Average Parameters Research Articles

Echocardiographic insights redefining risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a focus on right atrial volume index for enhanced stratification

Abstract Introduction In Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the right atrium plays a critical role, and its size, determined by echocardiography, is crucial for risk stratification. Despite this, current guidelines still prioritize right atrial area (RAA) over the right atrial volume index (RAVI). This approach is contrary to the recommendations of international echocardiography societies since 2016, which advocate for the use of RAVI for a more accurate assessment. Purpose Identify the RAVI value corresponding to the RAA, in PAH risk stratification used in the 2022 ESC guidelines. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients of a single-center, since 2002. Patient's echocardiograms were revised for simultaneous assessment of RAA and right atrial volume index (RAVI). Over an average follow-up of 6.7 years (SD 5.9), we recorded a cohort of 82 patients diagnosed with PAH. From this group, we excluded 27 patients with congenital etiologies, 14 due to the insufficient quality of echocardiographic data, and one patient identified as an extreme statistical outlier. A Pearson's correlation analysis was used to access the correlation between RAA and RAVI for PAH diagnosis. Results A total of 40 patients were included with a mean age at diagnosis of 48.85 years (SD 17.82), predominantly female (77.5 %). The most prevalent etiologies were idiopathic (32.5%) and connective tissue disease-associated PAH (27.5%). Clinical presentations included right heart failure signs in 30% of patients, rapid symptom progression in 12.5%, syncope history in 15% and 77.5% in WHO-FC III-IV. Average 6-MWD and NT-proBNP levels were 392,1 m (SD 120,2) and 1636,18 ng/L (SD 2576,14), respectively. Average hemodynamics parameters were right atrial pressure 7,39 mmHg (SD 4,940); cardiac index 2,28 L/min/m2 (SD 2,06); stroke volume index 3,38 mL/m2 (SD 3,92) and mixed venous oxygen saturation 65,68% (SD 10,86). Average echocardiographic parameters were RAA 20,14 cm2 (SD 4,80); TAPSE/sPAP 0,34 mm/mmHg (SD 0,18) and RAVI 37,78 mL/m2 (SD 13,67), with 10% of pericardial effusion. Statistical analysis revealed a strong and significant correlation between RAA and RAVI (r=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.90, p<0.001). The derived linear relationship is expressed as "y=2.8*X -18". Therefore, an RAA value of 18 cm² translates to a RAVI of 32 mL/m², while an RAA of 26 cm² corresponds to a RAVI of 55 mL/m². Conclusion Our study supports a revision in HAP risk assessment guidelines, suggesting a shift to a more comprehensive approach using right atrial volume index (RAVI) measurements. We propose categorizing risk as low for RAVI < 32 mL/m², intermediate for RAVI between 32 and 55 mL/m², and high for RAVI > 55 mL/m². This recommendation aligns with the standards of international societies and is grounded in best clinical practices, considering that indexing measurements of the right atrium to body size potentially offers greater accuracy than absolute values.

Left ventricular flow dynamics and energetics derived from 4D flow CMR in patients with low gradient severe aortic stenosis

