Average Energy Intake Research Articles

Nutritional Status and Eating Habits of Children in Orphanages in Bamenda (North West Cameroon)

Regular growth assessment of children helps maintain adequate dietary intake and physical growth. However, very little or no information is available on the nutritional status of children in orphanages in Cameroon making control of deficiency diseases in children very difficult in these institutions. The main aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status and eating habits of children in some orphanages in Bamenda (North West Cameroon). The height and weight of 205 children (97 boys and 108 girls) ages 1-18 years were measured and their BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated. A structured questionnaire was used for eating habits and dietary data collection. A usual intake of nutrients was collected and some food samples from the orphanages were collected for three days and analyzed in the laboratory to determine children’s usual intakes of nutrients. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results revealed that 15.7% of girls and 18.6% of boys were underweight, 3.7% of girls and 4.1% of boys were stunted and 16.5% of boys and 23.1% of girls were overweight/obese. The most eaten foods were cereals and the least were dairy products. Vegetables, fruits and milk consumption rates were low. The average intake of energy, protein and total fats was inadequate for orphanage children aged 14 to 18 years. The average intake of vitamin A, calcium and iron was inadequate in all orphanages compared to the RDA (Recommended Dietary Intake) values. Efforts should be directed towards educating the orphanage caregivers on meal planning and preparation to increase micronutrient intake in the orphanages’ diets and improve the health of the children. Food or financial aid should also be granted to these institutional care homes to enable them to improve on the overall nutritional content of foods.

Ultra-processed foods and total sugars intake in Korea: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDietary sugars intake worldwide is stable or decreasing, but overall sugars intake remains above the recommended level. Some studies suggest that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) drive excessive sugars intake. However, UPF consumption in Korea and its association with sugars intake have not yet been studied. This study aimed to estimate the contribution of UPF consumption to total sugars intake and to investigate the association between UPF consumption and total sugars intake in Koreans.SUBJECTS/METHODSData from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018 were used, and included data on 21,075 participants aged 1+ years completed a 24-h recall. Food items reported in the 24-h recall were classified according to the NOVA system as UPFs, processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, or unprocessed or minimally processed foods.RESULTSThe average daily energy intake was 1,996 kcal, and UPFs accounted for 26.2% of the total energy intake (% TE). The average total sugars intake was 63.1 g (13.0% TE), and 44.9% of total sugars intake came from UPFs. Among the entire population, 15.8% exceeded the recommended limit for total sugars within 20% TE, and excessive total sugars intake was more prevalent among females (19.5%) and children (21.1%). The prevalence of excessive total sugars intake showed a significantly increasing tendency across the quartiles of UPF energy contribution, ranging from 11.9% in the lowest quartile to 23.2% in the highest quartile. Even after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of excessive total sugars intake (P for trend < 0.001). This association was similar in subgroup analyses by sex and age.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that UPF consumption may drive excessive intake of total sugars in the Korean diet. Our findings conclusively establish that restricting UPF consumption may be an efficient way to reduce sugars intake in Korean population.

Diet quality scores associated with improved cardiometabolic measures among African American adolescents.

BackgroundThe Reversing the Negative cardiovascular Effects on Weight (ReNEW) Clinic is a prospective cohort study in children and adolescents (≤21 years) at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center.MethodsCross-sectional analysis between diet quality using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), pro-inflammatory potential using the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), and cardiometabolic outcomes. AHEI-2010 and C-DII scores were assessed by median intake determined from the sample distribution and associated with cardiometabolic measures using linear regression models. Changes in measures were evaluated in a sub-sample of participants invited to attend follow-up visits due to the presence of hypertensive blood pressure (n = 33).ResultsParticipants (n = 90) reported an average energy intake of 1790 kcal/day (SD ± 734), AHEI-2010 score of 55.04 (SD ± 9.86) (range: 0 to 110) and C-DII score of −0.12 (±0.86) (range −5 to 5). Participants with higher quality/anti-inflammatory diets trended towards more favorable cardiometabolic measures at baseline. Among the sub-sample (n = 33), there was a significant reduction in total energy (m = −302 kcal/day; p-value= 0.03) but no change in AHEI-2010 (p-value = 0.73) or C-DII score (p-value = 0.85) over follow-up.ConclusionsDespite stable diet quality scores, outpatient dietary and behavioral counseling may be an effective tool to reduce energy intake in youth with overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure.Impact Diet quality scores among obese, hypertensive, African American adolescents were low and reflect a pro-inflammatory diet.Reported intake was negligible for fruits, whole grains, nuts, and legumes, and well above the daily limit for sodium and saturated fat.Participants with high quality/anti-inflammatory diet quality scores trended toward improved cardiometabolic measures.Outpatient dietary counseling resulted in reduced total energy intake.

