Claude-3 Sonnet, Grok 1.5, Mistral Large 2, Google Palm 2, Meta's Llama 3, HuggingChat v0.8.4, Microsoft's Copilot, Gemini Advanced, and Perplexity. Prompts were created to generate texts about UI, stress type UI, urge type UI, and mix type UI. The modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) technique and QUEST (Quality Evaluating Scoring Tool) were used to assess the quality, and the average of 8 well-known readability formulas, which is Average Reading Level Consensus (ARLC), were used to evaluate readability. When comparing the average scores, there were significant differences in the mean mQEIP and QUEST scores across ten chatbots (p = 0.049 and p = 0.018). Gemini received the greatest mean scores for mEQIP and QUEST, whereas Grok had the lowest values. The chatbots exhibited significant differences in mean ARLC, word count, and sentence count (p = 0.047, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). For readability, Grok is the easiest to read, while Mistral is highly complex to understand. AI-supported chatbot technology needs to be improved in terms of readability and quality of patient information regarding female UI.

Rethinking content design for Small 3cp Units

A new early childhood course at the University of New England (UNE) has been developed with a combination of 3cp and 6cp units. The 3cp units were developed with consideration to the UNE early childhood student cohort. Research on current early childhood students indicated that they are working full time alongside their studies in early childhood environments, and they can find the transition from TAFE to University difficult. The course was designed so that students started their degree with the 3cp units, with the aim to build their confidence and competence in academic skills, and include relevant and practical content that could be applied within their early childhood context. The purpose of this pecha kucha is to provide an example of practice in development of smaller credit point units across a whole course. The learning design team and early childhood team at UNE worked collaboratively on the new course design. As the early childhood team had a full-time teaching load while content development was also a priority, early childhood researchers were engaged to write content. We wanted to design the 3cp units with a consistent approach across the course and with a similar pedagogical flavour. Traditionally, we also noticed that when creating unit content and assessment, content writers often focused on the ‘hours’ model of developing to 150 hours per unit (for a 6cp unit). The challenge was to consider the right amount of content for 3cp units for our student audience. We needed to shift thinking from the ‘hours’ model to ensure that the development of 3cp content was led by the learning outcomes and assessment requirements, with content being scaffolded into this, also known as backwards design (Davis et al., 2021). McEwan et al. (2023) identify that in academic development and curriculum design, it is necessary to provide a balance between theory and practice. So, we developed a guidance note for staff who were writing content, and a corresponding template in which to develop the content. The guidance note encouraged staff to think differently from the hours model, and encouraged content writers to think practically about the various tasks they were asking students to complete. For example, we researched average reading speeds in online environments and how this may impact the length of time to read and comprehend topic notes. We also developed a consistent structure for content within the 3cp units that we thought would be reasonable. This was the starting point for content writers to develop content. The benefit of this is that most 3cp units have approximately the same amount of content and number of topics, aiming to create a consistent student experience. We are currently conducting research to determine the effectiveness of the 3cp units, and if they are targeted appropriately for students to help them transition from TAFE to University, and if they find the workload too much or too little. This research may also be relevant for the development of other short courses in higher education institutions.