Average Loading Time Research Articles

A Performance Analysis of Hybrid and Columnar Cloud Databases for Efficient Schema Design in Distributed Data Warehouse as a Service

A Data Warehouse (DW) is a centralized database that stores large volumes of historical data for analysis and reporting. In a world where enterprise data grows exponentially, new architectures are being investigated to overcome the deficiencies of traditional Database Management Systems (DBMSs), driving a shift towards more modern, cloud-based solutions that provide resources such as distributed processing, columnar storage, and horizontal scalability without the overhead of physical hardware management, i.e., a Database as a Service (DBaaS). Choosing the appropriate class of DBMS is a critical decision for organizations, and there are important differences that impact data volume and query performance (e.g., architecture, data models, and storage) to support analytics in a distributed cloud environment efficiently. In this sense, we carry out an experimental evaluation to analyze the performance of several DBaaS and the impact of data modeling, specifically the usage of a partially normalized Star Schema and a fully denormalized Flat Table Schema, to further comprehend their behavior in different configurations and designs in terms of data schema, storage form, memory availability, and cluster size. The analysis is done in two volumes of data generated by a well-established benchmark, comparing the performance of the DW in terms of average execution time, memory usage, data volume, and loading time. Our results provide guidelines for efficient DW design, showing, for example, that the denormalization of the schema does not guarantee improved performance, as solutions performed differently depending on its architecture. We also show that a Hybrid Processing (HTAP) NewSQL solution can outperform solutions that support only Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) in terms of overall execution time, but that the performance of each query is deeply influenced by its selectivity and by the number of join functions.

Current Transformer Condition Online Monitoring Platform Based on Big Data

Abstract As an important power equipment indispensable to the normal operation of the power grid, the good or bad working condition of the current transformer directly affects the operational efficiency of the whole power grid. In this paper, an online monitoring platform based on big data technology has been developed to monitor the current status of transformers. First of all, for the temperature of the transformer, through the decoupling of the heat generation mode of the transformer, the state monitoring method based on fiber optic temperature measurement technology and optical multiplexing technology is proposed, and the overall scheme of transformer state monitoring is designed. The data signal of the transformer’s status is collected and processed, and a fault state diagnosis model is constructed based on the decision tree algorithm. Finally, according to the data requirements of the current transformer, an online monitoring platform for transformer status has been constructed using big data technology. Through the simulation test, the variation of ratio error of this paper’s monitoring method is less than 0.60%, and the variation of phase error is less than 0.75 percent, which is in line with international requirements. The average loading time of the monitoring platform is between 123.591s~143.911s, the average loading speed is less than 13s, the average throughput is between 241ops/sec ~257ops/sec, and the average latency of the read and upload operations is 24.225ms. The current transformer condition monitoring platform in this paper has good stability, the overall performance is excellent, and it provides a good solution for the research of the current transformer condition monitoring platform provides practical support for the research of current transformer condition monitoring platform.

Digitalisasi Prasasti dan Pelinggih Desa Baturan Gianyar Berbasis Augmented Reality Based Marker

Digitalization of the inscriptions and shrines of Batuan Gianyar Village based on Augmented Reality (AR) Markers is an innovative project that aims to preserve, promote and revive the cultural and historical heritage of Baturan Village, Gianyar, Indonesia, through the application of Augmented Reality technology. Baturan Village is known to have inscriptions and pelinggih which have high historical value. This research uses AR Marker technology to connect the physical world with digital content. The inscriptions and shrines of Baturan Village are marked with AR markers which allow users to access additional information about these objects via mobile devices. This AR application provides an immersive and interactive experience, allowing users to explore the history and meaning of inscriptions and shrines. The method used in developing this AR application is R & D. The results of this research after testing loading time using four different smartphones, Xiaomi Note8 Pro and iPhone 13, have a faster average loading time response compared to other smartphones.

METHOD OF CONVERTING THE MONOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE OF A FRONT-END APPLICATION TO MICROFRONTENDS