Abstract Background Up to 40% of patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) determined by current guidelines present with discordant Doppler echocardiography findings and demonstrate divergent prognosis. Differentiation of true SAS who generally benefits from aortic valve intervention among this subset of patients is important albeit challenging for clinical management. Purpose Left ventricular (LV) 3-dimentional flow characterization was analyzed to illustrate altered intracardiac hemodynamics in different types of low gradient SAS and to investigate its application for the identification of true SAS in comparison with LV stroke volume index (LVSVI) and transaortic flow rate. Methods Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D flow CMR) was performed in 126 patients with low gradient SAS and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. All patients were categorized into 3 groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LVSVI as follows: classical low-flow low-gradient (CLFLG, n=37), paradoxical low-flow low-gradient (PLFLG, n=41), and normal-flow low-gradient (NFLG, n=48). Left ventricular flow was partitioned into 4 components: direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow, and residual volume. Average kinetic energetic parameters indexed to end-diastolic volume (KEiEDV) throughout the systolic phase were analyzed. Results Patients with CLFLG and PLFLG SAS had reduced LV direct flow proportion (CLFLG vs. control: 10±5% vs. 35±5%, P<0.001; PLFLG vs. control: 29±6% vs. 35±5%, P<0.001, Figure 1) and systolic ejection-flow KEiEDV (CLFLG vs. control: median, 5.3μJ/ml vs 8.7μJ/ml, P<0.001; PLFLG vs. control: median, 6.0μJ/ml vs. 8.7μJ/ml) compared with controls. Reduced systolic ejection-flow KEiEDV correlated with decreased LVSVI (R=0.47, P<0.001) and transaortic flow rate (R=0.72, P<0.001). Among 126 patients in the study cohort, 74 (59%) were determined as true SAS according to standardized criteria based on flow-independent parameters and demonstrated elevated systolic ejection-flow KEiEDV than patients with pseudo-SAS (median, 6.5μJ/ml vs 5.6μJ/ml, P<0.001). Systolic ejection-flow KEiEDV≥6.1μJ/ml demonstrated an optimal positive predictive value of 90% for distinguishing true SAS from pseudo-SAS among patients with low gradient SAS (Figure 2). Conclusion Alterations in LV flow components and kinetic energy were associated with the presence and type of low gradient SAS. LV systolic outflow energetic markers responsible for aortic valve opening could aid the evaluation of AS severity with Doppler-based parameters.Comparison of LV flow componentsROC analysis for discriminating true SAS

Influence of view factors on outdoor thermal comfort of residential areas in hot-humid regions.

Sky View Factor (SVF) is commonly used to describe the impact of urban geometry on the urban thermal environment. Shading effects from plants and buildings also exert a considerable influence. To investigate the influence of view factors on outdoor thermal comfort in residential areas, we employed the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and view factors (SVF, TVF, BVF) as indicators to determine outdoor thermal comfort and the quantity of shaded spaces. Thermal measurements collected from 13 points in Guangzhou, China, Our findings revealed that high TVF points exhibited more stable air temperature throughout the daytime, with average temperature differentials ranging 0.4-1.9°C lower than other points. Air temperature demonstrated a positive correlation with SVF (R2 = 0.53), while exhibiting a negative correlation with TVF (R2 = 0.45). Additionally, shading provided by plants and buildings manifests heterogeneity. At similar SVF levels, points predominantly shaded by plants (TVF > BVF) showcased lower Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and PET compared to points shaded mainly by buildings (BVF > TVF). The maximum reduction in air temperature and PET reached 1.1°C and 1.2°C, respectively. BVF exerted greater influence earlier in the morning, as solar altitude angle rises, the average thermal parameters of sites with BVF > TVF escalated rapidly until eventually surpassing sites with TVF > BVF. Last, superior thermal conditions were only ensured under high shading conditions. When the effective shading ratio of plants and buildings diminished (SVF > 0.3), the microclimate of measurement points might be impacted by the long-wave radiation from the underlying surface.

A novel approach to solving Euler’s nonlinear equations for a 3DOF dynamical motion of a rigid body under gyrostatic and constant torques

This research focuses on approaching a new technique to solve the rotary movement of a three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) semi-symmetric rigid body (RB) affected by a gyrostatic torque (GT) and under the influence of the RB’s constant-fixed torques (RBCFTs). The governing nonlinear differential equations (NDEs) for the RB are derived from the famous Euler’s equations, along with another system to calculate Euler’s angles, which gives an accurate solution for the RB’s position during its motion. In the case of a semi-symmetric body about its minor axis, novel analytical solutions for the RB’s angular velocities are presented in addition to the solutions of Euler’s angles. Our procedure to obtain these solutions arises through decoupling the governing NDEs into two coupled DEs, and the averaged time parameter is used. General solutions of the later DEs are presented in view of series expansions. The impact of the internal and external torques on the body’s motion is graphically simulated, which gives an overview of the periodicity of the derived solution and the effect of various values of these torques on the solution. Moreover, these simulations present other prospects for the body’s stability by analyzing them using the famous Lyapunov function. The importance of this study arises from its wide applications in our lives in many fields, such as mathematics and physics. It also holds immense potential for enhancing mechanical systems, elucidating celestial motion, and enhancing spacecraft efficiency.

