Average Man Research Articles

People react more positively to female- than to male-favoring sex differences: A direct replication of a counterintuitive finding.

We report a direct replication of our earlier study looking at how people react to research on sex differences depending on whether the research puts men or women in a better light. Three-hundred-and-three participants read a fictional popular-science article about fabricated research finding that women score higher on a desirable trait/lower on an undesirable one (female-favoring difference) or that men do (male-favoring difference). Consistent with our original study, both sexes reacted less positively to the male-favoring differences, with no difference between men and women in the strength of this effect. Also consistent with our original study, belief in male privilege and a left-leaning political orientation predicted less positive reactions to the male-favoring sex differences; neither variable, however, predicted reactions to the female-favoring sex differences (in the original study, male-privilege belief predicted positive reactions). As well as looking at how participants reacted to the research, we looked at their predictions about how the average man and woman would react. Consistent with our earlier results, participants of both sexes predicted that the average man and woman would exhibit considerable own-sex favoritism. In doing so, they exaggerated the magnitude of the average woman’s own-sex favoritism and predicted strong own-sex favoritism from the average man when in fact the average man exhibited modest other-sex favoritism. A greater awareness of people’s tendency to exaggerate own-sex bias could help to ameliorate conflict between the sexes.

Adolphe Quetelet and the legacy of the "average man" in psychology.

Adolphe Quetelet was a Belgian polymath who aimed to advance aggregate-level statistical tools as a unifying framework for all scientific disciplines. In doing so, Quetelet adopted the astronomer's Law of Error (i.e., the normal distribution curve) and applied it to the study of moral and social phenomena in developing his notion of physique sociale (social physics). Quetelet further focused his attention on l'homme moyen (the average man) and, as such, argued that the average value of a distribution should be of primary concern in the study of human attributes. In the present article, I examine the influences that these ideas had on the methodological practices of late 19th- and early 20th- century psychologists. I illustrate how the dominant methodological approach implemented by psychologists in the early 20th century was deeply rooted in the demography of Quetelet's social statistics. In particular, I argue that psychologists' adoption of the Neo-Galtonian model of research was successful because it embraced Quetelet's determinism, emphasis on average values, and grouping of distributions based on type. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

An Optimized Deep Learning Model for Emotion Classification in Tweets

The task of automatically analyzing sentiments from a tweet has more use now than ever due to the spectrum of emotions expressed from national leaders to the average man. Analyzing this data can be critical for any organization. Sentiments are often expressed with different intensity and topics which can provide great insight into how something affects society. Sentiment analysis in Twitter mitigates the various issues of analyzing the tweets in terms of views expressed and several approaches have already been proposed for sentiment analysis in twitter. Resources used for analyzing tweet emotions are also briefly presented in literature survey section. In this paper, hybrid combination of different model's LSTM-CNN have been proposed where LSTM is Long Short Term Memory and CNN represents Convolutional Neural Network. Furthermore, the main contribution of our work is to compare various deep learning and machine learning models and categorization based on the techniques used. The main drawback of LSTM is that it's a time-consuming process whereas CNN do not express content information in an accurate way, thus our proposed hybrid technique improves the precision rate and helps in achieving better results. Initial step of our mentioned technique is to preprocess the data in order to remove stop words and unnecessary data to improve the efficiency in terms of time and accuracy also it shows optimal results when it is compared with predefined approaches.

Recenzja: Jack Fairweather, “The Volunteer: One Man, an Underground Army, and the Secret Mission to Destroy Auschwitz”, Harpercollins ­Publishers, New York 2019, pp. 505, ISBN 978-0-06-256141-1

