Average Pulse Research Articles

The effect of walking physical exercise on blood pressure of the pedestrian community in Penjaringan Sari Surabaya

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is one of the main causes of premature death in the world. Pharmacologically by administering anti-hypertensive drugs. In non-pharmacological management of hypertension can be done with a healthy lifestyle. A study states that the most appropriate non-pharmacological treatment for people with hypertension is exercise. This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The dependent variable in this study was walking physical exercise, while the independent variables in this study consisted of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The subjects of this study were 30 members of the pedestrian community, who were divided by purposive sampling into the treatment group and the control group. The tools used to obtain primary data in this study were the results of measuring blood pressure before and after walking. The results of the study: 1) there is a difference in the average pulse rate between the pretest and post-test in both the treatment and control groups; 2) there is an effect of walking physical exercise on pulse rate; 3) there is a difference in the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between pretest and post-test; 4) there is a difference in the average blood pressure between the pretest and post-test of the control group; 5) there is no effect of physical exercise walking on blood pressure; 6) There was no difference in blood pressure and pulse between the treatment and control groups. In conclusion, the physical exercise of walking for 1 week could reduce pulse rate but could not reduce systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Timing and Single-pulse Study of Pulsar J1909+0122 Discovered by CRAFTS

We report the discovery of PSR J1909+0122 by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) as part of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey. PSR J1909+0122 has a spin period of 1.257 s and a dispersion measure of 186.2 pc cm−3. The averaged pulse profile shows two distinct components. We performed a single-pulse study based on a one-hour observation at 1.25 GHz on 2021 August 23. We used a threshold of 5σ ep to measure the nulling fraction (NF) as 63% ± 1.5%. The longitude-resolved fluctuation spectra and fast Fourier transform spectra of the binary sequences revealed the quasi-periodicity of nulling with a period of 30 rotation periods. We examined the reliability of the periodicity by comparing it to random noise injection. The NF, , and modulation periodicity P M of PSR J1909+0122 were compared with other periodic nulling pulsars, showing that the source of J1909+0122 has the second largest NF in the population. Long-term timing observations over six months were used to derive the phase-connected ephemeris of this pulsar. The measured P and values disfavor dipolar geometry for polar gap models, and the prediction for a space-charge-limited flow model in the case of inverse Compton scattering is only just above the death line. In this work, PSR J1909+0122 has revealed possible correlations between nulling behavior and pulsar properties, which will help to shed light on the pulsar emission mechanism and its temporal evolution in future observations.

Vehicle Exhaust Gases

Background: Vehicle emission gases have continued to play a significant role in causing air pollution and pose a significant global health challenge. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of vehicle emissions on the cardiorespiratory parameters of workers in motor parks. Materials and Methods: A combination of stratified sampling and simple random samplings were used in selecting the 11 motor parks and 330 participants that were surveyed. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic factors and symptoms of cardiorespiratory diseases. Blood pressure, respiratory rates, and pulse rates were measured using electronic sphygmomanometer. The levels of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter were measured using gas sensor. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The cluster mean levels of CO, PM2.5, NO2 levels, and SO2 concentrations in the parks were 5.3 mg/m3, 4.9 μg/m3, 40 μg/m3, and 44 μg/m3, respectively. Of the 330 participants, 257 (77.9%) were males. The highest age group of participants came from 36 to 46 years bracket. Most of the participants had secondary education 171 (51.8%). Majority 127 (37.3%) had worked in the park for at least 5 years. The systolic blood pressure of the subjects clustered around 139.39 ± 20.10, diastolic blood pressure 97.20 ± 10.99, whereas the average pulse rate was 73.17 ± 11.57. The highest symptom recorded was coughing 174 (52.7%). There is a significant positive correlation between gas emissions and cardiorespiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Adequate monitoring and control of vehicle emissions as well as educating workers in motor parks on the health effects of vehicle emissions were recommended.