Web systems have existed for a long time and quite a lot of them have been created. Modern development uses new microservice architectural to improve performance, portability, and other important characteristics. This necessitates the transformation of legacy systems from a monolithic architecture to a microservices one. Such a process is complex and costly, so improving the methods for converting old systems to a new platform is relevant. This research aims to develop a method of applying microfrontends approach for monolithic single page applications (SPA). The article proposes a method of transforming the software system architecture from monolithic to microservice architecture (MSA). Since the client part of the system is considered, the term microfrontend is proposed, as an analog of microservers in the server part of the software systems. A brief review of existing architecture reengineering research is made and the advantages of a microservice approach are identified. The proposed three-stage method differs from the methods by the selection of an additional stage of conversion, which allows to gently change the connections between parts of the monolithic application, which were implemented in the initial monolithic architecture. The first stage is reverse engineering, it is proposed to shift the focus from the search for outdated code to the functional analysis of the program as such. The second stage, a transition to a modular architecture with the allocation of functionality into separate modules is proposed. At the end of the third stage, we have several separate programs (microinterfaces) that are connected to the main program. An experiment with a typical external SPA demonstrates the operation of the proposed algorithm. The system obtained as a result of the transformation is compared with the original one according to the following measurable parameters: production builds building time, size of the main bundle, and first page average load time. All comparisons showed the advantages of the system obtained as a result of the conversion. As a result, the architecture transformation algorithm allows you to obtain a guaranteed better result, taking into account the limitations of the interface SPA, which were not considered by the authors of previous articles.

Evaluation of Modern Internet Transport Protocols over GEO Satellite Links

New versions of HTTP protocols have been developed to overcome many of the limitations of the original HTTP/1.1 protocol and its underlying transport mechanism over TCP. In this paper, we investigated the performance of modern Internet protocols such as HTTP/2 over TCP and HTTP/3 over QUIC in high-latency satellite links. The goal was to uncover the interaction of the new features of HTTP such as parallel streams and optimized security handshake with modern congestion control algorithms such as CUBIC and BBR over high-latency links. An experimental satellite network emulation testbed was developed for the evaluation. The study analyzed several user-level web performance metrics such as average page load time, First Contentful Paint and Largest Contentful Paint. The results indicate an overhead problem with HTTP/3 that becomes more significant when using a loss-based congestion control algorithm such as CUBIC which is widely used on the Internet. Also, the results highlight the significance of the web page structure and how objects are distributed in it. Among the various Internet protocols evaluated, the results show that HTTP/3 over QUIC will perform better by an average of 35% than HTTP/2 over TCP in satellites links specifically with a more aggressive congestion algorithm such as BBR. This can be attributed to the non-blocking stream multiplexing feature of QUIC and the reduced TLS handshake of HTTP/3.

Enhancing the Performance of Desk Evaluation: Final Project Web Application through Back-End Maintenance

Software maintenance resolves issues in development, including web applications. The web application can be split into front-end and back-end perspectives. Performance improvements can be achieved through back-end maintenance. Web applications with MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture are maintained via code adjustment in the controllers. This research focuses on maintaining the back-end side of the Desk Evaluation, a web application for the university's final project management. The Collaboration Model of Software Development is the method used in this research. The controllers of the Desk Evaluation application that have been maintained are tested using unit and load testing. Unit testing shows that controllers give a proper response. Load testing indicates a 98% success rate and under 30 seconds average load time for all controllers. Then, the code in the controllers is analyzed with SonarQube, earning an A rating for reliability, signifying rule compliance, and minimizing bugs.

Optimizing Coal Hauling Operations: A Strategic Plan for Increased Productivity at PT Borneo

The purpose of this research is to determine the key operational variables that impact productivity in PT BORNEO and identify optimal targets to improve productivity. A mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative approaches, supported by process observation, was used to collect data. The study primarily uses existing quantitative data, but interviews may be conducted to capture constraints in the implementation plan process. GPS data also collected via an API to obtain information about truck movements, which can be divided into various activities to identify cycle time and analyze system performance. The study found that reducing loading time and minimizing random stoppages can significantly improve productivity, with average loading time being the most important factor. Stoppage before rest time and stoppage in loaded condition and at major prayer time had little impact on overall productivity. Future research could investigate the impact of other variables such as equipment maintenance and driver training on productivity.

An Observational Evaluation of Primary Care Online Resources

Background: General practice websites are getting more relevant as more interaction with patients is occurring digitally; however, there are no regulations governing them, nor much research about their benefit or quality. Objectives: To understand the online presence of general practices through time, using a tool developed for this purpose and assessing practices’ websites at two separate times. Methods: A form was developed to assess websites on base of their performance against 17 parameters, including information about the practice (logo, interactive address, area covered, telephone, opening times, details about staff, and quality rate), website parameters (number of pages and links on the site, level of link errors, loading speed, and search engine), and online services provided (social media, interactions like messaging, booking appointments, ordering prescriptions, accessing medical records, and allowing video consultations). Possible scores ranged from 17–66 points, with two to four points per factor analysed. A lower score was a mark of quality. Results: Practices were scored twice over the last 5 years; however, the sample average, although improving from 36.5 to 31.6, still puts practices websites midway in the quality range of the tool used. Looking at individual parameters, the homepage’s average loading time deteriorated, as well as maps showing the practice location. However, other details improved. Conclusions: Websites are taking a more relevant role in healthcare interactions, but their quality has improved little in the last 5 years. There is a need for stricter regulations if the digital presence of primary care is expected to play a safe role in primary care provision.