Nutritional Status, Selected Nutrients Intake and Their Relationship with the Concentration of Ghrelin and Adiponectin in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background: Overnutrition is one of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The factors related to both obesity and CKD are adiponectin and ghrelin. The aim of the study was to assess if there is a link of nutritional status and selected nutrients intake with adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The study involved 55 patients diagnosed with DN in the pre-dialysis period (two groups: GFR < 30 and >30 mL/min/1.73 m2). In all participants standard blood tests, total ghrelin and total adiponectin plasma concentrations and anthropometric measurements (BMI, WHR- waist–hip ratio, body composition analysis) were performed. The evaluation of energy and nutrient intakes was made using the three-day food record method. Results: Excessive body weight was found in 92.80% patients. The average daily energy intake was 1979.67 kcal/day (14.45% protein energy, 28.86% fat, and carbohydrates 56.89%). In the group with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 the analysis showed a negative relationship between ghrelin and WHR value, and the creatine and albumin concentrations. There was a positive correlation between ghrelin concentration and the consumption of carbohydrates and sucrose. In the group of patients with eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a positive correlation was found between the concentration of ghrelin and the consumption of vegetable protein, carbohydrates, and glucose. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of obesity in patients with DN-Excessive supply of protein was found in the patients’ diets, which may contribute to the deterioration of the course of the disease and its prognosis. In patients with eGFR < 30 there was a negative correlation between ghrelin concentration and nutritional status, and in patents with eGFR > 30 between ghrelin concentration and some nutrients intake.

A trial of a six‐month sugar‐sweetened beverage intervention in secondary schools from a socio‐economically disadvantaged region in Australia

ObjectiveThis study assessed the effectiveness of a school‐based intervention in reducing adolescents’ sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and percentage of energy from SSBs. Secondary outcomes were SSB consumption within school, average daily energy intake, and body mass index z‐scores. MethodsSix secondary schools located in New South Wales, Australia were recruited to participate in a six‐month pilot randomised controlled trial (1:1). The intervention included components targeting the school nutrition environment, curricula and community. Outcomes were collected via online surveys, observations, anthropometric measurements and project records. Between‐group differences were assessed via linear mixed models. ResultsAt the six‐month intervention endpoint (n=862) there were no statistically significant differences between students in intervention or control schools for mean daily intake of SSBs (8.55mL; CI −26.77, 43.87; p=0.63), percentage daily energy from SSBs (0.12% kJ; CI −0.55, 0.80; p=0.72), or for secondary outcomes. Acceptability of the school‐based strategies were high, however intervention fidelity varied across schools. ConclusionWhile acceptable, improving fidelity of implementation and increasing the duration or intensity of the intervention may be required to reduce SSB intake. Implications for public healthEngaging parents and education stakeholders in the development phase to co‐design interventions may prove beneficial in improving intervention fidelity and enhance behavioural outcomes.

Reproducibility and feasibility of an online self-administered food frequency questionnaire for use among adult Norwegians.