Sol-Gel growth of zinc oxide particles on graphene sheets for mode-locking in Thulium/Holmium-doped fiber laser

This work used Graphene/Zinc Oxide (G/ZnO) nanocomposite to generate mode-locked pulses in Thulium/Holmium-doped fiber (THDF). The sol-gel method was used to synthesize the ZnO particles decorated graphene sheets. The G/ZnO nanocomposite solution was deposited onto the arc-shaped fiber that had been fabricated to act as the saturable absorber (SA) device. The nonlinear optical response of G/ZnO-based SA was investigated via the twin detection approach, in which it exhibits a modulation depth of 14.11% and a saturation intensity of 4.23 MW cm−2. After incorporating the fabricated SA into the THDF laser cavity, mode-locked pulses were produced at a threshold pump power of 274.3 mW with a center wavelength of 1895.11 nm, fundamental frequency of 11.82 MHz, and a pulse duration of 1.7 ps. The maximum average output power and single pulse energy were determined to be 1.39 mW and 117 pJ, respectively. The mode-locked pulses generated were exceptionally stable, giving a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 58.2 dB. According to the findings of the current research, it is anticipated that the G/ZnO-arc-shaped fiber-based SA has the potential to produce stable mode-locked lasers in the 2.0 μm region.

Estimation of requirements for signal parameters at V-shaped frequency distribution in the mathematical model of a planar phased array antenna

A brief review provides methods of focusing electromagnetic radiation of a flat phased array antenna based on mutually consistent spatial-amplitude-phase-frequency control of the radiated signals and limitations of their potential capabilities arising from various random fluctuations of signal and antenna parameters. The performed statistical study revealed the influence of various random and deterministic changes in the electrical and structural parameters of antennas, control systems for radiated signals with a V-shaped frequency distribution over the aperture of a flat phased array on the peak power level, duration, and repetition period of focused pulses. The parameters of the law of spatial-amplitude-phase-frequency control should be stable for a time equal to the average pulse duration at the output of the emitters when forming a single spatiotemporal pulse, and when forming a sequence of spatiotemporal pulses within duration of this packet of spatiotemporal pulses. The requirements for the accuracy and stability of parameters of the space-phase-frequency signal control law are considered. The analyses of influence of various deviations from the set values of the parameters of the law of spatial-phase-frequency control of emitted signals in the channels of a multi-position system of emitters in the formation of sequences of spatiotemporal pulses is analyzed. It is shown that the influence of errors in the location of the phase centers of the emitters in the direction of radiation does not depend on the distance to the focusing point, but is significant and requires special measures to reduce them. The influence of initial phase setting errors on the characteristics of the generated sequence of spatiotemporal pulses also does not depend on the radiation time. The range of permissible values of the maximum initial phase setting errors behind the aperture of a flat phased antenna array, in which the decrease in the power flux density value does not exceed 10%, should not exceed p/3. The discreteness and random errors in establishing the initial phases of individual radiation sources of a flat phased array equal to p/3 practically do not affect the duration and repetition period of the sequence of spatiotemporal pulses.

Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: The mediating role of blood pressure and thrombospondin 3

Background & aimsAlthough hyperuricemia is a known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), little is known about the role of blood pressure in mediating this association. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of blood pressure-related indicators and Thrombospondin 3 (THBS3) in the association between hyperuricemia and CHD. Methods and resultsOur observational epidemiology study included 593 CHD cases and 760 controls from a residential stable sample. We also chose 43 new CHD patients and 43 controls to test the expression levels of THBS3 using ELISA kits. We used logistic regression models and mediating effect analysis to investigate the relationships between hyperuricemia and CHD, as well as the mediating role of blood pressure-related indicators and THBS3. In the general population (OR: 2.001 [95% CI: 1.528–2.622]), male population (OR: 1.591 [95% CI: 1.119–2.262]), and female population (OR: 2.813 [95% CI: 1.836–4.310]), hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CHD. In general, average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and average pulse pressure difference (PPD) mediated 3.35% and 4.59%, respectively, of the association between hyperuricemia and CHD, and 6.60% and 6.60% in women. However, in the male population, we have not yet found that blood pressure-related indicators had a significant mediating effect. Meanwhile, we found that THBS3 mediated 19.23% of the association between hyperuricemia and CHD. ConclusionsAverage SBP, PPD, and THBS3 all play a role in the association of hyperuricemia and CHD. In the female population, similar mediating results in blood pressure-related indicators were observed.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of using antennas with an asymmetric radiation pattern to reduce the influence of interference from the ground on detection with an average repetition rate in onboard pulse radars