Towards a World Wide Web without digital inequality

The World Wide Web (WWW) empowers people in developing regions by eradicating illiteracy, supporting women, and generating economic opportunities. However, their reliance on limited bandwidth and low-end phones leaves them with a poorer browsing experience compared to privileged users across the digital divide. To evaluate the extent of this phenomenon, we sent participants to 56 cities to measure the cost of mobile data and the average page load time. We found the cost to be orders of magnitude greater, and the average page load time to be four times slower, in some locations compared to others. Analyzing how popular webpages have changed over the past years suggests that they are increasingly designed with high processing power in mind, effectively leaving the less fortunate users behind. Addressing this digital inequality through new infrastructure takes years to complete and billions of dollars to finance. A more practical solution is to make the webpages more accessible by reducing their size and optimizing their load time. To this end, we developed a solution called Lite-Web and evaluated it in the Gilgit-Baltistan province of Pakistan, demonstrating that it transforms the browsing experience of a Pakistani villager using a low-end phone to almost that of a Dubai resident using a flagship phone. A user study in two high schools in Pakistan confirms that the performance gains come at no expense to the pages' look and functionality. These findings suggest that deploying Lite-Web at scale would constitute a major step toward a WWW without digital inequality.

Research on Lightweighting and Rendering Optimization Techniques for Building Information Models

Traditional Building Information Modeling (BIM) services, using a client-server (C/S) architecture, struggle to adapt to the new demands and changes in the field of architectural informatization. The development of a comprehensive BIM visualization system, which is web-based, requires no installation or downloading, is cross-platform, and facilitates easy sharing, has become a new pathway for BIM advancement. However, when rendering the vast amount of data in BIM three-dimensional scenes on the web, several issues persist, including low transmission efficiency, slow loading speed, laggy screen display, and low rendering frame rates, particularly on mobile devices and terminals with limited hardware performance. Therefore, this paper proposes BIM lightweighting techniques based on geometric data and texture information, as well as a web-based rendering optimization method for three-dimensional models. In terms of BIM lightweighting, more efficient methods and algorithms are employed to simultaneously lighten the geometric data and texture information of the models. For rendering optimization, an efficient view frustum culling algorithm is introduced, along with a design for an adaptive rendering strategy to enhance rendering performance.Through testing the loading efficiency of different scale BIM models before and after optimization was tested on the web. Results show that, while maintaining display accuracy, the average loading time of the optimized models was reduced by 40% compared to the unoptimized models. The average data compression rate reached 45%, and the average memory usage decreased by 32.55%. After stable rendering, the frame rate was close to 60fps.

Efficiently loading 40Ca+-27Al+ ion crystal using sympathetic cooling and pulsed laser ablation.

We demonstrate a method to efficiently load a pair of 40Ca+-27Al+ ion crystals with sympathetic cooling and pulsed laser ablation, serving as a starting step for the 27Al+ clock. We achieved a technique to rapidly detect the loading of hot ions by monitoring the 2S1/2 → 2D5/2 narrow transition of 40Ca+ that couples to the shared motional modes between the two ions. The sympathetic cooling time of the 40Ca+-27Al+ ion pair is measured. Two traps are employed to compare the loading time from two directions and it was found that the loading from the axial direction takes much shorter time than loading from the radial direction of the trap. With the help of adaptively controlled trap potential, our method reduced the average loading time of a 40Ca+-27Al+ pair from 26 to 1min. This research is an important step for increasing the uptime ratio of the 27Al+ optical clock and is useful for other mixed-species ion crystals based on sympathetic cooling.

Impact Load Identification Algorithm of Helicopter Weapon Pylon Based on Time-Domain Response Signal

Accurately identifying the peak value of impact load acting on the helicopter structure during weapon launch is of great significance to the design and finalization of weapon pylons. Firstly, a method of standardized preprocessing load signal is proposed by analyzing the vibration response and the characteristics of the impact load. Then, the test model of the weapon pylon is designed, and the position of the strain gauge is determined; the static load calibration test and the ground impact test are carried out on the test model. Next, the time-domain response measured by the strain gauge is filtered and de-noised. Impact load is processed by a standardized method. The response and load are used to train BP neural network and the mapping relationship between response and load is established. The impact load generated by a specific weapon is statistically processed to obtain the normalized average load time history, and the identified standard load is converted back to the original load pattern. Finally, the network that meets the error requirements is tested. Both the standardized pattern and the original pattern have high identification accuracy, which shows that an effective load identification model can be established based on the time-domain response signal and the standardized processed load signal.