One man, an underground army, and the secret dogged mission to destroy Auschwitz tells the story of a Polish resistance fighter’s deliberate infiltration of Auschwitz to sabotage the camp from inside, and his struggles up until his death. He defied the odds of suppression as he attempted to warn the Allies about the Nazi’s plan for a “final solution” before it was too late.Jack Fairweather is a British journalist and author. He was born in wales and schooled in Oxford University. He was a war correspondent for British troops during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In one of those days, as Jack and his friend Matt Mc Allester struggled to makes sense of what they had witness in the wars and putting it in a proper report, Jack came to hear about Witold Pilecki for the first time. He got intrigued as to why someone would risk everything to help his fellow man. He was equally struck by how little was known about Witold’s mission to warn the Western Allies of the Nazi’s crimes. Following Jack’s writing on The Volunteer, he was nominated for Costa Book Award 2019 and shortlisted for biography Award. The book “The Volunteer” is both a historical and biological book that was written by Jack Fairweather and published by HarperCollins Publishers, New York in 2019. It tells the history of the holocaust and gives an account of the untold sacrifice how Witold Pilecki, an average man with no great record of military service, staked his life to reveal Nazi’s greatest crimes when others would rather choose to hide. The book is somewhat provocative, suggesting the tragic defeat of Pilecki’s mission had been caused not in Auschwitz or Berlin, but in London and Washington. The book consists of four parts. Includes acknowledgments, short biography people mentioned in the book, notes, select bibliography and index. The publication is enriched by sixteen maps and a large number of black and white photos.

Linguistic and Stylistic Means of Satire Construction in the Animated Series

The study is devoted to the description of linguistic and stylistic means of satire construction in modern American animated series. The article deals with a detailed analysis of the linguistic and stylistic means that actualize the satiric and ironic meanings for a satire creation based on the examples of American series. Cartoonists often resort to satire as a unique genre of art to express direct or indirect criticism of the structure of modern society. Modern satirical cartoons contain vivid elements of parody and caricature. An obligatory consequence of satirical creativity is exposure and laughter. The methods of socio-political satire of modern animated serials are enhanced by the interplay of irony and sarcasm, hyperbole and grotesque, allegory and allusion, paraphrase and play on words. American animated series mirror modern reality, they reflect numerous facts of daily life and current environment touching their most critical sides: economics, politics, education, religion, ethnic issues, international ties and relations, interpersonal dealings. Socio-political satire is peculiar in that it does not spare not only the ruling branch of power, but also an ordinary, ordinary, gray person. In this dullness and ignorance of his, the average man in the street is ready to blindly obey the most ridiculous and absurd orders. Of course, an animated series cannot solve acute social or political problems facing society. But the fact that these questions are raised means that the problems are urgent. The purpose of such satire is to reflect on mistakes and not repeat them in the future. For example, South Park, Rick and Morty, Family Guy, F is for Family parody the modern family, social order, exaggerate social issues to the extreme. The relevance of this study is due to several reasons: first, the abundance of cartoon products on the modern film industry market. Secondly, the role that cartoons and serials play in the life of a modern person and in the culture of postmodernity. It is common knowledge that over the past few years, the TV series and animated series industry has changed a lot: streaming services (Netflix, Hulu and Amazon) appear, new formats are released, and more and more cartoon characters are voiced by famous actors. Thirdly, it is confirmed by the idea of the existence of the phenomenon of the "Big Serial Bang", expressed by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Higher School of Economics V.A. Kurenniy. The fact that modern TV series are a cultural product that accurately reflects the spirit of the times remains an indisputable fact. Such a visual narrative fits perfectly into the framework of modern society.

Frontline Drawings of Ukrainian Artists of the Second World War Period

Purpose of the article. During World War II, hundreds of Ukrainian artists were at the front. The drawings they created were a powerful source of propaganda for the Soviet regime. At the same time, in the general unity of the full-scale front-line drawing the individual features of artists of great artistic skill are clearly traced. The aim of the article is to determine the circle of leading Ukrainian artists who during the Second World War were in the troops of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RSCA) and worked in the field of drawing; to study the genre, artistic and stylistic structure, as well as materials and techniques of frontal drawings; identify the features of the reproduction of space-time in the front-line drawing of Ukrainian artists. Methodology. The study is based on the principle of historicism, a combination of historical and cultural, contextual methods, art history image and stylistic and system-comparative analysis. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities of human psychology of perception were clearly manifested in the drawing of frontline artists. The compression of the time field in the drawings of frontline artists is due not only to the doctrine of socialist realism, which was based on spatial three-dimensionality, but also to the peculiarities of human perception of time and space in stressful conditions. This also explains the difference of time display in the drawings created by the artists in the conditions of the front and evacuation. Artists, whose period of study coincided with the years of the avant-garde, the introduction of formal foundations of art in educational institutions, have achieved a much deeper and broader interpretation in the drawing of temporal and spatial categories. Conclusions. Frontline sketches were pictorial diaries: notes, sketches that were intended to be triggers for memories, for further writing of pictorial "memoirs" - paintings on the theme of war. This theme of Soviet propaganda will become a pass for future decades in all artistic spheres, both artistic and literary, musical, film and theater, etc., ensuring the favor of party leaders and the respect of the average Soviet man. Drawings of Serhiy Hryhoriev, Zinovy ​​Tolkachov, Vasyl Ovchynnikov, Anatol Petrytsky, Georgy Melikhov, Anton Komashko and other prominent Ukrainian artists are distinguished by the ability to give the passage of events the meaning of epic generalization, elevation above the simplified goal of capturing the moment. Keywords: drawing, Ukrainian drawing, frontline drawing, sketch, the Second World War, portrait, landscape.