Investigation of Structural, Elastic and Magnetic Properties of CoCr2−xZrxO4 Nanoparticles

This study investigates the impact of zirconium substitution on the structural, elastic and magnetic properties of CoCr2O4 nanoparticles. A series of CoCr2−xZrxO4 nanoparticles, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, are synthesized via the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns affirm the formation of single-phase cubic structure with the space group Fd3m. Special attention is given to accurately calculating the average crystallite size (D) and lattice parameter (a) using Williamson–Hall (W–H) analysis and the Nelson–Riley (N–R) extrapolation function, respectively. The increase in Zr4+ content leads to a reduction in crystallite size and an increase in the lattice parameter. Elastic properties are estimated from force constants and the lattice constant, determined from FTIR and XRD, respectively. The observed changes in the elastic constants are attributed to the strength of interatomic bonding. The stiffness constants decrease, while Poisson’s ratio increases with increasing Zr4+ content, reflecting the increase in the ductility of the prepared samples. As the Zr4+ content increases, the stiffness constants decrease, and Poisson’s ratio increases, reflecting enhanced ductility of the samples. Furthermore, as Zr4+ content rises, Young’s modulus, the rigidity modulus and Debye temperature decrease. The magnetic hysteresis loop measurements are carried out at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) over a field range of 25 kg. Unsubstituted CoCr2O4 exhibits ferrimagnetic behavior. As Zr4+ content increases, saturation magnetization (Ms) and magnetic moment decrease, while remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) initially decrease up to x = 0.10, then increase with further increases in x. The novel key of this study is how Zr4+ substitution in CoCr2O4 nanoparticles can effectively modify their elastic moduli and magnetic properties, making them suitable for various applications such as flexible electronics, protective coatings, energy storage components and biomedical implants.

Evaluation of the efficiency of dry anaerobic digester in the production of biogas and fertilizer using activated sludge and plant waste.

The process of dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) is an effective economic and environmentally friendly method due to its features such as reducing the volume of waste, destroying pathogens, consuming less energy, and producing biogas rich in energy and fertilizer. This study was conducted on a pilot scale with a reactor volume of 24L in 30 days for three ratios of C/N: 30, 25, and 20 separately using a mixture of activated sludge and plant waste. During the process, the temperature, pH, and ratio of C/N were measured at certain times, and the percentage of gases produced by the Gas chromatography (GC) device was also measured. The results were compared with the National standard of Iran (Compost, Physical, and Chemical Specifications) at the end of the process. The results showed that the average volume of biogas produced in ratios of C/N: 30, 25, 20 is 1.7, 2.5, and 1.5L. d-1, respectively. The results showed that in the C/N ratio of 20, and 25, the amount of, C/N ratio and NO3 are in the range the standard of class 1, and the amount of Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) is in the range the standard of class 2. The results showed that the average microbial parameters in ratios of C/N: 30, 25, and 20 are lower than the national standard of Iran. The dry digester is an efficient method in waste treatment, methane gas production, and quality fertilizer close to the national standard of Iran.

Evaluation of green residues management of selected grape varieties

The paper presents the possibilities of energy management of residues from the cultivation of grapes of the ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’ and ‘Seyval Blanc’ cultivars. The research was conducted in southeastern Poland in the Sandomierska Upland in 2022. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the influence of grape variety on yield capacity in relation to the extraction of biomass residues in the form of leaves. An attempt was made to identify the variety that is characterised by obtaining the most effective and average parameters, i.e. yield size and quality, leaf mass and surface area, and their impact on energy and fuel parameters. The study analysed the following crop parameters, i.e. number and mass of grapes, number and mass of berries; leaf quality parameters, i.e. mass including petioles and area. An energy assessment in Laboratory in Department of Power Engineering and Transportation was carried out by performing proximate and ultimate analysis and estimating emission factors and volumetric composition of exhaust gas. The study showed that the material with the highest energy potential was characterised by ‘Regent’, while the lowest potential was shown for ‘Rondo’. Grapevines of the ‘Rondo’ cultivar were characterised by the highest obtained biomass among the evaluated varieties. The research showed that the most effective in practical cultivation is the use of the Regent variety, which was characterised by the average parameters of the obtained yield and growth values, and the highest fuel energy potential.

