Average Production Level Research Articles

An Innovative Vision-Guided Feeding System for Robotic Picking of Different-Shaped Industrial Components Randomly Arranged

Within an industrial plant, the handling of randomly arranged objects is becoming increasingly popular. The technology industry has introduced ever more powerful devices to the market, but they are often unable to meet the demands of the industry in terms of processing times. Using a multi-component feeder, which facilitates the automatic picking of objects arranged in bulk, is the ideal element to speed up the identification of objects by the vision system. The innovative designed feeder eliminates the dead time of the vision system since the feeder has two working surfaces, thus making the viewing time hidden in relation to the total handling cycle time. In addition, the step feeder integrated into the feeder structure allows for control over the number of objects that fall onto the work surface, optimizing the material flow. The feeder was designed to palletize aluminum hinge fins but can also handle other products with different shapes and sizes. A two-dimensional (2D) vision system is integrated into the robotic cell to identify the components to be palletized, obtaining a reduced cycle time. The innovative feeder is fully adaptable to industrial applications and allows for easy integration into the robotic cell in which it is installed; by testing its operation with different aluminum fins, male and female, significant results were obtained in terms of cycle times ranging from 1.44 s to 1.68 s per piece, with an average productivity level (PL) of 1175 pcs every 30 min.

Why is longevity an important metric for the modern dairy herd?

Longevity of a dairy herd can reflect the health and welfare status of the herd and has a role in terms of public perception of the dairy industry. The natural lifespan of a dairy cow has been reported to be approximately 20 years; however, research has highlighted that it is more like 3.6 lactations (approximately 6 years) in the UK and 2.8 lactations (approximately 5 years) in the USA. This indicates that management decisions are having large impacts on the average productive lifespan of dairy cows, with the removal of cows from a herd due to old age being rare. Increasing the longevity of a dairy herd has been promoted as it decreases the requirement for replacement heifers and increases the average herd production level.

Research on Price Formation Based on Resource Optimization Allocation

Global economic growth has weakened under the guidance of equilibrium price theory, which focuses on price competition. Therefore, developing a price formation mechanism that aligns with sustainable economic development is imperative. Based on a scientific definition of the boundaries of the constituent factors of wealth creation, this paper proposes a price formation mechanism centered on resource optimization allocation and constructs a price measurement model using the Leontief input–output analysis method. To test the price formation mechanism, this paper uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020 to overcome the limitations of single-year data, and the 2020 input–output table of China to calculate the product prices for 153 sectors (covering the entire industrial system) at the average social production level in 2020. These estimated prices are then compared with the approximate market prices of 72 sector products for the same year. The research shows that the following: (1) The price is determined by the techno-economic relationships among the labor, land, technology, and capital that constitute a commodity. It can objectively and fairly reflect the value information of the factors and the quantity of factors embedded in the commodity. (2) The balance and degree of deviation between the price measured by the techno-economic relationships among a commodity’s constituent factors and the market price of the sector’s products depend on effective market competition centered on commodity quality. Price, through the market’s effective competition mechanism, will incentivize and guide resources towards enhancing labor skills, technological upgrades, and the development of new technologies, products, and markets, thereby achieving sustainable economic growth.

Icts And Labour Productivity Nexus In Developing Countries: Evidence From Panel Estimation Approach

This study examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on labour productivity in developing countries from 2000 to 2019, using the two-step System GMM estimation and dynamic panel quantile regression. The empirical results present new evidence on the moderating effect of ICTs with human capital, financial development and trade openness on labour productivity in developing countries. The interaction terms between ICTs and these three moderators show positive and statistically significant determinants of labour productivity. These three interaction terms have a greater influence on labour productivity than the impact of each variable assessed individually. The dynamic panel quantile regression results revealed that ICTs statistically significant to enhance labour productivity in lower and intermediate quantiles than in the highest quantiles in developing countries. This finding suggested that ICTs play an essential role in improving productivity at the lower and average labour productivity levels. This study can help policymakers develop a long-term strategy in terms of ICTs adoption and usage more intensively in developing countries as they strive to achieve the goals of industrial 4.0.