A családnévhasználat jellegzetességei a viccek szövegtípusában

The study examines the characteristics, use, context, and circumstances of Hungarian surnames used in jokes from the formation of stereotypes. The paper hypothesizes that surnames are an essential element of the jokes. In fact, in these types of texts, the new meanings associated with a name allow it to move towards typical names or stereotypical use (by separating it from its original use and context). Research is based on a corpus of almost 9000 jokes and a questionnaire survey of 102 people based on the corpus. Although surnames are common in the Hungarian jokes examined, their large number and frequency do not mean they are varied. The 700 examples within the 9000-joke corpus only contain 21 different family names. An examination of the surnames and first names in the corpus confirms that more surnames that appear in jokes are primarily ethnic, while first names denote stereotypes of belonging to other groups: in jokes, the average Hungarian man is called Kovács, the typical Jewish man Kohn, and the typical Romani man is most often Kolompár. In the case of jokes featuring Hungarian and Jewish men, the surname, which is generally considered common and therefore typical of Hungarians and Jews, clarifies ethnocultural categorization and group formation. However, in jokes that feature Romani men, using an ethnic signifier or the frequent combined use of a signifier and a surname (considered as such) and a first name also reinforce stereotyping.

Constructing Identities: Amos Tutuola and the Ibadan Literary Elite in the wake of Nigerian Independence

Constructing Identities: Amos Tutuola and the Ibadan Literary Elite in the wake of Nigerian Independence

Hamlin Garland’s “Problem of Individual Life”

Erik Fredner, “Hamlin Garland’s ‘Problem of Individual Life’” (pp. 354–383) This essay returns to the problem of representativeness in politically committed literature by analyzing Hamlin Garland’s advocacy for Henry George’s single tax in three different forms: Garland’s most famous short story (“Under the Lion’s Paw” [1889]), a dramatization of that story’s core themes (Under the Wheel [1890]), and a novelization of that drama (Jason Edwards: An Average Man [1892]). As Garland attests in his autobiography, the conclusion of George’s treatise Progress and Poverty (1879), which considers the possibilities for collective action despite what George calls “The Problem of Individual Life,” inspired Garland’s political message as well as his method of representation. After several prior attempts to balance his work’s “reform motive” with its “art motive,” Garland ultimately uses the emerging concept of the “average person” to address the problem of representativeness. By considering the aesthetic and political transformations that led from “Under the Lion’s Paw” to Jason Edwards, this essay reframes the problem of representativeness in nineteenth-century literature in relation to the rising centrality of statistical thinking.

Modeling one-handed grip strangulation: Intentionality of the gesture and age influence.

Strangulation is a violent act which can be lethal and is often studied in forensic context. The neck includes several anatomical elements that can evolve with aging. We therefore created a numerical human neck model including the main anatomical elements and simulated one-handed grip strangulation cases. In addition, we created 3 models each representing age groups: 20-30years old, 30-50years old and over 50years old. The main changes between the different age groups are the ossification of the cartilages and the muscles mechanical properties. Several initial and boundary conditions have been tested to perform a realistic simulation of one-handed grip strangulation. Stress analysis and fracture observation were compared with the grip strength of an average man, 552N, to look at the intentionality of the gesture. In each age group, the results show no model fracture for a force of 552N. It is necessary to reach a minimum of 1406N before observing a first fracture on the hyoid bone. However, it is possible to get stresses on the hyoid bone and on the thyroid cartilage way before 552N. It thus appears that the force created by one-handed grip strangulation is not sufficient to cause fractures of the bony elements of the neck, but it remains sufficient to compress the larynx and at least reduce airflow.