Analisis Performa Load Time Sister Menggunakan Layanan KampusGoPublic

SISTER is a web-based application that runs using Virtual Box. SISTER was first initiated by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education in 2017 and must be applied by all universities in Indonesia. SISTER is used for university lecturer administration services. In the field conditions, it was found that not all universities have run the SISTER application properly with various technical problems, namely SISTER can only be accessed through the university's private network, so that Lecturers who have high mobility are difficult to access SISTER from public networks or the internet. In order for SISTER to be accessed from the internet, a Public IP is needed which is usually provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or cloud service provider which requires relatively expensive costs. Campus GoPublic provides an alternative for Universities who want to make SISTER that is already running on a private university network, each of which can be accessed via the Internet by connecting via a VPN with the SSTP protocol to the GoPublic Campus VPN Server. To analyze the performance of the SSTP protocol on the KampusGoPublic service used by the Nusantara Jaya Tourism Academy, testing is needed. The method used is an experimental method. The test uses the page load time technique to find the average time required for the host to display the SISTER web server page on a private network. So that the packet on the private server will pass through the SSTP server to be accessed from the public network. Based on the results of the average Page Load Time test, the KampusGoPublic service that uses the SSTP protocol runs well with the fastest page load time of 1.75 seconds in Cache Enable mode and 3.78 in Cache Disable mode so that the SSTP method is considered ideal for bridging data between servers. on a private network and a VPN Server to be connected to a public network.

Analisis Performa Load Time Sister Menggunakan Layanan KampusGoPublic

SISTER is a web-based application that runs using Virtual Box. SISTER was first initiated by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education in 2017 and must be applied by all universities in Indonesia. SISTER is used for university lecturer administration services. In the field conditions, it was found that not all universities have run the SISTER application properly with various technical problems, namely SISTER can only be accessed through the university's private network, so that Lecturers who have high mobility are difficult to access SISTER from public networks or the internet. In order for SISTER to be accessed from the internet, a Public IP is needed which is usually provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or cloud service provider which requires relatively expensive costs. Campus GoPublic provides an alternative for Universities who want to make SISTER that is already running on a private university network, each of which can be accessed via the Internet by connecting via a VPN with the SSTP protocol to the GoPublic Campus VPN Server. To analyze the performance of the SSTP protocol on the KampusGoPublic service used by the Nusantara Jaya Tourism Academy, testing is needed. The method used is an experimental method. The test uses the page load time technique to find the average time required for the host to display the SISTER web server page on a private network. So that the packet on the private server will pass through the SSTP server to be accessed from the public network. Based on the results of the average Page Load Time test, the KampusGoPublic service that uses the SSTP protocol runs well with the fastest page load time of 1.75 seconds in Cache Enable mode and 3.78 in Cache Disable mode so that the SSTP method is considered ideal for bridging data between servers. on a private network and a VPN Server to be connected to a public network.

A Web-Based Decision Support Systems Framework for Ill-Structured Decision Situations

Decisions and actions in an ill-structured situation often include high-time constraints, lack of information, and poor cognitive efforts. Obtaining the necessary information through an information systems tool is supposed to be the best solution in such situations. To expose the decision situation, this study has taken the fire and civil defense service as the field of study. In exploring the required information resources, elements of the system architecture, and suitability of the proposed system in the current field, this study has resorted to the qualitative approach. To assess the dependability and performance of the systems, this study has used the RAS metrics and a black-box test. The result showed that the reliability stood within 62.70–70.00%, and its availability stood at 99.00% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year from a three-month study. As per the black-box test with standard 4G network connection, the system takes an average loading time of 1.00s for alphanumeric contents, 3.50s for images and graphics, and 5.50s for loading maps and navigations. This research evidenced that, the local emergency response and rescue units in developing countries like Bangladesh might want to use a well-designed response support system for improved acquisition, dissemination, and utilization of response information.

Design and Development of Alumni Career Information System using PHP MySQL

Alumni data collection at the Electrical Engineering Vocational Education Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa was still performed manually and there were no career information media about soft skills training and development, tracer studies, and job vacancies information. Therefore, media is needed to accommodate career information and alumni data collection quickly and effectively. The web-based information system using PHP MySQL was developed and tested for feasibility as an information medium for soft skills training and development, tracer studies, job vacancies information, as well as career counseling and consulting. This study used a Modify RD as a development method and the waterfall method as a development model consisted of analysis, design, coding (implementation), and testing. The testing was carried out by 37 people consisted of software experts, admins, alumni, and students of Electrical Engineering Vocational Education. The test was based on the ISO9126 standard with functionality, usability, reliability, and efficiency aspects. Based on the results, the functionality aspect had a score of 77 (very feasible), the usability aspect had a score of 87.8 (very feasible), the reliability aspect had a score of 100% (very feasible) and the average page load time was 3.48 seconds (feasible).