ANALYSIS OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE WORK OF LIGHT STEEL ROOF FRAME STRUCTURE (CASE STUDY: CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF St. MARIA BUNDA PENGHARAPAN BUNUT SANGGAU)

Project performance is greatly influenced by labor productivity. The productivity of each worker is different and is influenced by several factors such as work experience, age, education level, wages, site conditions, weather, coordination and planning, and leadership skills. This study examines the value and level of labor productivity, the variables that influence productivity, and the efforts to improve labor productivity. Observations in this study were conducted using the construction sampling method to observe the work scope, construction time, number of workers, adequate time, contribution time, ineffective time of lightweight steel-roof frame construction work, and direct on-site observation. Next, the level of labor productivity must be analyzed using the Labor Utilization Rate (LUR) approach. The analysis shows that the average productivity values for horse labor were 2,581 m²/OH for ironworkers and 5,197 m²/OH for manual workers. The productivity value for ironworkers in lath construction is 5,256 m²/OH. From the analysis of the average level of labor productivity (results are more than 50% of her), it can be concluded that the level of labor productivity in the construction project of the catholic church of St. Maria Bunda Pengharapan Bunut Sanggau is satisfactory. The most significant variables affecting labor productivity are control variables. As a result of interviews with stakeholders, it was found that ways to increase labor productivity include effectively using time, creating a working system that is easy to work in, ensuring that workers have specialized knowledge, and ensuring thorough on-site supervision. Improvements are needed to create a good working environment.

Effects of dead volume and inert sweep gas flow on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over Pt/TiO2

In this study, the effects of dead volume and sweep gas flow rate on photocatalytic hydrogen production over Pt/TiO2 were examined to determine their possible impact on hydrogen production rates. Five different dead volumes (15, 45, 75, 190, 425 ml) under constant reaction solution and interfacial area experimented by using custom made reactors. It was found that higher dead volumes in the gas phase inversely affect the measured hydrogen production. The difference between highest and lowest H2 production rates (at steady state) among five dead volumes is found as 30 μmol/h gcat which is 24% of the highest rate. On the other hand, the difference due to sweep gas flow rates (15, 30, 45 ml/min Ar) was not as significant. It was concluded from these results that measured hydrogen production rate in photocatalytic systems depend strongly on the reactor size through gas phase dead volume and operational factors like sweep gas flowrate. The difference between highest and lowest hydrogen production rates for different dead volumes or sweep gas flow rates is too great to ignore when the average photocatalytic hydrogen production levels (∼500 μmol/h gcat) in the literature are considered. Uncertainties associated with these factors together with well-known difficulties in measurement (or reporting) of the amount of energy and the characteristics of light absorbed by the reaction solution make the comparison of results from different studies impossible. The results of this study confirm the need for standard protocols of measurement and testing in the photocatalysis field in general, and photocatalytic hydrogen production particularly.

Efficiency and Productivity Performance of Dompet Dhuafa based on the Type of Fund for 2010-2019

The Islamic social finance industry in Indonesia is one of the industries that is growing very rapidly every year. This can be seen from the growth in the number of zakat management institutions that continue to increase, both those formed by the government and those formed by the community. The rapid development of the number of zakat management institutions raises the level of competition between zakat institutions getting stronger. To be able to compete in this industry, Dompet Dhuafa as one of the zakat management institutions must be able to compete with other zakat management institutions by improving performance optimally. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of performance efficiency and productivity of Dompet Dhuafa for the 2010-2019 period based on the type of funds it manages. The methods used in this research are Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. The estimation results show that Dompet Dhuafa has not achieved an optimal level of performance efficiency and relatively low productivity. This can be seen from the average efficiency score from 2010-2019 which only reached 0.66 and the average productivity level of Dompet Dhuafa reached 0.958.