BackgroundNew methods of dietary assessment are increasingly making use of online technologies. The development of a new online food frequency questionnaire warranted investigation of its feasibility and the reproducibility of its results.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of a newly developed online FFQ (WebFFQ).DesignThe semiquantitative WebFFQ was designed to assess the habitual diet the previous year, with questions about frequency of intake and portion sizes. Estimations of portion sizes include both pictures and household measures, depending on the type of food in question. In two independent cross-sectional studies conducted in 2015 and 2016, adults were recruited by post following random selection from the general population. In the first study, participants (n = 229) filled in the WebFFQ and answered questions about its feasibility, and in two subsequent focus group meetings, participants (n = 9) discussed and gave feedback about the feasibility of the WebFFQ. In the second study, the WebFFQ’s reproducibility was assessed by asking participants (n = 164) to fill it in on two separate occasions, 12 weeks apart. Moreover, in the second study, participants were offered personal dietary feedback, a monetary gift certificate, or both, as incentives to complete the study.ResultsIn the feasibility study, evaluation form results showed that participants raised issues regarding the estimation of portion size and the intake of seasonal foods as being particularly challenging; furthermore, in the focus group discussions, personal feedback on diet was perceived to be a more motivating factor than monetary reward. In the reproducibility study, total food intake was lower in the second WebFFQ; however, 63% of the food groups were not significantly different from those in the first WebFFQ. Correlations of food intake ranged from 0.62 to 0.90, >86% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartiles, and misclassification ranged from 0 to 3%. Average energy intake was 3.5% lower (p = 0.001), fiber showed the least difference at 1.6% (p = 0.007), and sugar intake differed the most at −6.8% (borderline significant, p = 0.08). Percentage energy obtained from macronutrients did not differ significantly between the first and second WebFFQs.ConclusionOur results suggest that at group level, the WebFFQ showed good reproducibility for the estimations of intake of food groups, energy, and nutrients. The feasibility of the WebFFQ is good; however, revisions to further improve portion size estimations should be included in future versions. The WebFFQ is considered suitable for dietary assessments for healthy adults in the Norwegian population.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Score in Childbearing Age Tunisian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Aims The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension, along with their sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle associations, were evaluated in a cross-sectional survey of childbearing age Tunisian women. Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet score was also assessed for hypertensive versus nonhypertensive women. Methods and Results A total of 1689 nonpregnant women, aged 20-49 years, were randomly sampled a regional (Greater Tunis), two-stage, stratified, cross-sectional cluster survey from March 2009 to January 2010. Data on medical history and sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The average daily intake of energy and nutrients was computed using a specific Tunisian food composition database. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet score (0 to 10) was assessed by adding the individual scores (0 to 1) of ten nutrient components according to dietary guidelines. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.4%. Age, obesity, abdominal fat, parity, and family history were significantly associated with hypertension. The mean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension accordance score was 4.93 for hypertensive women and 4.86 for nonhypertensive women (P = 0.0556). After adjustment for age, energy intake, and all nutritional covariates, no associations were observed between hypertension and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet components. Conclusion Though no clear-cut associations between hypertension and environmental or behavioral factors were identified in the study, the association with abdominal obesity and multiparity suggests that interventions aimed at lifestyle modifications to reduce these risk factors could be also useful in the prevention of hypertension.

Environmentally friendly household food consumption behavior

Natural resources, namely land and water, as the main input factors for food production have undergone degradation in quantity and quality. On the other hand, demand for food has been growing due to population increase, which requires to intensify the use of natural resources that may harm environment. One of the solutions to this problem is by managing household food consumption pattern. This study aimed to analyze current and eco-friendly household consumption behavior in Indonesia to overcome the above problem. A technical review was conducted to various nationally representative publications, mainly from Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. Results of this study indicated that in 2020 the Indonesian average daily energy and protein intake has met the recommendation. However, based on Desirable Dietary Pattern score, food consumption pattern was not balanced, dominated by cereals as carbohydrate food sources, while consumption of tubers, legumes, animal protein sources, vegetables, and fruits were still inadequate. Among high income households, consumption of animal products exceeded the recommendation whereas production of this food requires the highest environmental resources. Meanwhile, a large proportion of food waste are produced by household, mostly in the form of vegetables and fruits. Driving factors of household food selection were mainly based on social, economic, and cultural aspects rather than environmental consideration. Therefore, to reduce environmental damage, environmentally friendly food consumption behavior should be promoted. Government together with nutritionist and agronomists should create a grand design of food system which balances productivity, sustainability, and community nutrition fulfillment.

Food and Grain Consumption Per Capita in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Implications for Conservation.