Problem statement. To solve the problem of warning about possible collisions of small aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles intended for the development of hard-to-reach territories or for search and rescue operations, it is possible to use the prediction of the trajectory of aircraft using radar information about their coordinates. It is possible to increase the time of early detection of another aircraft on intersecting trajectories by reducing the level of interference from the earth's surface in a certain range of angles, which corresponds to the selected range of detection ranges. So for small aircraft, in order to avoid collisions on intersecting and catch–up courses, this is the near range area. The study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of radar detection using antennas with an asymmetric radiation pattern in the vertical plane. Research methods. The mathematical apparatus of the antenna array theory was actively used in the work, as well as the methodology for calculating the parameters of radar detection for airborne radars with an average pulse repetition rate. Purpose. By modeling, to evaluate the effectiveness of the effect of reducing the side lobes in a given range of angles in the plane at the angle of the place c on reducing the effect of interference from the Earth's surface on the near detection of small aircraft when the radar carrier is flying at low altitude. Results. The simulation results are presented, showing an improvement in conditions for near-range radar detection in onboard pulse-Doppler radars with an average pulse repetition rate when using antennas with an asymmetric directional function, characterized by a reduced level of lateral radiation in the lower hemisphere. Practical significance. The results of the work can be used in small-sized on-board pulse radars of low-altitude and low-speed carriers in order to increase the time of a temporary warning about the presence of other aircraft on the flight path. This task seems to be especially relevant when flying radar carriers in developed territories with difficult terrain.

Reconstruction of intermittent time series as a superposition of pulses.

Fluctuations in a vast range of physical systems can be described as a superposition of uncorrelated pulses with a fixed shape, a process commonly referred to as a (generalized) shot noise or a filtered Poisson process. In this paper, we present a systematic study of a deconvolution method to estimate the arrival times and amplitudes of the pulses from realizations of such processes. The method shows that a time series can be reconstructed for various pulse amplitude and waiting time distributions. Despite a constraint on positive-definite amplitudes, it is shown that negative amplitudes may also be reconstructed by flipping the sign of the time series. The method performs well under moderate amounts of additive noise, both white noise and colored noise having the same correlation function as the process itself. The estimation of pulse shapes from the power spectrum is accurate except for excessively broad waiting time distributions. Although the method assumes constant pulse durations, it performs well under narrowly distributed pulse durations. The most important constraint on the reconstruction is information loss, which limits the method to intermittent processes. The ratio between the sampling time and the average waiting time between pulses must be about 1/20 or smaller for a well-sampled signal. Finally, given the system forcing, the average pulse function may be recovered. This recovery is only weakly constrained by the intermittency of the process.

Low-noise, 2-W average power, 112-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 µm.

We report on an in-band pumped soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho3+-doped CaGdAlO4 (Ho:CALGO) bulk laser at 2.1 µm, generating 2 W of average power with 112 fs pulses at 91-MHz repetition rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power from a 100-fs class mode-locked laser based on a Tm3+ or Ho3+ doped bulk material. We show that the laser has excellent noise properties, with an integrated relative intensity noise of 0.02% and a timing jitter of 950 fs (rms phase noise 0.543 mrad) in the integration interval from 10 Hz to 10 MHz of offset frequency. The demonstrated combination of high average power, short pulses, and low noise makes this an outstanding laser source for many applications at 2.1 µm.

Negative DC corona patterns for different wire particle geometries in air insulation

This work deals with an investigation of negative corona discharge generated from standing wire particles in air insulation. Eight samples from different particle lengths and diameters were studied to understand the effect of particle geometries on discharge characteristics. The particle was stood artificially on the ground inside parallel plane electrodes and was energized with a positive HVDC generator. Pulse sequence analysis (PSA) technique was used to evaluate the corona discharge patterns and behaviors. Under the same applied voltage, it is concluded that an increase in particle length causes a rising trend on the average discharge current and pulse magnitude, as well as the pulses appear more frequent and fluctuate. Meanwhile, variation of the particle diameter shows that a larger particle size generates fewer pulses and a lower average discharge current. However, the pulse magnitude is higher and appears randomly with larger particle diameter. A simulation model based on Finite Element Method (FEM) was also established to explain the behaviors better. It is found that the pulse repetition rate is related to the electric field distribution and negative ions movement, while the pulse magnitude is related to ionization rate and positive ions velocity.