PPE fit of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Historically, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) has generally been designed around the size and shape of an average European or US white man's face and body. There is little academic evidence to support anecdotal reports that women are at a greater disadvantage than men from ill-fitting PPE. This is especially relevant in healthcare settings where women make up at least 75% of frontline workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated problems associated with the fit of PPE that until now have been mainly anecdotal. This research presents results and analysis of a quantitative and qualitative survey concerning the fit of PPE worn by 248 healthcare workers, in a variety of healthcare roles and settings, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the survey results showed that women were less likely than men to feel safe carrying out their roles, with only 30.5% of women and 53.3% of men stating that they felt safe all of the time. A statistically significant link is made between women suffering more with poor fit than men with certain categories of PPE (gowns, masks, visors, goggles). Over four times as many women (54.8%) as men (13.3%) reported their surgical gowns being large to some degree and women were nearly twice as likely (53.5%) to experience oversized surgical masks than men (28.6%). However, it was recognized that PPE fit problems are not exclusive to women as many men also do not conform to the underlying shape and size of PPE designs. Survey results indicated that both sexes felt equally hampered due to the fit of their PPE and around a third of both women and men had modified their PPE to address fit issues. Oversized and modified PPE presents its own set of unintended consequences. Following strict processes for doffing and removing PPE is key to virus control but doffing modified PPE can fall outside of these processes, risking cross infection. In addition, wearers of critical items of PPE (such as respirators) currently undergo a “fit test”; however, fit does not reconcile with comfort and over-tightened PPE can cause headaches, discomfort and distraction when worn for long periods. Requirements and fit tests are also not setting-specific; qualitative responses from the survey give an indication that this must be a future consideration.

Tornado-strength winds interacting with a highway overpass

Analysis of tornado strength winds interacting with a highway overpass structure is presented with emphasis on air flow patterns above and under the bridge. Experiments were performed in a wind tunnel with the scaled geometry of an overpass. Velocity and dynamic pressure measurements were obtained independently at four locations as the overpass was rotated about its vertical axis between air flow angles of approach between 0° and 90°, at 10° increments. Lift and drag forces on the overpass geometry were also measured. To compare various highway overpass locations with the surroundings, the measured dynamic pressure and velocity, drag and lift forces, and drag coefficients at each of the locations and approach angles were examined. It was found that at all locations, the measured velocities never exceeded the freestream velocity of 190.2 ft/s (58 m/s; 130 mph), with the maximum Re occurring above the overpass and between the I-beams. A theoretical maximum pressure drop for the tornado center was calculated to be 0.5 psi for an Enhanced Fujita 2 scale tornado and compared with the highest pressure drop of 0.278 psi, determined from the experiments. Calculated pressure coefficients Cp were mostly <0 and some close to one dynamic head less than ambient. The drag coefficients Cd remain primarily in the laminar region with later transition to turbulence. Using experimental data from the literature, drag forces on an average size man in crouching and laying positions between the overpass I-beams section were determined to be a maximum of 31 lbf.

The 1891 International Copyright Act: Lobbying Behind the Scenes

The 1891 International Copyright Act: Lobbying Behind the Scenes

MP58-08 IMPACT OF A STREAMLINED SCHEDULING PROTOCOL ON TIME TO VASECTOMY COMPLETION

You have accessJournal of UrologyHealth Services Research: Quality Improvement & Patient Safety IV (MP58)1 Sep 2021MP58-08 IMPACT OF A STREAMLINED SCHEDULING PROTOCOL ON TIME TO VASECTOMY COMPLETION Andrew Blazek, Thomas Schroeder, and Christopher Deibert Andrew BlazekAndrew Blazek More articles by this author , Thomas SchroederThomas Schroeder More articles by this author , and Christopher DeibertChristopher Deibert More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002088.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To ensure patient safety, AUA Guidelines recommend procedural vasectomies be preceded by a consultation visit. Although men may be prepared to proceed with vasectomy following the consultation, scheduling limitations and miscommunication could impact time to procedure completion and cancellation rate. To simplify this, our institution implemented a change in scheduling protocol where both consultation and procedure were scheduled simultaneously though on separate days, instead of scheduling the vasectomy at the conclusion of the consultation visit. We evaluated if the new scheduling protocol impacted rate of vasectomy completion, and time from consult to procedure completion. METHODS: Using retrospective analysis from health records data, we compared 213 men who had a vasectomy consultation in 2018 prior to the change in scheduling with 362 men who had consultation in 2019 following the scheduling intervention. We looked at rates of procedure completion, days from consult to procedure, cancellation rate, no show rate, and the average ages for each of these groups. RESULTS: Following the intervention there was a decrease of 3.36 days (14.8% decrease) for the average man in time from consultation to procedure. There was also a 1.24% increase in men completing the procedure with the cancellation rate dropping by 1.27%. While, the consultation with no follow-up decreased by 0.38%, the “no-show” rate did increase marginally by 0.41%. Men were the same age in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our research demonstrates that a streamlined scheduling protocol for vasectomy consultation and procedure can lead to reduction in completion time for men wishing to proceed forward with a vasectomy. This translated to a decreased time to procedure completion for both physician and institution, as well. Though there were improvements in the percentage of men completing vasectomies and decreases in cancellations, these improvements were of less magnitude compared to the variation in time to procedure completion. Source of Funding: Not applicable © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e991-e991 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Andrew Blazek More articles by this author Thomas Schroeder More articles by this author Christopher Deibert More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