Background: Grain security is crucial for social stability and ecosystem conservation regionally and globally, and it is particularly concerned widely in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) due to its high altitude and harsh climate for agriculture. Method: In this paper, we calculated and analyzed per capita food and grain consumption, including direct grain consumption, grain for fodder, industry consumption, seeds consumption, and wastage consumption and its changes in the QTP during 1995–2019. Results: The results showed that (1) in 2019, the average food consumption per capita was 333.35 kg, was stable since 1995. The dietary structure of residents was composed of direct grain consumption (44.15%), meat (10.72%), and milk (6.94%). The consumption of meat and milk was higher than the national average. (2) The average daily intake of energy and protein, animal protein, and the ratio of high-quality protein and fat energy were 2156.21 kcal·d−1, 73.53 g·d−1, 23.06 g·d−1, 38.32%, and 27.77% in 2019. Their changes were −342.98 kcal·d−1, −8.91 g·d−1, 11.16 g·d−1, 18.37%, and 11.08%, respectively. (3) The corresponding grain consumption per capita was 284.90 kg·a−1 in 1995, 262.19 kg·a−1 in 2010, and then remained stable until 2019. Conclusion: The study suggested that food consumption per capital was guaranteed at the well-off level since 2010, and food and dietary structure of residents were corresponding to physical geographic and climatic environment in the QTP. The conflict between food security and the ecosystem conservation can be managed without scarifying nature as the total grain consumption was stable since 2010, and the yield per unit area and total grain yield were both increasing since 2003 for agricultural condition improved in the QTP.

Weight-loss diets among female Korean adolescents: a pilot study based on a social media platform

PurposeThe study aimed to analyse the nutritional quality of self-proposed or prescribed weight-loss diets shared by female Korean adolescents through a social media platform and identified potential dietary problems.Design/methodology/approachA total of 317 weight-loss diets, shared by 107 female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 in April 2019, were collected from three Kakao Open Chat rooms of which the main topic was “weight-loss diet”. The weight-loss diets were converted to daily energy and nutrient intake.FindingsApproximately two-thirds of the subjects were normal or underweight, and more than half of them were limiting energy intake to less than half of the recommended daily amounts. The average daily intake of energy and most nutrients did not meet the standard intake levels. Approximately 20% of the subjects were breakfast skippers, while 8 and 5% were dinner and lunch skippers, respectively. Notably, meal skippers tended to fast longer and have an uneven distribution of daily energy intake per meal. The percentages of energy contribution from macronutrients, particularly carbohydrates, also deviated more from the acceptable range in the meal skippers. The weight-loss diets of the subjects with particularly low daily energy intake were categorised into simplified, unbalanced and nutrient-poor, energy-dense meals. Overall, the nutritional quality of the self-proposed or prescribed weight-loss diets was poor. More effective and proactive educational interventions in school environments should be developed to promote positive eating behaviours in adolescents and free them from their obsession with body image.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to analyse the nutritional quality of female adolescents' self-proposed or prescribed weight-loss diets.

Can an Ice-Cream Based Supplement Help Address Malnutrition in Orthogeriatric Patients?

Using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology, we describe our first cycle of a project using an ice-cream oral nutritional supplement (ONS ice-cream) to address malnutrition in older patients. A Scandishake-based® (Nutricia) vanilla flavored ice-cream was developed and piloted on a cohort of orthopedic patients over 3 days. All suitable patients were offered 100 g ice-cream portions (240 kcal/per portion). Acceptability and energy intake were our primary outcomes. Over 3 days, the ONS ice-cream was accepted in 77% (n = 27, median age, 75 years, IQR 12.5) of the times offered. Among these patients the average energy intake per day including the ONS ice-cream was 1006 kcal, a 41% increase in energy intake compared to an initial nutritional survey among the older orthopedic patients (714 kcal, p = 0.010). When surveyed 84% (n = 16) of patients stated they would have the ONS ice-cream again. An ONS ice-cream intervention to improve energy intake in older adults is feasible.