Analysis of productivity performance of real estate and construction firms in Indonesia

Sustained total factor productivity (TFP) growth of firms is essential to achieve sustained supply growth, which is necessary to solve the housing shortage and affordability problems. Existing productivity literature focuses on large firms whilst smaller firms make a significant contribution to the total supply. This paper investigates the productivity of 363 Indonesian real estate construction firms of medium and large sizes. We estimate Färe-Primont TFP measures under the meta-frontier framework, accounting for differences in the overall technologies under which each group of firms operates. Results deliver several important findings. First, large firms have higher productivity levels than medium firms, but average productivity levels are very low. Second, the productivity growth of large and medium firms is negative, which contributes to the growth of the housing shortage in Indonesia from 2012 to 2016. Third, in case of easier transfer or spill-over of production technologies between two firm groups, firms could enhance further their efficiency and productivity. Fourth, those factors related to branch numbers, legal structure and experience of doing business have positive correlations with the productivity performance of firms in both large and medium groups. Additionally, medium firms could gain higher productivity by diversifying their income. Importantly, our study shows evidence to support that government subsidies have a positive influence on the productivity level of medium firms.

INDICATORS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF EDUCATION SUBJECTS IN THE SCIENTIFIC ENVIRONMENT OF A UNIVERSITY

The relevance of the research is justified by the fact that it is aimed to identify the level of productivity of education subjects in the professional, educational and scientific environment of a university. The author proves a hypothesis that the productive activity of Теория, стратегии 17 the subjects of education will be effective if one reveals the levels of productive interaction of the teacher with students, giving a possibility to model the success of joint creative activity on the basis of productivity in the educational environment. The indicators of teachers’ behaviour culture and interaction of subjects of education in the classroom are developed and manifest themselves at the average level of productivity according to methods 1 and 2. According to method 3, it was found that two indicators of productive interaction in the scientific environment of a university are developed at the low level, and the remaining indicators are at the average level. Therefore, an important factor ensuring the productivity of the interaction of education subjects is the development of scientific schools in a professional environment.

Development of subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer and its contribution to the primary productivity of water column in a large subtropical reservoir

The phenomenon of subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer emerging at a certain water depth is commonly found in stratified water bodies. Also, it is a crucial contributing region to the primary productivity of the water column. Currently, there is a lack of concern about the occurrence of SCM phenomena in studies targeting inland water bodies such as natural lakes and artificial reservoirs. This led to a significant underestimation of the level of primary productivity in these water bodies and their trophic state. In this study, a subtropical reservoir (the Xinanjiang Reservoir, XAJR) was investigated, to understand the characteristics of SCM layer in deep-large reservoir and its contribution to the primary productivity of the water column. Water sampling were conducted from September 2020 to August 2021, and in September 2022. Buoy station data for this reservoir between 2019 and 2021 were also collected. Based on the detailed observations of the water column profile in riverine area (X1), transitional area (X2), and central area (X3 and X4) of this reservoir, it was found that there was an obvious SCM phenomenon, which was closely related to the characteristics of seasonal thermal stratification. The SCM layer of XAJR appeared at depth around 3–5 m underwater from May to August, and as the thermal stratification strength increased, so did the depth and thickness of the SCM layer. It was estimated that gross primary productivity of euphotic layer of XAJR ranged from 347.9 to 4508.6 mgC·m−2·d−1. The average primary productivity level of the SCM layer reached 1411.7mgC·m−2·d−1, accounting for about 40–90% of the gross primary productivity of euphotic layer. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing changes in the development of the SCM layer in large reservoirs, as well as its critical role in the inland water carbon cycle.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Karyawan dengan Metode Work Sampling dan Regresi Linear Berganda di PT Graha Nusa Pratama