Зміна нормального профілю артеріального тиску за різних чинників стресу в пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією

Мета роботи – оцінити вплив різних зовнішніх чинників та стресу внаслідок повномасштабного військового вторгнення в Україну на добовий профіль артеріального тиску (АТ) у пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією.Матеріали і методи. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз пацієнтів, яким проводили добове моніторування АТ (ДМАТ) за останні 5 років. Період спостереження умовно розділили на кілька часових інтервалів: спостереження під час війни – період з 24 лютого 2022 р. до моменту відбору даних 01.07.2022 (1-ша група); період стресу та перенапруження внаслідок анонсованих бойових дій – від моменту попередження від різних організацій про можливий початок повномасштабного військового вторгнення з 3 грудня 2021 р. до початку бойових дій 24 лютого 2022 р. (2-га група); період психоемоційного перенапруження через пандемію коронавірусної інфекції та локдауну – з березня 2020 р. до жовтня 2021 р. (3-тя група); відносно спокійний період – із січня до грудня 2018 р. (4-та група, контрольна). У кожну групу методом випадкових чисел було відібрано по 20 пацієнтів. Усім пацієнтам було проведено ДМАТ за допомогою приладу Watch BP 03 (Microlife AG, Швейцарія). Результати та обговорення. Групи були зіставні за віком, співвідношенням статей та середньодобовими параметрами АТ і частоти скорочень серця (ЧСС). Встановлено, що в 1-й групі був статистично значуще менший відсоток зниження систолічного (САТ) і діастолічного (ДАТ) АТ уночі порівняно з усіма іншими групами ((7,6±1,3) % для САТ і (10,2±1,4) % для ДАТ). Стандартне відхилення САТ і ДАТ було статистично значуще вищим у 2-й групі (відповідно (19,8±1,1) і (14,2±0,7) мм рт. ст.) порівняно з 1-ю групою (відповідно (16,0±0,9) і (11,7±0,6) мм рт. ст.) та 3-ю (відповідно (16,2±0,7) і (11,8±0,7) мм рт. ст.). Найбільшу частку пацієнтів з профілем АТ non-dipper для САТ і ДАТ спостерігали в 1-й групі (60 і 45 % відповідно).Висновки. Під час війни в пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією зниження САТ і ДАТ уночі виявилося статистично значуще нижчим, ніж в інші досліджувані періоди. Також у цей період відзначали більшу кількість пацієнтів із профілем АТ non-dipper.

Performance evaluation of pulse shape discrimination capable organic scintillators for space applications

Scintillators with pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capability are of great interest to many fields in the scientific community. The ability to discern a gamma ray from a neutron using PSD varies between different types of scintillator materials and dopants. A new generation of organic scintillator materials with PSD capability were studied to determine their radiation hardness to neutron and gamma-ray radiation. The PSD capability, average pulse shapes, and light output of four types of organic scintillator were characterized before and after neutron and gamma-ray irradiation. The main goal of this investigation is to study the effects of long-term irradiation that may be experienced in space applications on the light output and particle discriminating capabilities of each material. EJ-270, EJ-276, organic glass, and Stilbene were tested. Damage due to neutron irradiation (displacement damage) was not observed in any of the scintillators up to 2.56×1011 n/cm2, except for Stilbene which showed a small (12%) decrease in light output. All scintillators presented some light output reduction after gamma-ray irradiation (total ionizing dose), with reductions of 17% (EJ-276 and OGS), 32% (EJ-270), and 42% (Stilbene) observed immediately after 100 kRad.

