Average Fat Research Articles

Extraction of protein from apricot kernel oil press cake (AKOPC) through innovative techniques and the formulation ofsupplemented yogurt.

The apricot kernel oil press cake (AKOPC) is a high protein natural by-product of oil mechanical expression with potential uses in cosmetics, medicines, and food. The purpose of this research was to improve the protein extraction process from apricot kernel oil press cake by using enzymatic extraction (EEP), aqueous extraction (AEP), and ultrasound extraction (UEP) process. Protein extraction by AEP was facilitated by a low solid-liquid ratio (SLR) (1:15.97) and prolonged reaction durations (3.30 h), resulting in extraction yields of 68%. When compared to the AEP by similar reaction time, increased enzyme utilization (0.90%) in the EEP resulted in greater protein extraction yields (70%) in a shorter reaction time. In addition to AEP and EEP, ultrasound extraction was also used to improve protein extractability. Temperature (50°C), power density (225 W/L), and extraction duration (20 min) were shown to be the best extraction points. Protein yield was found to be 56.47% at ideal UEP conditions. The experimental values for these reactions were found to be equivalent to the predicted values formed by the mathematical models. When supplementary skimmed milk powder (SMP) was substituted with apricot kernel protein (AKP) in the yogurt manufacturing process, the total solids, average titratable acidity, total protein, and fat contents of the yogurt were increased. In contrast, pH and syneresis values decreased as AKP increased in the resulting yogurt, whether fresh or after 7 days of cold storage. Substitution of additional SMP with AKP in yogurt production might be recommended up to 35%.

Komposisi Tubuh Member Senam Aerobik di Sanggar Se-Kecamatan Gunungpati

The purpose of the research is that gymnastic members perform aerobic exercise activities to form a good body composition, namely Body Mass Index (BMI) and a good percentage of body fat. The purpose of this study was to determine and identify the body composition of members of aerobic exercise in a studio in the district of Gunungpati. Descriptive quantitative research method with survey techniques and research design used is a cross-sectional research design, the subjects in this study are members of the gymnastics studio in the district of Gunungpati. Collecting data using total sampling technique using survey data collection methods on body composition. Then the data analysis technique using descriptive statistics with percentages. The conclusion from this study is that the average Body Mass Index (BMI) of gymnastics members is 26.57 kg/m² and is included in the obesity category I. The average body fat percentage of gymnastic members is 26.5% and is included in the normal category (fat average). And there is a relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage of r = 0.742. Suggestions given by researchers are:1) For members, it is hoped that they can be more diligent in participating in aerobic exercise classes, because if these gymnastic activities can run continuously, it will have a positive impact on members.2) For instructors, it is hoped that they will be more active in justifying members' movements, providing direction and motivation to members

Evaluation of the role of autologous fat transfer in reduction of radiation complications in implant based breast reconstruction

Background Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most common method of reconstruction after mastectomy.(1) Postoperative radiotherapy is associated with a significant increase in complications. We report our experience with the use of autologous fat transfer (AFT) to reduce radiation complications in (IBBR) and assess survival of the transferred fat after breast radiation. Patient and methods This study was a prospective comparative study of 20 patients who were divided into two groups using the closed envelope technique: group (A) consisted of 10 patients treated with (AFT) during the first phase of (IBBR), group (B) consisted of 10 patients not treated with (AFT) during the first phase of (IBBR), both groups underwent postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). A survey was done to analyze radiation complications and assessment of fat survival using computed tomography. Results Both groups (A) and (b) consist of 10 patients (9 unilateral and one bilateral) with 11 treated breasts in both groups Mean follow-up was 6 months. Complication rates in group (A) versus group (B) were as follows: surgical-site infection, 0% versus 9.1%; Superficial mastectomy flap necrosis, 9.1% versus 18.2%; wound dehiscence, 0% versus 9.1%; minor capsular contracture grade 1 2, 36.4% versus 54.5%; major capsular contracture grade 3,4 0 percent versus 18.2%; Radiation dermatitis 9.1% versus 27.3%; no hematoma, Seroma, Full-thickness mastectomy flap necrosis nor extrusion in both groups The average fat retention percentage after radiation was 74.82±4.21%. Conclusions Early data of the use of AFT as a protective measure in prepectoral IBBR in Patients with postmastectomy radiation therapy show promising results.

Analysis of leaf forage value and screening of different populations of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, a rare and endemic species in China.