Grid-search method for short-term over long-term average parameter tuning: an application to Stromboli explosion quakes

The collection of a significant catalogue of seismo-volcanic data involves the selection of relevant parts of raw signals, which can be automatised by using the short-term over long-term average (STA/LTA) method. The STA/LTA method employs the “Characteristic Function” to describe a section of a seismic record in terms of trace amplitude and first-time difference. This function is calculated in a short-term and long-term window; the ratio between the two windows defines a quantity that is controlled through threshold values, i.e., trigger on and trigger off. These threshold values indicate whether there is an increase in the energy in the seismic signal compared to the background noise. The common approach to the selection of the STA/LTA values is the adoption of literature-suggested ones. This could be a limitation as there may be cases in which a choice adapted to a specific raw signal may significantly help in the extraction of the relevant parts. To overcome the possible drawbacks of a non-adaptive choice imposed by such standard literature values, in this study, we propose a methodology for the automatic selection of STA/LTA values that can optimise the extraction of explosion quakes (EQs) from a seismo-volcanic raw signal. The values are obtained through a grid search over an index named quality–numerosity index (QNI) that measures the accordance in the automatic cuts and the consequent number of triggered seismo-volcanic events with the ones suggested by a human expert. The method was applied in the volcano domain for the specific application of the explosion quake signal extraction at Stromboli volcano. The experiments were conducted by selecting a subset of the dataset as training where to search for the best values, which were subsequently adopted in a test set. The results prove that the values suggested by our approach significantly improve the quality of the relevant part compared to the one extracted by adopting the values indicated in the literature. The methodology presented in this study can be applied to a wider typology of signals of volcanic, seismic, and other origin, potentially becoming a widely used approach in parameter optimisation processes.

Lesion monitoring parameters as predictors of atrial arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation in persistent AF: A DECAAF II sub-analysis.

The formation of transmural lesions is necessary for the ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (prAF). Ablation index (AI) and generator impedance drop (ID) predict lesion size but their correlation with long-term outcomes in prAF is not known. Furthermore, we proposed a new parameter, efficacy ratio (ER) calculated as ID/AI, to gain indirect insight into the role of factors affecting ID but not considered by AI. We included ablations performed during the DECAAF II trial if they had uploaded lesion-by-lesion summary data and were performed with radiofrequency catheters on the CARTO system. Average patient-level parameters were calculated from all generated Vizitags. A total of 427 ablations met inclusion criteria and 166 utilized AI. Analyzed as continuous variables, ID and ER predicted long-term arrhythmia-free survival but not AI. The ideal cut-off for ID was ID ≥ 10.4 ohms and had a C-index of 0.55. It predicted reduced risk of arrhythmia: hazard ratio 0.56 [0.36-0.88], p = .013 (arrhythmia-free survival of 67% vs. 52%). Similarly, an ER of 1.7 ohms/100AI had a C-index of 0.58 and predicted reduced arrhythmia recurrence: HR0.39 [0.22-0.69], p = .001. ER < 1.7 ohms/100AI was related to just 32% arrhythmia-free survival. ER improved prognostication as compared to ID alone and identified a subset of low ID patients with even worse outcomes. Average ID was predictive of improved outcomes following ablation of prAF. The ratio of ID/AI (ER) was postulated as a measure to summarize the overall impact of factors not considered in the AI formula and provided improved prognostication.

Investigating the physical characteristics and antibacterial properties of the cork back from Quercus variabilis

This study presents for the first time results on structure feature, basic physical properties, torrefaction treatment, adsorption property, component content and antimicrobial properties of the cork back from Quercus variabilis. The cork back consisted of numerous white stone cell bundles with a dense and firm texture and irregularly shaped cells exhibiting considerable deformation and wrinkles. The cork back had the average density of 0.37 g/cm3, average hardness of 91.60 HA and the average thickness was 31.44 % of the total cork thickness. The average colorimetric parameters values of L*, a*, and b* of the cork back were 21.92, 2.34, and 6.42, respectively. Increasing torrefaction temperature increased the quality loss of the cork back, decreased energy yield and volatile matter content, and increased ash and fixed carbon content. With the elevation of fixed carbon, the higher calorific value of the cork back also increased. Following high-temperature torrefaction at 300 °C, the higher calorific value of cork back was 24.00 MJ/kg which increased by 30.29 % compared to untreated cork back. The cork back powder had significant adsorption performance for methylene blue and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 511.61 mg/g. Compared with cork，the cork back had a high content of lignin and polysaccharides, with a suberin content of only 4.07 %. The total extractives content in cork back was 7.49 %. The water extractives of the cork back exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, with the lowest inhibitory concentration recorded at 2 mg/mL. This research offers essential data for the processing and utilization of the cork back, which contributes to enhance the utilizing efficiency of cork resources.