High-frequency near-infrared semiconductor laser irradiation suppressed experimental tooth movement-induced inflammatory pain markers in the periodontal ligament tissues of rats

High-frequency near-infrared (NIR) semiconductor laser-irradiation has an unclear effect on nociception in the compressed lateral periodontal ligament region, a peripheral nerve region. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NIR semiconductor laser irradiation, with a power of 120J, on inflammatory pain markers and neuropeptides induced in the compressed lateral periodontal ligament area during ETM. A NIR semiconductor laser [910nm wavelength, 45 W maximum output power, 300 mW average output power, 30kHz frequency, and 200ns pulse width (Lumix 2; Fisioline, Verduno, Italy)] was used. A nickel-titanium closed coil that generated a 50-g force was applied to the maxillary left-side first molars and incisors in 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley (280-300g) rats to induce experimental tooth movement (ETM) for 24h. Ten rats were divided into two groups (ETM + laser, n = 5; ETM, n = 5). The right side of the ETM group (i.e., the side without induced ETM) was evaluated as the untreated group. We performed immunofluorescent histochemistry analysis to quantify the interleukin (IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and neuropeptide [calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] expression in the compressed region of the periodontal tissue. Post-hoc Tukey-Kramer tests were used to compare the groups. Compared with the ETM group, the ETM + laser group showed significant suppression in IL-1β (176.2 ± 12.3 vs. 310.8 ± 29.5; P < 0.01), PGE2 (104.4 ± 14.34 vs. 329.6 ± 36.52; P < 0.01), and CGRP (36.8 ± 4.88 vs. 78.0 ± 7.13; P < 0.01) expression. High-frequency NIR semiconductor laser irradiation exerts significant effects on ETM-induced inflammation. High-frequency NIR semiconductor laser irradiation can reduce periodontal inflammation during orthodontic tooth movement.

Ultra-Flat Supercontinuum Generation in an All-Fiber Self-Q-Switched Er/Yb Laser

A supercontinuum source based on a self-Q-switched Er/Yb-codoped fiber laser has been experimentally demonstrated. At different pump powers, starting at a moderate value of 1.1 W, self-Q-switched pulses with a broad flat spectrum of ~ 560 nm width spanning over the range ~1600 – 2160 nm at −5 dB level (considering the Raman peak) are obtained. Such wide spectrum can be achieved directly at the output of the fiber laser resonator, making the structure compact and robust. With a maximum pump power of 4.9 W, the repetition rate, average output power, peak power and pulse energy are approximately 14.7 kHz, 465 mW, 66 kW and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$31~\mu \text{J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively. This compact SC laser configuration has the merits of simple cavity design, low cost and good robustness, which provide a SC source that can be easily applied to numerous areas, such as spectroscopy, optical communications, metrology and biomedical applications.

Fabrication and characterization of tapered photonic crystal fiber for broadband 2 µm: four-wave mixing-based fibered OPCPA

We present the simulation, fabrication, and characterization of large area microstructured fiber tapers which enables broadband phasematching conditions of the four wave-mixing process. These silica-based tapers are intended to serve as a nonlinear gain medium for intense and high average power Fiber Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplifier emitting at 2 upmu hbox {m} and strongly pumped at Yb wavelength. Different geometries (tapered/untapered, aspect ratio, etc.) are fabricated, analyzed and their broadening properties—key for supporting ultrashort pulses amplification—are compared and discussed. The characterization of nonlinear gain bandwidth of the tapers relies on a tunable source of stochastic pulses based on tunable amplified spontaneous emission in Yb-doped amplifiers. The strong overshoots of this source allows degenerate four-wave mixing process to occur thus generating broadband incoherent visible signal and mid-infrared idler waves at much lower average power than usually needed with coherent pumping. The idler centered around 1.85 mum is broadened due to zero-dispersion wavelength shift along the taper.

Evidence for scattering of curvature radiation in radio pulsar profiles

ABSTRACT Radio pulsars exhibit several unexplained phenomena, in particular the average pulse profiles with the apparent core-cone structure and interesting frequency evolution. I show that they can be interpreted through essential geometric properties of the inverse Compton scattering. If the scattering occurs in a dipolar magnetosphere and the mean free path is long, a nested cone structure is expected with the cone size ratio of two-thirds, which is consistent with observations. Being a discontinuous process, the scattering is consistent with the discrete altitude structure of emission rings, as derived from aberration–retardation effects. Assuming that the upscattered signal is the curvature radiation (CR), one can interpret the observed bifurcated components (BCs) as a magnified microbeam of CR: the BCs are wide low-frequency CR microbeams that have been upshifted in frequency with their width preserved by beam-copying scattering in divergent magnetic field. The large flux of BCs is partly caused by compression of the full emitted spectrum into the narrow observed bandwidth, which explains why the frequency-resolved BCs have the frequency-integrated shape. The wide low-frequency microbeams can encompass large magnetospheric volumes, which considerably abates the requirements of the energy needed for coherency. The properties of BCs thus suggest that the observed modulated radio flux is strongly affected by the scattering-driven blueshift and spectral compression. The relativistic beaming formula (1/γ) is not always applicable, in the sense that it may not be directly applied to some blueshifted profile features.