To fully exploit the economic value of the Chinese endemic species Pteroceltis tatarinowii and provide new resources for forage production, the forage nutritional value of P. tatarinowii leaves from different populations was analyzed and evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the forage nutrient indices of leaves from different populations. The crude protein content was 10.77%-18.65%, with an average of 14.58%, and the SDJN population had the highest crude protein content. The average crude fat, crude fiber content was 7.62%; the average neutral detergent fiber content was 25.33%; and the average acid detergent fiber contents were 6.79%, 7.62%, 25.33%, and 17.52%, respectively. The average phosphorus and calcium content in the leaves was 0.785 g·kg-1 and 58.01 g·kg-1, respectively. The tannin content was much lower than the antifeedant standard, at an average of 4.97 g·kg-1. The average total amounts of hydrolyzed and free amino acids in the leaves were 108.20 mg·g-1 and 47.87 mg·g-1, respectively. Thus, P. tatarinowii leaves have high crude protein, crude fat, and calcium contents, and low fiber, tannin contents, and are protein-rich. These results provide evidence that this species can be developed into an excellent woody forage tree. 2) There were significant differences in the forage quality evaluation indices among the populations. The forage indices of NDP, ADP, DMI, DDM, and RFV of 21 populations all met the super standard of the American Grass and Grassland Association (AFGC) for hay, two crude protein indices met the grade 1 standard, and 12 crude protein indices met the grade 2 standard. Four high-protein and high-RFV forage populations (SDJN, SDZZ, SXLQ, and AHXX) were selected. 3) The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the forage characteristics of P. tatarinowii leaves and latitude and longitude, indicating no significant geographical variation. However, the forage characteristics were strongly correlated with elevation, average annual temperature, and annual precipitation. Thus, high elevation, low temperatures, and rainy weather can improve the forage value of the leaves. P. tatarinowii can be planted to provide leaf forage in cold and wet areas at a specific elevation. Moreover, the forage value of P. tatarinowii leaves can be further improved by increasing nitrogen fertilizer and reducing K and Ca fertilizers during cultivation. 4) Cluster analysis revealed obvious regionalism. Taking the Yangtze River Basin as the limit, cluster analysis divided the species into four population groups: the Yangtze River Basin and northern, southwestern, and eastern coastal populations.

Hybrid Augmentation Mastopexy with New Generation of Smooth Surface Implants: Combining the Benefits of Fat Grafting, Inferior Muscle Support, and an L-Shaped Scar.

Augmentation mastopexy (AM) is a challenging procedure. Complications include implant displacement and visibility, which can be addressed, but the stability of the smooth implant surface and poor soft-tissue coverage may present limitations. This article describes a surgical technique for AM using a composite reverse inferior muscle sling associated with autogenous fat grafting. Forty-five patients (90 breasts; mean age, 37.7 ± 7.2 years) underwent hybrid composite reverse inferior muscular sling AM. An upper/medial pole area between the implant and the clavicle region and parasternal area was marked to receive fat grafting and divided into three zones. Three-dimensional imaging was used to evaluate lower pole stretch and intermammary distance. The average implant volume was 265 cc (range, 175 to 335 cc). The average fat volumes in zones I/II and III were 80.1 (range, 61.6 to 95.2 cc) and 39.3 (range, 25.2 to 47.3 cc), respectively. Five complications were observed in three patients (6.6%)-minor dehiscence in two (4.4%) and nipple-areola asymmetry in one (2.2%). The lower pole stretched 11.51% (9.9 mm) and 9.8% (8.5 mm) on the right and left sides, respectively ( P < 0.0001), between 10 days and 1 year postoperatively. The intermammary distance was reduced, on average, 49.9% (25.1 mm) ( P < 0.001) between the preoperative value and 1 year postoperatively. Hybrid composite reverse inferior muscular sling has led to improved aesthetic results for patients with breast ptosis and poor tissue coverage. Fat grafting and recognizing cleavage zones are still important to obtain satisfactory results. This procedure offers a good alternative for AM candidates, providing an adequate smooth surface for implant stabilization.

Effect of different feed pellet on growth rate and survival levels of tilapia seeds (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) is a dominant commodity in the Indonesian freshwater fishery industry, and its growth relies on feed. Pellet are feed that is processed through a factory mechanism or human intervention, based on the cultivators’ needs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pelleted feed with varying protein content on growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. This was conducted from April 2022 to June 2022, in Tasiwalie Village, Suppa District, Pinrang Regency. The test animals used were tilapia aged 30 days, and feed include omega-3, Hi-Pro-vite 781, and Prima feed 500 grams each. An experimental method was employed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatment and replications, where treatment A, B, and C were Prima Feed (39 – 41%), Hi-Pro Vite (protein 31 – 33%), and Omega feed (protein 13 – 16%), respectively. Artificial feed was given at a dose of 5%/body weight 3 times a day. Also, water quality management was carried out by measuring temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia. The results showed that different feed affected protein retention with the highest average value of 43.23%, the highest average fat retention of 48.56%, absolute weight growth of 1.58 g, absolute length growth of 2.33 cm, daily specific weight growth rate of 3.75%, daily specific length growth rate of 5.56%, and feed utilization efficiency 70.60%. Furthermore, the best growth was obtained in treatment A, involving Prime Feed from 39 – 41%. This study showed that the percentage of protein had a significant effect on growth and survival of tilapia. Therefore, the feed industry is needed to formulate requirements based on tilapia fish, to increase production.Keywords:TilapiaFeedGrowthSurvival