 This study aims to determine the level of productivity of employees of PT Graha Nusa Pratama; analyze the influence of age, work experience, and wage suitability variables on employee productivity of PT Graha Nusa Pratama; and determine between age, work experience, and wage suitability variables, which variable has the greatest effect on worker productivity. The object of this research is to analyze the factors that affect employee productivity at PT Graha Nusa Pratama, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted at PT Graha Nusa Pratama. The research was conducted on 20 employees. Data collection is carried out according to working hours starting at 08.00 WIB until 16.00 WIB. Statistical analysis techniques in this study using multiple linear regression. Calculation of employee work productivity using the work sampling method. The results showed that the magnitude of the productivity level was obtained from the results of data collection about the level of LUR (labor utilitation rate) of each worker for 1 day. From the results of data processing about the productivity level (LUR) of each employee at PT. Graha Nusa Pratama, it can be seen that the average productivity level of LUR is> 50%. This shows that the level of work productivity is productive and satisfactory. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that age has no significant effect on the age variable on the productivity of PT Graha Nusa Pratama workers, while work experience and wage suitability have a significant effect on the worker productivity variable. The work experience variable is the biggest influence on worker productivity. 
 Keywords: Employee Productivity, Work Sampling, Multiple Linear Regression

ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

Resource supply of sustainable development of agro-economical systems should help to increase the competitiveness of agricultural production in the domestic and world food markets and provide the population of the globe with food on the basis of steady increase of agricultural production growth rates. The analysis of the World Bank database for the period from 2012 to 2021 shows that for ten years the added value in the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation economy has increased by 16%, showing positive dynamics of the average annual growth rate with the value of 1.53%. Comparison with the analogous world average growth rate of 2.97% shows that our agro-economic system lags behind the world by almost two times. The OECD countries are developing with an average annual growth rate of 1.88%, which is also ahead of Russia’s indicators. At the same time, Russia’s agro-economic system is developing 0.26% faster than the countries of the European zone. Over the next eight years the Russian Federation expects to achieve an average annual growth rate of agricultural production of 3%, which is 2.7 times higher than the world average. For this purpose Russian agrarians have significant reserves for sustainable development of the agricultural economic system due to expansion of the areas of the main production resource by means of involving 33.04 million hectares of unused agricultural lands (16.7% of the total area) into circulation which, if successfully developed and the average Russian level of land productivity is reached, will give a 15-16% increase in production. The implementation of the program of technical modernization of agriculture can contribute to the achievement of steady annual growth rates of 1.3-1.8% of the branch production. Along with this the important directions of resource provision are the establishment of fair correlation of prices for agricultural products and industrial goods, fulfillment of financial support of agricultural development program and increasing of export potential of domestic agriculture.

PHYSICAL HEALTH OF FEMALES FROM THE LOWLAND DISTRICTS OF ZAKARPATTIA ACCORDING TO THE METABOLIC LEVEL OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC ENERGY SUPPLY DEPENDING ON THE COMPONENT BODY COMPOSITION.

The aim: To determine the aerobic and anaerobic productivity of females from the lowland districts of Zakarpattia region, depending on the component composition of body weight. Materials and methods: A comparative analysis of physical health status of females in the post-pubertal period of ontogenesis, was carried out. Physical health status was assessed by indicators of aerobic and anaerobic productivity depending on the component composition of the body, which was determined by impedance measurement. Results: Physical health of females from the lowland districts depends on the component composition of the body, namely: an excellent level of aerobic productivity is observed in females who have a normal body weight with a high relative fat content and a normal relative content of skeletal muscles, VО2 max rel. > 38 ml·min-1·kg-1; as a result, their physical health exceeds the "critical level" according to H.L. Apanasenko and corresponds to "excellent" according to Ya.P. Pyarnat's criteria. Females from lowland districts who are underweight with a normal relative fat content and a high relative skeletal muscle content have an average level of aerobic productivity, VО2 max rel. < 34 ml·min-1·kg-1; as a result, their physical health is below the "critical level" according to H.L. Apanasenko. Conclusions: The presence of fat in females from lowland districts provides energy for muscle work, which contributes to better development of the muscular system. A high level of energy supply due to a high relative fat content determines the excellent physical health status of females from the lowland districts of Zakarpattia.