A LITERARY REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF GARA VISHA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FOOD PRESERVATIVES AND ADDITIVES

The ever-growing era of technology has given us plenty of boons but has also burdened us with innumerable banes, one of which is the poisonous effect of food additives and preservatives. Reports show that the dependency of an average man on preserved and packed food is expected to show an increase of 8% in just the span of 5 years i.e. 2015-2020, this is directly proportional to the increase in number of various disorders like Kushtha (skin ailments), Raktachapa (Blood pressure variations). The long term usage of food preservatives and additives can be considered as Gara Visha, the type of poison which impacts the body of an individual on long term usage. This usage of viruddha (preservatives and additives) leads to formation of Gara Visha in the body of an individual.

Shifting expenditure on food, holidays, and furnishings could lower greenhouse gas emissions by almost 40%

This paper investigates how consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions from private households can be reduced. The aim is to quantify opportunities for mitigation through shifting expenditure on food, holidays, and furnishings to less carbon-intensive products and services that are available on the market but not yet mainstream. Two hundred and seventeen analyses of the greenhouse gas emissions/SEK for on-the-market products and services were used for estimating the consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions from an average person, an average single man and an average single woman. The consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions for these households were estimated to be 6.9, 10, and 8.5 tonnes per capita per year respectively; and food, holidays, and furnishings accounted for 56–59% of that. The alternatives to mainstream food, holidays, and furnishings include plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy products, locally produced vegetables, second-hand or repaired furnishings, holidaying abroad by train, and “staycations.” Our results show that total greenhouse gas emissions can be lowered by 36–38% by shifting the expenditure on these products and services to less carbon-intensive alternatives without changing the total expenditure. The share of total emissions deriving from food, holidays, and furnishings is reduced to 30–35% after the change. The findings are discussed in the light of goals for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, additional sustainability aspects, the limitations of the study and needs for further research. This article met the requirements for a silver–silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

Wir sind noch einmal davon gekommen/The Skin of Our Teeth

Wir sind noch einmal davon gekommen/<i>The Skin of Our Teeth</i>

The Susquehannocks: New Perspectives on Settlement and Cultural Identity

The Susquehannocks: New Perspectives on Settlement and Cultural Identity

Conservative Class II Foils.

Conservative Class II Foils.

Mortgage regulation as a quick fix for the financial crisis: standardised lending and risky borrowing in Canada and the Netherlands

Although the role of the housing sector in the unfolding of the 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis has been studied extensively, the post-crisis nexus between housing and finance has not received equal attention. Grounded in a comparative case study between Canada and the Netherlands, this article adds situated knowledge from mortgage market professionals. It discusses the state interventions for regulating mortgage markets that were pursued by each national government during and after the crisis. Our analysis shows that in both cases state interventions contributed to restoring the investment value of mortgage products and failed to de-link housing from global speculative financial practices. Standardised lending regulations targeting the ‘average man’ were put in place. These contributed to further excluding non-prime households from mortgage markets, and drove them into risky practices, such as borrowing outside regulated markets. In addition, the new regulatory regimes forced households that retained access to mortgage markets to become highly leveraged and exposed to increased risks in future crises scenarios. We argue that the policies put in place as a response to the crisis in Canada and the Netherlands, ultimately led to a shift in risk-taking from lenders to current and prospective mortgage holders.