Tunable performance of indium tin oxide-zinc oxide as Q-switcher

This work successfully demonstrated the tunable performance of a Q-switched pulse erbium-doped fiber laser (QPEDFL) using Indium Tin Oxide-Zinc Oxide (ITO-ZnO)-based SA. The ITO-ZnO is a material growth between transparent conducting oxides and transition metal oxides on a glass slide. The mechanical exfoliation technique is applied to serve the ITO-ZnO as SA and inserted in a single-ring cavity design. The QPEDFL in a single ring cavity gives the repetition rate, pulse width, average output power, pulse energy, and SNR of 38.49 kHz, 5.50 µs, 0.47 mW, 12.72 nJ, and 64.20 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the ITO-ZnO as SA provides a tuning range of 30.40 nm. By tuning the TBF, the wavelength changes from 1531.60 nm to 1562.0 nm, causing the pulse repetition rate and pulse width of the QPEDFL to vary from 41.50 kHz to 17.20 kHz, and 4.22 µs to 10.05 µs, respectively. According to the results obtained, it can confidently say the suggested pulse laser has potential in the application of optical communication systems as a light source.

Abstract 5301: Detection of arginine posttranslational modifications by single-molecule protein sequencing on the Quantum-Si platform

Abstract Aberrant post-translational modifications (PTMs) on arginine residues, such as methylation and citrullination, are closely linked to oncogenic processes. Detection of these PTMs is challenging with current technology and can be hampered by low abundance and mass differences that are difficult to resolve by mass spectrometry. To overcome these challenges, we developed methods for PTM detection using Quantum-Si's Platinum single-molecule protein sequencing platform. Proteins are sequenced on Quantum-Si's Platinum instrument using our library prep protocol. Briefly, proteins are digested into peptide fragments, conjugated to linkers, then immobilized at the bottom of nanoscale reaction chambers on a semiconductor chip, resulting in exposed N-termini for sequencing. During sequencing, the immobilized peptides are exposed to a solution of dye-labeled N-terminal amino acid (NAA) recognizers that reversibly bind to their cognate NAAs with distinct kinetic properties. Aminopeptidases sequentially remove NAAs to expose subsequent amino acids for recognition. Fluorescence lifetime, intensity, and kinetic data are collected in real time and analyzed to determine primary sequence and PTM content. The data output consists of distinct pulsing regions called recognition segments (RSs). Each RS corresponds to a period of time between aminopeptidase cleavage events, during which an NAA recognizer binds on/off to its exposed target NAA. Chemical modification to a NAA or to a nearby downstream amino acid can modulate recognizer affinity, resulting in a characteristic change in the average pulse duration (PD) during an RS. To demonstrate the detection and differentiation of arginine PTMs, we applied our platform to distinguish between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and between citrulline and native arginine residues. Sequencing traces revealed that arginine and ADMA bind the arginine recognizer (PS621) with similar PD, whereas SDMA exhibited no binding. These results indicate that SDMA, in contrast to ADMA, has reduced binding affinity with PS621, providing a clear kinetic difference between these isomeric arginine PTMs. Moreover, citrulline and arginine side chains also exhibited distinguishable kinetic signatures. Citrullination eliminated the N-terminal arginine recognized by PS621 and resulted in a large increase in the median PD of preceding amino acid residues. Taken together, single-molecule protein sequencing offers an alternative approach to detection of arginine PTMs that is not based on m/z, but rather on the kinetic signature of binding between recognizers and N-terminal amino acids. The ability to directly detect arginine PTMs offers potential for biomedical research. We envisage applications using Quantum-Si's platform to key areas of cancer research including biomarker development and drug discovery. Citation Format: Kenneth Skinner, David Kamber, Brian Reed. Detection of arginine posttranslational modifications by single-molecule protein sequencing on the Quantum-Si platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5301.