Feeding behavior, dietary sufficiency and nutritional status in children between 6 and 18 months

Infant feeding has specific qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The influence of parents on food intake is crucial in the development of habits and an adequate nutritional state. To evaluate eating behavior, dietary characteristics, and nutritional status of children between 6 to 18 months. Cross-sectional descriptive study in 199 children. Using convenience sampling, demographic and anthropometric data were recorded for nutritional status, and dietary history, through a 24-hour reminder for dietary behavior and food sufficiency. The Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were applied for continuous variables and the chi-square test for the categori cal ones. 54.8% were women. Regarding nutritional status, 21.1% were overweight and 7.6% obese. 56.8% of the children had meal numbers according to their age. The average energy intake was 652.9 ± 224.2 calories per day. The intake of energy and macronutrients was significantly higher in children not consuming breast milk and aged 12 to 18 months. The energy, lipids, and carbohydrates adequacy in girls was significantly higher than in boys. 83.1% of food consumption was habitual for this age group. In eating behavior, we observed that 4 out of 10 children have meal numbers higher than suggested for their ages. Regarding dietary sufficiency, there is a higher intake in children with normal nutritional status, without breastfeeding, and between 12 and 18 months. Despite the high prevalence of obesity, it was lower than that observed at the national level.

THE EFFECTS OF DAILY BREAKFAST CONSUMPTION ON GROWTH IN TURKISH STUDENTS

OBJECTIVE: Breakfast, defined as the most important meal of the day, contributed significantly to the daily nutrient intake and energy requirements. The importance of breakfast on growth is known. In this study, we aimed to determine whether primary and secondary school children receive adequate and balanced nutrition at breakfast, to assess the adequacy of their nutritional and energy values in their breakfast.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively reviewed the data of 105 students who were followed up between 31 January 2018 and 31 July 2018 in 3 different districts of Ankara. Children aged between 6-15 years were evaluated in the study. BEBIS (Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi) was used for food consumption, amount and content of the nutrients that students received at breakfast.RESULTS: A total of 105 students' (52 girls, 53 boys) a mean age of 11.5 (range, 6 - 15) years and with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 19.17 (range 14.11 - 29.14) were determined. Average energy intake during the weekdays was 378.96 ± 131.64 kcal for weekdays, while average energy intake during the weekends was 625.68 ± 162.12 kcal. At the weekends, the amount of energy and nutrients intake of the students were found to be higher than on weekdays.CONCLUSIONS: We emphasized that breakfast is important to supply daily food and energy needs and it is important for physical growth.

Sleep duration, physical activity, and caloric intake are related to weight status in Mexican American children: a longitudinal analysis

BackgroundObesity is a serious issue, spanning all ages, and, in the U.S., disproportionately affects Latinos and African Americans. Understanding sleep, physical activity and dietary behaviors that may predict childhood obesity can help identify behavioral intervention targets.MethodsData were drawn from a U.S. cohort study of 323 Mexican American 8–10-year-old children and their mothers, who participated in a longitudinal study over a 2-year period. Measures were collected at baseline (BL; child mean age = 8.87, SD = 0.83), year 1 (FU1) and year 2 (FU2). Mothers reported on household income and acculturation at BL. Child height and weight were collected and BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated for weight status at BL, FU1, and FU2. Accelerometer-estimated sleep duration (hours) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; minutes) were collected across 3 days at BL, FU1, and FU2. Two 24-h dietary recalls were performed at each time point; from these, average energy intake (EI, kcals/day) was estimated. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine behavioral predictors on BMIz at each time point and across time.ResultsAt BL and FU1, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.22, p < 0.001; β = − 0.17, p < 0.05, respectively) and greater MVPA (β = − 0.13, p < 0.05; β = − 0.20, p < 0.01, respectively) were concurrently related to lower BMIz. At FU2, longer sleep duration (β = − 0.18, p < 0.01) was concurrently related to lower BMIz, whereas greater EI (β = 0.16, p < 0.01) was related to higher BMIz. Longer sleep duration at BL predicted lower BMIz at FU1 (β = − 0.05, p < 0.01).ConclusionsLonger sleep duration was concurrently related to lower weight status at each time point from ages 8–10 to 10–12. Higher MVPA was concurrently related to lower weight status in earlier childhood (ages 8–10 and 9–11) and higher EI was concurrently related to higher weight status toward the end of childhood (ages 10–12 years). Furthermore, longer sleep in earlier childhood was protective of children’s lower weight status 1 year later. These findings suggest that sleep duration plays a consistent and protective role against childhood obesity; in addition, MVPA and healthy EI remain important independent factors for obtaining a healthy weight.

