Average Number Of Carbon Atoms Research Articles

Vapor‐liquid equilibrium calculations using the topological treatment of mixtures

AbstractThe Topological Treatment of mixtures is applied to several kinds of binary mixtures to obtain VLE diagrams. The excess Gibbs free energy, gE, is calculated as the product of a topological vector and an information vector. The pure compound topological description were obtained following the DARC system rules. A weighting function was introduced to obtain the topological description of a mixture. The information vector is calculated from experimental data. It is shown that for binary mixtures alcohol‐alkane, the components of this vector varies linearly with the average number of carbon atoms of chemical compounds. This relationship allows prediction of the VLE diagram for any other system of the family. The results obtained are in good agreement with literature data.

Effect of paraffin fractional composition on composition and quality of fatty acids

1. The effect of fractional composition of fatty acids has been studied. It has been shown that on oxidation of paraffins boiling at 300–400°, 365–435° and 365–465°C, the yield of C10-C20 acids in the acid mixture is equal respectively to 73.5, 63.7 and 59.2% and the yield of still residue is 5.5, 16.2 and 24.7%, respectively. The average number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the fatty acids is approximately one-half the average number of carbon atoms in the paraffin molecules which were taken for oxidation. 2. The results of oxidation of a mixture of solid and liquid petroleum paraffins (7:3) which were previously obtained in the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fats pilot plant have been confirmed by industrial experiments.

Determination and characterization of additives of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate type by infrared adsorption spectra

1. A study has been made of the infrared absorption spectra in the 400–700 cm−1 region for additives of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate type containing alkyl radicals of differing structure. 2. The absorption spectra in the 500–600 cm−1 region can be used to judge the structure of short alkyl radicals in mixed zinc dialkydithiophosphates. 3. Using the inverse relationship between the integral specific extinction coefficients of the P-S band and the molecular mass of the salt, one can determine the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl radicals of mixed zinc dialkyldithiophosphates. 4. It has been shown that additives of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate type consist not only of neutral salts, but also of basic salts that can be determined on the basis of the absorption band at 480 cm−1.