Method for Detecting Fire Indoors Based on Differences in Sample Averages of an Arbitrary Gas Environment Dangerous Parameter at Adjacent Observation Intervals

The object of the research is the series average of the dangerous parameters of the gas environment during the ignition of materials. The practical importance consists of using the difference between the average dangerous parameters of the gas environment on the intervals of absence and the presence of ignition to detect the ignition of materials. The theoretical substantiation of the method of detecting fires in premises is carried out based on sample averages fixed samples of current measurements of an arbitrary, dangerous parameter of the gas environment, which correspond to the general population of reliable absence and presence of fire. At a given significance level, the method determines the unbiased, uniformly most powerful fire detection rule. This allows you to determine how significant differences in sample means with a given significance level are due to ignition or are random. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the method of detecting the ignition of test materials. It was established, for example, that the maximum size of the effect ignition on the carbon monoxide concentration is typical for alcohol (exceeds the threshold by 8.9 times) and textiles (exceeds the threshold by 9.3 times). The size of the effect of the smoke density upon ignition of all materials is approximately the same and is determined by exceeding the corresponding thresholds from 4.62 to 3.9 times. The size of the effect on the temperature of the gaseous environment during ignition of all test materials is approximately the same order. It is characterized by exceeding the corresponding thresholds from 5.95 to 3.58 times. It is shown that the method of detecting fires allows to establish the extent to which the detected differences in sample means for samples from the general population of hazardous parameters of the gas environment are reliable with a given level of significance and are due to the ignition of materials or the action of random factors.

8136 Using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography to Assess Bone Microarchitecture and Guide Osteoporosis Treatment

Abstract Disclosure: S.V. Rupani: None. J. Sfeir: None. L. Graeff-Armas: None. Bone microarchitecture is an important factor that impacts bone strength. Unlike other factors that affect bone strength, such as bone mineral density and bone turnover, assessment of bone microarchitecture is not yet widely accessible in clinical practice. Computed tomography is the primary method of non-invasively assessing bone microarchitecture. High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) is an emerging imaging modality that provides a three-dimensional assessment of bone densitometry, morphometry, and microarchitecture with a low effective radiation dose. It provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of cortical and trabecular structural and mechanical properties. We present two similar cases of osteoporosis in males, where knowledge of bone microarchitecture through HR-pQCT helped formulate two distinct and targeted therapeutic approaches. The first case is of a 46-year-old male with a history of idiopathic osteoporosis with multiple nontraumatic vertebral fractures. Given his presentation and age, anabolic therapy such as teriparatide was being considered. He underwent HR-pQCT scanning, which showed average radial trabecular parameters, but his cortical porosity was significantly above average, with similar findings in his tibial parameters. Since teriparatide has been shown to increase cortical porosity, this would not be the best option for our patient, given the risk of further weakening of the microarchitecture of his cortical bone. Therefore, denosumab, which has been shown to decrease cortical porosity, was chosen. Our second patient is a 52-year-old male with idiopathic osteoporosis with multiple nontraumatic vertebral fractures, whose HR-pQCT showed average cortical parameters at both the radius and tibia but low trabecular number and increased trabecular separation at both sites. Since teriparatide increases trabecular thickness and mass, we could confidently choose teriparatide for this patient, with less concern for significant deleterious effects on his cortical bone parameters. These case reports highlight the impact that the assessment of qualitative properties of bone, such as microarchitecture, can have in the management of osteoporosis. Currently, the lack of sufficient validated normative data for HR-pQCT limits its widespread use in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and fracture prediction. However, given that HR-pQCT can characterize the properties of trabecular and cortical bone, it may have a role in helping guide osteoporosis treatment, especially in challenging and atypical cases. Presentation: 6/3/2024