MP26-19 CHARACTERIZATION OF THULIUM FIBER LASER PULSES: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SHORT AND LONG PULSE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP26-19 CHARACTERIZATION OF THULIUM FIBER LASER PULSES: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SHORT AND LONG PULSE Ron Marom, William W. Roberts, Timothy L. Hall, John Robinson, Adam J. Matzger, and Khurshid R. Ghani Ron MaromRon Marom More articles by this author , William W. RobertsWilliam W. Roberts More articles by this author , Timothy L. HallTimothy L. Hall More articles by this author , John RobinsonJohn Robinson More articles by this author , Adam J. MatzgerAdam J. Matzger More articles by this author , and Khurshid R. GhaniKhurshid R. Ghani More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003254.19AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown the significance of pulse modulation in energy delivery to the stone with better ablation and less retropulsion. Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) is a novel laser technology with a different wavelength and pulse characteristics to holmium and is increasingly used for lithotripsy. Our aim was to characterize the TFL pulse to better understand parameter selection. METHODS: Using a commercially available TFL system (Fiber Dust, Quanta) we characterized the optical (temporal) profiles of a single pulse at 1J Shortest Pulse (SP), 1J Longest Pulse (LP), 3J SP, and 2.4 LP with a photo detector. By using MATLAB we normalized the optical profiles with the average pulse energy as measured by a power meter (n=100). We then performed high-speed imaging at 50,000 frames per second on the vapor bubble generated by pulses of 1J SP and 1J LP. Using MATLAB we segmented the bubble anatomy and measured its maximal width and length at each frame to quantify bubble dimensions. RESULTS: The temporal profile of the TFL pulse is rectangular in shape with a uniform power throughout the entire pulse besides a brief initial peak (<1% of the pulse energy). The full width half max (FWHM) for 1J SP, 1J LP, 3J SP, and 2.4J LP was calculated to be 2022.5 µsec, 5995 µsec, 6025 µsec, and 11990 µsec, respectively with a peak power governed by the pulse length: 474 Watts for SP and 167 Watts for LP (Figure 1). Both SP and LP of 1J reached the same maximal vapor bubble length of 4 mm, and the same maximal width of 1.8 mm. However, SP had intermittent closure of the channel while the LP channel appeared to elongate along the pulse duration (Figure 2). CONCLUSIONS: This study quantifies some of the single pulse characteristics of a TFL. In the system tested, the peak power was a function of the pulse duration and not the pulse energy. SP had multiple generations of bubble formation, almost like a multi-pulse, while LP had a channel shape that elongated and widened along the pulse duration. Further investigation is required to understand how these impact ablation. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e360 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ron Marom More articles by this author William W. Roberts More articles by this author Timothy L. Hall More articles by this author John Robinson More articles by this author Adam J. Matzger More articles by this author Khurshid R. Ghani More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Pneumonia Clinical Features in Under-Five Children Treated in Atma Jaya Hospital in 2017-2020

Pneumonia is the leading cause of infection-related death among children and still remains a global health problem, especially for children under five. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of pneumonia in under-five chilren treated at Atma Jaya Hospital during the period of 2017-2020. This was a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study on all under-five patients diagnosed with pneumonia treated in Atma Jaya Hospital. Data were collected from November 2021-January 2022 from the medical records of these children (n=148) and analyzed using the univariate analysis. Results showed that most subjects of this study were boys (60.8%), in the age group of 1-4 years old (62.2%), with fever as the most common pnemonia clinical symptom (93.9%). Physical examinations revealed that the average pulse of the subjects were 131.2 beats/minute and the average temperature was 37.1°C. Other signs and symptoms identified during physical examinations were tachypnea (20,3%), retractions (56.1%), crackles (82.4%), and wheezing (22,3%). The laboratory findings presented a mean hemoglobin of 11.0 g/dL, a mean hematocrit of 32.5%, and a mean CRP of 13.2 mg/dL, while most subjects had normal leukocyte (58.1%) and platelet counts (52.0%). The most common chest X-ray finding of pneumonia in these children was infiltrate (92.6%) and the average length of stay was 4 days. Most under-five children experiencing pneumonia recovered after treatment (97.3%).