646-P: Improved Metabolic Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after a Digital Intervention

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and efficacy of a digital intervention to improve metabolic outcomes for patients with T2DM and NAFLD. A single-arm study was conducted in Iceland. Participants were provided with a 12-week digital behavioral intervention via the Sidekick app, focused on health education and lifestyle coaching, reducing carbohydrate intake, increasing physical activity, and improving mental health. Individuals with NAFLD and either BMI&amp;gt;30, metabolic syndrome, or T2DM were recruited; here we present a sub-analysis of participants with T2DM. The primary outcome was feasibility, as measured by user retention and engagement; secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and clinical measures from baseline to post-program. Out of 38 recruited participants, 19 (50%) had T2DM (mean age 61.1 (SD 10.8) years, 10 (53%) female) and 18/19 (95%) completed the program. The 19 participants were active for a median of 7 days/week (IQR 4.76-7.0). Mean weight reduction was 3.9 kg (SD 4.1, p&amp;lt;0.001) and the average fat mass reduced by 2.4 kg (SD 2.9, p=0.002); a 4.9% relative change (SD 6.3). The median decrease in HbA1c levels was 4.0 mmol/mol (IQR -0.5, 5.0, p=0.05), fasting insulin decreased by 4.8 µU/ml (SD 9.2, p=0.03), and HOMA-IR by 2 mmol/L (SD 3.7, p=0.03). Mean systolic blood pressure reduced by 9.1 mmHg (SD 16.6, p=0.03), and relative liver fat by 18.6% (SD 25.3, p&amp;lt;0.01). These changes were not explained by changes in prescriptions or dosages, nor by self-reported medication adherence, and were not different between patients with or without T2DM. At the end of the 12-week digital intervention, participants with T2DM had improved glucose metabolism, liver fat values and body composition, suggesting that this digital intervention can help individuals with T2DM and NAFLD achieve better metabolic outcomes. Disclosure S. Bjornsdottir: Research Support; Sidekick Health, Reykjavik, Iceland. H. Úlfsdóttir: Employee; Sidekick Health. B. Dobies: Employee; Sidekick Health. E.F. Gudmundsson: Employee; Sidekick Health. K. Sveinsdottir: Employee; Sidekick Health. A.P. Isberg: Employee; Sidekick Health. G. Bjornsdottir: None. S. Sigurdsson: None. V. Gudnason: None.

Association of Body Condition Score with Lactation and Reproductive Performance in Murrah Cross Buffaloes in Chitwan, Nepal

Body condition score (BCS) is a precise method for determining the stored energy reserves of dairy animals, which are located in the form of subcutaneous fat tissue, indicated by the animal’s degree of accomplished nutrition, and could be used as a management and selection tool to improve reproductive performance. The objective of this research was to investigate and quantify relationships between BCS and milk production, milk composition, and reproductive performance in Murrah cross buffalo. For this purpose, a semi-structured questionnaire was created and BCS was calculated using a visual technique based on a BCS chart. The sampling approach employed was a completely randomized design. A total of 165 Murrah cross buffaloes from 59 household farms were used in the study, where 130 milk samples were collected and used to assess the milk parameters by lacto-scan. Four BCS groups were namely 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, and 4.0-4.99 where the BCS score was found to grow during the dry period until calving, then decreased as milk production increased. BCS group (3.5-3.99) had higher performance during all the lactation periods with a peak milk yield of 11.4 ± 1.1 kg. At the late lactation stage BCS group (3.5-3.99) showed higher values of SNF (9.77), protein (4.01), and lactose (3.82), followed by BCS groups 4.0-4.49, 3.0-3.49, and 2.5-2.99. At the early, lactation stages, the BCS group (3.5-3.99) had the highest (P&lt;0.01) average milk yield of 10.28, 9.50, 9.37 kg, and the BCS group (4- 4.49) had highest (P&lt;0.01) average fat percent of 9.19, 10.20, and 10.32, respectively. The buffaloes of BCS group 3.5-3.99 had shorter post-partum estrus (61.14days) (P&lt;0.01), fewer services for conception (1.30) (P&lt;0.01) and higher first service conception rate (79.87%) (P&lt;0.01). Similarly, the incidence of associated reproductive disorders such as uterine prolapse, retained placenta, metritis, and mastitis are lowest in BCS group 3.5-3.99 with values of 7.69%, 3.44%, 3.44%, and 6.89% respectively. It can be concluded that the BCS group (3.5–3.99) provided the greatest production results in both milk and reproductive function. For optimal animal lactation and reproductive performance, the nutrition management of dairy cows should be necessarily monitored using the BCS score.