EFFECT OF BUILD POSITION ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SLM PRINTED INCONEL 718

The present work investigates the variation of the surface roughness due to the build position of specimens with respect to the inert gas flow direction and re-coater movement direction. Selective laser melting (SLM) method was used to study this effect using Inconel 718 as workpiece material. A total of 21 samples were placed equidistant from each other on the built plate to observe the effect of gas flow and re-coater movement. The effect of these parameters on the printed samples was analyzed in terms of the profile surface roughness parameter such as Ra and Rz in the build direction. The result showed that samples placed near the gas inlet and the re-coater starting position had larger roughness as compared to the samples placed further from the gas inlet and re-coater end position. The result showed that the profile average roughness parameter values varied from Ra = 5.02 µm to 14.7 µm and profile maximum height surface parameter varied from Rz = 47.61 µm to 118.3 µm for all the printed samples. Surface topography of the samples was also studied which showed common printing defects such as cracks, micropores, local solidified melt pools, and dimples. The study opens an avenue to explore and optimize the placement of the printing sample on the build plate with respect to the inlet gas flow and re-coater movement directions for better surface roughness.

Study and Notes for the Freshwater Spercheidae, Dryopidae and Heteroceridae (Coleoptera) Fauna of Erzurum Province: A New Record for Türkiye

In this study, samples of Dryopidae, Heteroceridae and Spercheidae (Coleoptera) were collected from the shallow areas of lakes, ponds, rivers and small puddles in Erzurum province (Türkiye) between 2015 and 2020 with sieves of 3.15 x 1 mm pore size (mesh size 500 µm). A total of 4 different species were found. Two individuals from Dryops griseus (Erichson, 1847) species; 1 individual from the species Dryops jeanneli Bollow 1938; 2 individuals of Heterocerus fenestratus Thunberg 1784; and 2 individuals of Spercheus emarginatus (Schaller, 1783) species were caught. The collected samples were evaluated based on their morphological and ecological characteristics. While D. griseus was recorded for the first time in Türkiye, D. jeanneli and S. emarginatus are the third examples of species recorded in Türkiye. Additionally, these two species were recorded for the first time in the Eastern Anatolia region. H. fenestratus, collected from the Eastern Anatolia Region by another researcher, was also found during the study. The lateral parameters of the species' aedeagophores collapse from the middle towards the interior. Aedeagophore photographs and distribution data in the country and worldwide are discussed in the article. The average temperature and chemical parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and water temperature) of the water bodies where the four different species were collected were found to be close to each other. To comprehend the life cycle, ecological data, along with morphological descriptions and vegetation information for each species are described.

ADMNet: An adaptive downsampling multi-frequency multi-channel network for long-term time series forecasting

Long-term time series forecasting finds widespread applications in various domains such as energy, finance, and transportation. Decomposing time series into sub-sequences with distinct temporal relationships (periods) for analysis and modeling is an effective approach for long-term time series prediction. However, conventional decomposition techniques often rely on fixed-size parameter kernels for sliding averages, leading to inaccurate and unreasonable captures of the underlying periodicities in the time series. Additionally, it is essential to acknowledge that time series data often exhibits multi-periodic characteristics. In many time series prediction tasks, the value at a future time point is influenced by multiple periods within the time series. To accurately and flexibly capture the periodicities of time series, we propose an enhanced adaptive cyclic feature recognizer to automatically identify the periodic lengths for sliding average parameter kernel sizing. To fully exploit the multiple periodicities inherent in time series, we merge and smooth the sequences of features corresponding to the identified cycles, obtaining two frequency-blended cyclic feature fusion terms. Furthermore, we extract high-frequency random components to preserve finer details. Finally, we individually model the three cyclic feature fusion terms. In summary, we introduce the Adaptive Multi-Frequency Multi-Channel Network (ADMNet) designed to autonomously capture multi-periodic features. Experimental results show that, compared to the current state-of-the-art seven benchmark models, the proposed model achieves an average reduction in mean squared error (MSE) ranging from 6.19% to 22.75% across eight datasets, including ETT, Traffic, and Weather. This indicates that our model delivers superior predictive performance on multiple real-world datasets.