Apports nutritionnels d’une population de femmes enceintes Algériennes

Introduction. Nutrition during pregnancy has a significant impact on women health, but also on the long-term health of their offspring. There are a few national data on the usual dietary intake of pregnant women. Objective. To assess the nutritional intake of pregnant population by the 24-hour dietary recall method repeated over 3 days. Population and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire among 100 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a major mother and child specialized hospital in the Wilaya of Sidi-Bel-Abbés (Algeria). Results. The average intakes of energy, fats and carbohydrates were lower than the recommendations, while those of proteins and dietary fibers were higher. In most women, protein needs were covered whereas carbohydrates and lipids needs were not covered. Proteins represented 16.7%, carbohydrate 55.1% and lipids 28.2% of total energy intake (TEI). Contribution of food groups to TEI was as follows: cereal-based products 23.5%, fruits and vegetables 15.2%, dairy products 15%, sweet products 14.7% and meats 12.6%. Average intakes observed in micronutrients were lower than nutritional requirements, except for vitamins (Vit.) C, B6, B12, beta-carotene, and retinol. More than 40% of women were below the recommendations for Vit. C, D, A, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, magnesium, calcium and iron. Conclusion. Pregnancy is a privileged moment for carrying out awareness raising actions in nutrition area. Therefore, it should be used to provide advice in favor of a healthy diet and maintaining physical activity in this population.

Studiu observațional privind caracterizarea tiparelor alimentare în sarcină

Pregnancy nutrition influences the short-term maternal and fetal prognosis, but also the state of health in the future, an inadequate diet being associated with the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The purpose of the study is to characterize the diet of a group of pregnant women in Iasi county in terms of macronutrient intake, but also food patterns. Material and methods. An observational study was performed on a sample of 400 pregnant women which consisted in the application of a validated food frequency questionnaire. The foods consumed were grouped into categories: meat, eggs, fish, milk and dairy products, bread and cereals, vegetables, fruits, soups, seeds and oilseeds, sweets and fast food. Factor analysis (main component analysis method) was used for the analysis of food patterns. Results. The average energy intake in the studied group was 2197 kcal/day (95% CI: 2139.57-2255.74). The intake of macronutrients during pregnancy was 86.01 g protein (95% CI: 83.64-88.39), 76.97 g lipids (95% CI: 74.59-79.35) and 297.12 g carbohydrate (95% Cl: 287.86-306.38). We identified 3 dietary patterns that explained 43.01% of the variation of consumption behaviour: healthy consumption, consisting of a diet rich in soups, fruits, eggs and vegetables; traditional consumption, which has high consumption values for bread, dairy, meat, fat and unhealthy consumption rich in the intake of sweets, fast food and seeds. Conclusions. The identified food patterns draw attention to the existence of a category at risk of developing pathology related to inadequate nutrition in pregnancy.

Dietary Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake over a 7-Day Period in Female Varsity Ice Hockey Players.

This study examined the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes of female ice hockey players over a 7-d period including game, practice, and rest days. Twenty-three female varsity players (19.0 ± 1.1 yr, 167.1 ± 6.5 cm, 67.0 ± 8.0 kg) volunteered for the study. Average total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was estimated over the 7-day period. Average 7-day energy intake (EI) and TDEE were 2354 ± 353 and 2304 ± 204 kcal. The majority (n = 19) of athletes had an EI ≥ 90% of their estimated TDEE. Macronutrient intake was 52% carbohydrate (CHO), 32% fat, and 16% protein of total EI, although CHO intake was slightly below recommendations (5 g/kg BM/d) on game and practice (4.8 ± 1.4 and 4.5 g/kg BM/d) days. Game day EI was greater than practice and rest days. Recommended micronutrient intakes were not met by most athletes for iron, calcium, vitamin D, and potassium, and intakes were similar between game, practice, and rest days. In summary, the average EI for female varsity ice hockey players appeared adequate to meet their energy needs over a weekly cycle of game, practice, and rest days. However, these female athletes would benefit from increasing CHO intake on game and practice days and selecting foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals.