BREEDING HERITAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE OF UKRAINE – UKRAINIAN WHITE-HEADED BREED

BREEDING HERITAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE OF UKRAINE – UKRAINIAN WHITE-HEADED BREED

THE STUDY OF KALDOR HYPOTHESIS FOR TURKEY BY VAR ANALYSIS

According to Kaldor Hypothesis, the growth of the GDP is related to the growth of the manufacturing sector. Kaldor claims that the productivity of the manufacturing sector is positively related the growth of the manufacturing sector and labour force transfer from agriculture and like other sector which marginal productivity of labour force is lower than average productivity level to manufacturing sector under Industrial growth model, and by increasing labour force productivity, it leads to increase production, in other word, GDP. In the study, for Turkey, this relationship between growth and manufacturing production, under Kaldor’s first law of growth, is considered by VAR analysis and with quarterly data between 2007 and 2021. As expected, there are positive relationship between industrial production and growth. It means that industrial production leads to economic growth. However, it is not seen any causality relationship from growth to industrial production. One direction positive relationship from industrial production to growth is confirmed by Granger causality test. As known, while impulse-response functions indicate the serials response direct to any shock(s), variance decomposition indicates how total changes are share relatively by serials during periods. According to analysis, it can be claimed that any transfer can take 1 year on explaining total changes between serials. Key Words: Kaldor Hypothesis, growth, industrial production index, VAR Analysis, Granger causality test Jel Classification: E23, O10, O11

Credit constraints, selection and productivity growth

This paper presents a tractable model of innovation and growth with firm heterogeneity and financial frictions. The model is used to uncover new mechanisms linking access to credit and productivity growth, highlighting the role of selection and firm heterogeneity emerging from recent empirical findings. Three key results emerge. First, better access to credit to finance fixed operating costs allows less productive firms to survive, thereby depressing the average level of productivity and, via its effect on innovation incentives, aggregate productivity growth. Second, cheaper access to credit decreases these costs, thereby freeing resources to increase production and firm size. Larger firm size leads to more innovation and growth. The overall impact of finance on growth hinges on the relative strength of the selection and market size effect. Third, cheaper access to credit to finance the cost of entry leads to stronger product market competition which, in turn, foster stronger selection, innovation and growth.

Agricultural Productivity in Europe: Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Index Analysis

Purpose: The aim of the study was to measure and analyse the productivity level of agricultural activity in 25 European Union countries and to analyse the factors influencing this level. Approach/Methodology/Design: The data covers the years 2009-2019 and was obtained from the EUROSTAT database. Aggregated Hicks-Moorsteen TFP total productivity indices were used for measurement and analysis. On the basis of the average productivity level, countries were grouped into groups based on the analysis of their position in the productivity index quartiles. Findings: European agriculture is diversified in terms of productivity. The level of productivity and its changes are determined, on the one hand, by changes in the level of effectiveness and, on the other hand, by changes in technology. The decomposition of productivity indices allows you to find these determinants. Practical Implications: The performed analysis allowed for grouping the surveyed countries in terms of the productivity of agricultural activity. The decomposition of productivity indices made it possible to find determinants of this productivity. The performed analysis can be used as one of the criteria for allocating funds to implement reforms and policies related to European agriculture. The results also make it possible to identify possible sources of increasing the level of productivity. Originality/Value: The presented research enriches the knowledge on agricultural productivity in the European Union. In addition, Hicks-Moorsteen total productivity indices were used, which are rarely found in publications in this area.