An assessment of the environmental radiation risk from the petrologic units of north-eastern Nigeria; an insight from aero-radiometric data interpretation

Information regarding the radiation risk posed by radioactive emissions from the petrologic units in North eastern Nigeria is extremely limited. Consequently, there has been little research conducted on the environmental impact of radiation exposure from different petrologic units in this region. Hence, the 13 petrologic components of the area that comprises of the migmatites-gneiss (MG), banded gneiss (BG), biotite-hornblende granites (OGe), porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp), charnockytes (Ch), ignimbrites (JYG), basalts (bb), Keri-Keri Formation (KK), Gombe Sandstones (GS), Pindiga Formation (PS), Yolde Formation (YL), Bima Sandstones (BS), and alluvium (AL) deposits were assessed using aero-radiometric data (equivalent uranium, equivalent thorium, and percentage potassium radio-elements) acquired by Nigerian geological survey agency (NGSA) in 2009. The objective of this study is to compute the amount of radiation across the various rock units of the study area, and examine their radiation risk parameters. The results of this study showed variable levels of radiation across the various rock units examined. The average total activity concentration values recorded ranges from 261.67 ± 447.12 Bq/Kg across KK rock unit to 1482.02 ± 447.12 Bq/Kg across OGp/OGe rock types of the study area. Moreover, the average radium equivalent (Rn eq), absorbed dose rates (D) estimated ranges from 113.83±461.33 Bq/Kg to 305.19 ± 58.51 Bq/Kg, and 51.88 ± 29.65 nGyh−1 to 144.94 ± 29.65 nGyh−1 along KK Formation, OGp, and same KK Formation, and OGp respectively. The average environmental radiation hazard parameters of the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), activity utilization index (AUI), respiratory dysfunction parameters (RH in, RH out), annual gonad dose equivalent (AGDE), and excess life cancer risk (ELCR) measured across all rock units were found to be within or above their respective acceptable limits of 1 mSv/y, 300 μSv/y, and 0.29 × 10−3. Additionally, based on the conspicuously higher hazardous radiation (D, Rn eq, AEDE AGDE, RH in, RH out, and ELCR) emissions estimated from the OGp, OGe, MG, BG, and Ch petrologic units, the inhabitants of these localities should therefore limit themselves from excessive exposure to these rocks. Therefore, periodic monitoring of these areas is recommended.

Spectrophotometric Assessment of Pyrocatechol Drug Employing Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 4-amino antipyrine as a Model of Pharmaceutical Compounds .

A rapid, simple, sensitive, and higher stability spectrophotometric method was developed the determine that it is stable Pyrocatechol drug in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on an oxidative coupling reaction among Pyrocatechol drug and 4-amino antipyrine (4AAP) in the presence of potassium iodate (KIO3) in an acid medium to form a color complex that stable violet dye and a maximum absorption at 505 nm. The best optimum conditions and other analytical factors have been evaluated. A calibration curve of absorbance of several concentrations that obey the law of Beer-Lambert over the range concentration of pyrocatechol drug 10 to 100 mg/L, with (LoD =1.2*10-4 mg/L), (LoQ=3.4*10-4 mg/L), The relative standard deviations RSD% of the proposed methods were less than 0.68%). In contrast, recovery average and determination parameters are 99.9%. The method was used successfully for the determination of drugs in a pharmaceutical preparation with the best accuracy and precision. At range about 99.1 to 100.2% with RSD less than 0.3%. The analytical result for the estimation of the pure drug is presented together with the use of the proposed process for the analysis of some commercial pharmaceuticals. The data compare favorably with those of official and reported ways.

Optical Variability of Gaia CRF3 Sources with Robust Statistics and the 5000 Most Variable Quasars

Using the light-curve time-series data for more than 11.7 million variable sources published in the Gaia Data Release 3, the average magnitudes, colors, and variability parameters have been computed for 0.836 million Gaia CRF objects, which are mostly quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). To mitigate the effects of occasional flukes in the data, robust statistical measures have been employed: namely, the median, median absolute deviation, and Spearman correlation. We find that the majority of the CRF sources have moderate amplitudes of variability in the Gaia G band just below 0.1 mag. The heavy-tailed distribution of variability amplitudes (quantified as robust standard deviations) does not find a single analytical form, but is closer to Maxwell distribution with a scale of 0.078 mag. The majority of CRF sources have positive correlations between G magnitude and G BP−G RP colors, meaning that these quasars and AGNs become bluer when they are brighter. The variations in the G BP and G RP bands are also mostly positively correlated. Dependencies of all variability parameters with cosmological redshift are fairly flat for the more accurate estimates above redshift 0.7, while the median color shows strong systematic variations with redshift. Using a robust normalized score of magnitude deviations, a sample of the 5000 most variable quasars is selected and published. The intersection of this sample with the ICRF3 catalog shows a much higher rate of strongly variable quasars (mostly blazars) in ICRF3.