Hybrid method integrating SQL-IF and Naïve Bayes for SQL injection attack avoidance

Web applications are the objects most targeted by attackers. The technique most often used to attack web applications is SQL injection. This attack is categorized as dangerous because it can be used to illegally retrieve, modify, delete data, and even take over databases and web applications. To prevent SQL injection attacks from being executed by the database, a system that can identify attack patterns and can learn to detect new patterns from various attack patterns that have occurred is required. This study aims to build a system that acts as a proxy to prevent SQL injection attacks using the Hybrid Method which is a combination of SQL Injection Free Secure (SQL-IF) and Naïve Bayes methods. Tests were carried out to determine the level of accuracy, the effect of constants (K) on SQL-IF, and the number of datasets on Naïve Bayes on the accuracy and efficiency (average load time) of web pages. The test results showed that the Hybrid Method can improve the accuracy of SQL injection attack prevention. Smaller K values and larger dataset will produce better accuracy. The Hybrid Method produces a longer average web page load time than using only the SQL-IF or Naïve Bayes methods.

Performance Analysis Of Balinese Kulkul Beats Information System Based on Website and Android Using ISO 9126

Bali is known for its tourism and culture, the most viscous Balinese culture to date is consultation or cooperation. This can be seen from the many upakara (ceremonial) activities involving local communities, such as upakara dewa yadnya, manusia yadnya, and bhuta yadnya. In providing ceremonial information in an area in Bali, involving banjar or kulkul users. Kulkul in Bali is a traditional information medium that is still used to convey information about death, deliberation, and disaster in an area. However, people who live outside the village cannot hear information through the sound of kulkul. In this study, the Android-based Kulkul Beats Website and Information System was pre-built, but it is necessary to perform analysis of its performance testing. The system can provide information about the beat of the kulkul and is able to control the kulkul through the android app. It can also provide information about beats and will be displayed on the website, as well as controlling the kulkul through the android app. Android system testing using black box testing. From ISO 9126 test results, the functionality aspect gets a value of 1, where the function test has run 100% correctly. Test results of 100% reliability aspect test with success results. Usability test results showed 65.9% (good) results with Alpha Cronbach 0.969 (excellent). The efficiency aspect test results got a C with an average score of 77.2 and an average load time of 1.44 seconds.

GeohashTile: Vector Geographic Data Display Method Based on Geohash

In the development of geographic information-based applications for mobile devices, achieving better access speed and visual effects is the main research aim. In this paper, we propose a new geographic data display method based on Geohash, namely GeohashTile, to improve the performance of traditional geographic data display methods in data indexing, data compression, and the projection of different granularities. First, we use the Geohash encoding system to represent coordinates, as well as to partition and index large-scale geographic data. The data compression and tile encoding is accomplished by Geohash. Second, to realize a direct conversion between Geohash and screen-pixel coordinates, we adopt the relative position projection method. Finally, we improve the calculation and rendering efficiency by using the intermediate result caching method. To evaluate the GeohashTile method, we have implemented the client and the server of the GeohashTile system, which is also evaluated in a real-world environment. The results show that Geohash encoding can accurately represent latitude and longitude coordinates in vector maps, while the GeohashTile framework has obvious advantages when requesting data volume and average load time compared to the state-of-the-art GeoTile system.

Page Load Time Speed Increase on Disease Outbreak Investigation Information System Website

Outbreaks or extraordinary events often become an issue that occurs in Indonesia. Therefore, an outbreak investigation information system is required to collect, manage and analyze data quickly and accurately. On the other hand, challenges in data accessing processes in certain locations are still constrained by a slow internet connection. This paper conducted speed increase of a page load or site speed time from disease outbreaks investigation information system website.Page load time speed testing was carried out using Google Chrome Developer Tools and using simulation speeds of 2.5 Mbps. Testing time was carried out by dividing the time into three sections, morning hours, working hours and night hours. Implementation of page load time increase includes reducing HTTP requests, utilizing GZIP compression, performing code minification, setting browser chache, using CDN, and using other enhancement techniques.The results showed that after implementing an increase in page load time by turning off cache and using cache, there was an increase in site speed. When the browser cache was turned off, an average page load time increased of 54.79% from the previous time. Whereas when using the browser cache, page load time speed increased by 55.28% from the previous time.