Cognitive Characteristics of Skilled Badminton Players

Study of the cognitive characteristics of qualified badminton players. 34 qualified badminton players, 12 men and 22 women were test subjects. Testing was carried out individually. Analysis of scientific and methodological liter- ature and world experience shows that the study of psychophysiological characteristics provides additional infor- mation about an athlete’s functional state during training and competitive activities. It is known that sports results largely depend on the individual typological characteristics of a person, as well as on the extent to which these fea- tures are used to realize the entire spectrum of the athlete's capabilities. Activation of higher nervous processes is present in almost all components of sports activity and provides a quick reaction, perception and processing of in- formation, the speed of mastering technical elements and quick switching from one type of activity to another. The study of the cognitive characteristics of badminton players was organized using the hardware-software computer complex "Multipsychometer-05". In our research, the first part of Raven's advanced progressive matrices was ap- plied. It is an express version of the test, consisting of 12 tasks and covers the entire range of possibilities diagnosed by the full test. The main informative indicator of the test is performance − the total number of correctly completed tasks for the entire time of the test (the total number of correct answers). The test execution speed, accuracy, effi- ciency are also determined. The analysis of Raven's progressive matrices showed that qualified badminton players have an average level of productivity, speed and accuracy, a level below the average of test performance. The study of cognitive abilities, taking into account sexual dimorphism, showed that, in terms of speed and quality indicators of cognitive tests, women demonstrate significantly better values in relation to men. General cognitive abilities can be used as diagnostic and prognostic criteria in the selection process for qualified badminton players.

Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

The lowering of salt content in the field, especially in arid areas, after consecutive application of mulched drip irrigation (MDI) is of vital importance for sustainable cotton plantation. To elucidate the effects of long-term MDI on soil properties and cotton growth, this paper systematically monitored the soil salinity, ion concentrations and the yield of cotton in the field using MDI consecutively for six years in a typical oasis in Xinjiang, China. The results showed that MDI could significantly change salt distribution in the cotton field. During the six years tested, the soil salt content using MDI declined fast at first, and then the decline rate gradually decreased. In the 1st and 2nd year, the average salt content within 0–100 cm soil layer was larger than 20 g kg−1, which belonging to the saline soil. Then the salt content decreased to 10–20 g kg−1 in the 3rd and 4th year, and the cotton field declined to heavily saline soil. After 5 years of MDI, the soil turned to non-salinized. The Cl− and SO42− equivalence ratio (CSER) also decreased with the increase of application years of MDI. Saline-alkaline land developed from chloride-sulphate solonchak (0.2 &lt; CSER &lt; 1) into sulphate solonchak (CSER &lt; 0.2) after 6 years of MDI. The survival rate of the cotton increased from 1.48% (1 year of MDI) to 76.3% (6 years of MDI), and the yield increased from 72.43 kg ha−1 to 4515.48 kg ha−1. When the average CSER, SAR and the soil salinity in 0–140 cm soil layer decreased to 0.60, 0.98 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 6.25 g kg−1, farmers can achieve a balance between income and expenditure. Moreover, when CSER, SAR, and the soil salinity continuously decreased to 0.44, 0.69 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 0.77 g kg−1, the cotton yield will exceed the average production level of cotton in Xinjiang. Under the current irrigation schedule in the oasis irrigation area, the soil salinity and groundwater level after applying MDI could be conducive to cotton growth. However, this situation had also caused a waste of nearly 200 mm of water resources. Therefore, authors suggested that further research on water-saving irrigation systems suitable for different soil conditions should be carried out, and also the differential quota management in production practice should be adopted.

Gaining Acceptance of Novel Plant Breeding Technologies.

Ensuring the sustainability of agriculture under climate change has led to a surge in alternative strategies for crop improvement. Advances in integrated crop breeding, social acceptance, and farm-level adoption are crucial to address future challenges to food security. Societal acceptance can be slow when consumers do not see the need for innovation or immediate benefits. We consider how best to address the issue of social licence and harmonised governance for novel gene technologies in plant breeding. In addition, we highlight optimised breeding strategies that will enable long-term genetic gains to be achieved. Promoted by harmonised global policy change, innovative plant breeding can realise high and sustainable productivity together with enhanced nutritional traits.