Fuzzy PI vibration suppression control strategy for space double flexible telescopic manipulator with fractional disturbance observer

The space double flexible telescopic manipulator (SDFTM) with time-varying length, is called the space flexible manipulator and can carry out reciprocating linear telescopic motion along its axis. It possesses characteristics such as lightweight flexibility, small space occupation, large turning radius, and a wide working range. These features can assist astronauts in performing complex tasks in dangerous outer space environments and offer broad application prospects. However, due to the highly nonlinear and time-varying length characteristics of the space flexible manipulator, its dynamic modeling becomes more complex and challenging. Moreover, during the rotation of the space flexible manipulator, its inherent flexible behavior can trigger vibration phenomena, significantly impacting the execution accuracy of on-orbit tasks. Therefore, proposing control methods to address vibration issues is an effective approach. Thus, achieving stable and precise operation of the space flexible manipulator necessitates the precise establishment of its dynamic model and the development of high-precision control algorithms, which have become key research directions. Firstly, a time-varying dynamic modeling method of the space manipulator is proposed by combining the Lagrange principle and flexible beam vibration theory. Unlike the traditional method, which only considers the limit length of the space manipulator under static conditions, the dynamic process of the space manipulator presented during actual operation is fully considered, which greatly improves the modeling accuracy. Then, a time-varying model based on the fuzzy PI real-time control strategy (FD-FZPI) with fractional order disturbance observer (FO-DOB) is proposed. Based on the robust stability principle, a more accurate FO-DOB is proposed based on integer order DOB, coupled with a fuzzy PI controller to compensate for the external disturbance and modeling error of the space manipulator. Finally, numerical simulation analysis is carried out, and the results show that the average parameter difference between the time-varying dynamic model and the static dynamic model can reach about 5.2 %, which indicates the accuracy of the proposed dynamic modeling method. At the same time, the proposed FD-FZPI control strategy achieves about 14.6 % performance improvement over the traditional DOB-PI control method, indicating that the proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the flutter fluctuation of the space manipulator and achieve accurate and stable dynamic tracking.

On Canopy Rainfall Interception Modeling in a Eucalyptus Plantation

The interaction between the forest canopy and precipitation is a fundamental process for understanding the hydrological cycle in forests. Physical models have been applied to estimate canopy water interception, and their efficiency has been tested based on metrics used to assess hydrological models. For eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, more studies are needed on the canopy rainfall interception model. Thus, we calibrated the Gash model using two complete hydrological years of observation in a eucalyptus plantation in southeastern Brazil. The model’s parametrization was conducted using 17 trees individually in different planting spacings (3 m × 2 m, 3 m × 3 m, and 3 m × 5 m). The average values of the model’s parameters were taken to represent the forest, and the average parameters for each planting spacing were used to assess the model’s performance according to the planting spacings. We used NSE, KGE, and Pbias statistical metrics to assess the model’s performance. For individual trees and rainfall events, the model showed an average NSE and Pbias of 0.59 and 18.2%, respectively, meaning a “satisfactory” performance for eight trees and “poor” performance for nine trees. When the model was averaged for the entire forest and individual rainfall events were considered, the metrics were improved, being 0.643 for NSE and 8.2% for Pbias, indicating a “good” model performance, which was strengthened by an average KGE of 0.746. Regarding the model for the planting spacings, the best results were found for the 3.0 m × 2.0 m spacing (“a good performance”). For the other spacings, Pbias was higher than 15%, leading to inferior performance, but with the NSE and KGE compatible with “good” performance. The practical implications of our findings are significant, as they can be used to enhance the accuracy of models for a better understanding of the hydrological cycle in eucalyptus forests in Brazil, thereby contributing to more effective forest management and conservation.