Ultra-processed food consumption and its correlates among Italian children, adolescents and adults from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES) cohort study.

To assess ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and its socio-demographic, psychosocial and behavioural correlates in a general population of Italian children, adolescents and adults. Cross-sectional telephone-based survey. Italy, 2010-2013. In total, 9078 participants (5-97 years) from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey. Dietary intakes were collected by a 1-d 24-h dietary recall. UPF was defined by the NOVA classification and expressed as percentage of total energies. Average energy intake from UPF (95 % CI) was 17·3 % (17·1 %, 17·6 %) among adults and 25·9 % (24·8 %, 27·0 %) in children/adolescents. Top sources of UPF were processed meats (32·5 %) and bread substitutes (16·7 %). Among adults, age (β = -3·10; 95 % CI (-4·40, -1·80) for >65 years v. 20-40 years; βs are dimensionless) and residing in Southern Italy (β = -0·73; 95 % CI (-1·32, -0·14) v. Northern) inversely associated with UPF. Screen view during meals was directly linked to UPF, as well as poor self-rated health (β = 5·32; 95 % CI (2·66, 7·99)), adverse life events (β = 2·33; 95 % CI (1·48, 3·18)) and low sleep quality (β = 2·34; 95 % CI (1·45, 3·23)). Boys consumed two-point percent more UPF of the total energy than girls (β = 2·01; 95 % CI (0·20, 3·82)). For all ages, a Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with UPF (β = -4·86; 95 % CI (-5·53, -4·20) for good v. poor adherence in adults and (β = -5·08; 95 % CI (-8·38, -1·77) for kids). UPF contributes a modest proportion of energy to the diets of Italian adults while being one-quarter of the total energies in children/adolescents. UPF was associated with several psychosocial factors and eating behaviours. Increased adherence to Mediterranean diet would possibly result in lower UPF consumption.

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Excess of Weight in Women with Endometrial Cancer

Obesity is one of major risk factor for endometrial cancer, which is the eighth most incident cancer among women in Brazil. The present study aimed to assess any possible associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and clinical or sociodemographic characteristics of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer. This is a cross-sectional study with women newly diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC). The study was conducted between December 2016 and January 2020, at a reference center for gynecological cancer treatment. The nutritional status was assessed by measuring anthropometric parameters and food consumption by the food frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the dependent variables overweight and obesity. The analyses were considered statistically significant when p < 0,05. The study population consisted of 318 women, with a mean age of 59.1 ± 6.9 years. The average daily energy intake was 2365.13 kcal/day, with 70.48% of energy consumption from fresh or minimally processed foods and 16.95% from UPF. Women above the highest tertile of UPF intake (19.27%) were more likely to be obese (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.12; 3.41, p < 0.01). Having a partner and systemic arterial hypertension was associated with the outcome. The high intake of UPF was associated with obesity, which indicates the need for nutritional intervention in this population.

Influence of eating habits and alcohol consumption on the academic performance among a university population in the community of Madrid: A pilot study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between dietary habits and alcohol consumption on academic performance among university students. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingUniversity located in Madrid, Spain. Participants56 university students of nursing (45 women and 11 men). The study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the University Ethics Committee (36/2018). Main outcome measureDietary intake and habits assessed with validated survey, alcohol consumption and academic performance. AnalysisChi-square test, Student's t-test, ANOVA analysis, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Shapiro-Wilk test. ResultsThe average daily energy intake of the students was 1918 ± 725 kcal and, on average, alcohol accounted for 6%. The increased energy contribution from alcohol was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an inverse association was also found in alcohol intake according to Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.02). Students with failing grades (53.6%) reported a higher daily alcohol intake than those who passed (42.2 %) (32 g/day versus 24 g/day) (p = 0.043). ConclusionsAlcohol consumption is related to both poor academic performance as well as diminished quality of life. Thus, it is of vital importance to undertake awareness campaigns at various levels to dissuade alcohol consumption especially at early ages.