Process development for paneer preparation from sheep milk of Hassan breed

Sheep milk has high nutritional value and high concentrations of proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins as compared to the milk of other domestic species. The high levels of protein, fat and calcium make it an excellent matrix for cheese production (Park et al., 2007). In order to explore the possibilities of preparation of value added product from the local sheep breeds (Hassan breed, Karnataka), a study been taken place to prepare the paneer using curd and citric acid as coagulants. Nutritional composition of Paneer samples prepared from sheep milk of Hassan breed is presented in Table 1. The average yield, moisture, Fat, Protein, Lactose, Acidity and total Ash contents of paneer prepared from sheep milk of Hassan breed using curd as coagulant are 91, 53.90, 23.28, 15.6, 2.67, 0.22 and 2.85, respectively. The average yield, moisture, Fat, Protein, Lactose, Acidity and total Ash contents of paneer prepared from sheep milk of Hassan breed using citric acid as coagulant are 70, 52.12, 23.06, 15.12, 2.53, 0.28 and 2.91, respectively.

Application of Modified Cassava Starch as a Fat Substitute in Cracker Production

Crackers are a popular food with an appreciable share of the consumer market. Fat is essential for the sensory properties of this product; however, a high fat content is associated with health disorders. For this reason, developing low-fat products with the same desirable attributes as the corresponding full-fat ones is a high priority for the food industry. The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of modified cassava starch as a fat substitute in crackers by measuring their physical and sensory properties and behavior during storage. Fat reduction in crackers led to higher fracturability values for all treatment but the pregelatinized (PREGEL) one ( 11.73 ± 0.39 N). The expansion ratio decreased with fat reduction, and the treatments with the highest expansion ratio and specific volume were the control (CTRL) ( 10.51 ± 0.21 and 1.97 ± 0.09 mL/g), the one with amyloglucosidase (AMG) ( 10.24 ± 0.10 and 2.20 ± 0.023 mL/g), and the pregelatinized (PREGEL) one ( 10.40 ± 0.16 and 1.99 ± 0.15 mL/g). The samples with modified starch showed an average total fat reduction of 49.51% compared with the control treatment. The results of sensory analysis by the acceptability test showed a greater inclination towards the CTRL and AMG treatments, in both color ( 6.73 ± 1.81 and 6.45 ± 2.08 , respectively) and texture ( 6.95 ± 1.72 and 6.67 ± 1.69 , respectively) parameters. During storage, the fracture strength decreased from 13.66 ± 0.32 N to 11.39 ± 0.57 N for AMG and from 12.5 ± 0.42 N to 10.77 ± 0.61 N for CTRL treatment, while the moisture content increased for both AMG (from 4.09 ± 0.85 % to 4.72 ± 0.13 % ) and CTRL (from 3.87 ± 0.14 % to 4.31 ± 0.43 % ) treatments between 0 and 30 days of storage. According to these results, it can be concluded that physically and enzymatically modified cassava starches can work as fat replacers in crackers.

Fat Hounsfield Unit Reference Interval Derived through an Indirect Method.

In vivo Hounsfield Unit (HU) values have traditionally been determined using direct CT image measurements. These measurements are dependent on the window/level used to examine the CT image and the individual conducting the fat tissue tracing. Using an indirect method, a new reference interval (RI) is proposed. A total of 4000 samples of fat tissues were collected from routine abdominal CT examinations. A linear regression equation was then calculated using the linear part of the cumulative frequency plot of their average values. The regression function for total abdominal fat was determined to be y = 35.376*x - 123.48, and a 95% confidence RI of -123 to -89 was computed. A significant difference of 3.82 was observed between the average fat HU values of visceral and subcutaneous areas. Using statistical methods and the in vivo measurements of patient data, a series of RIs were determined for fat HU that is consistent with theoretical values.

Effects of Whole-Body Vibrotherapy on Selected Parameters of Body Composition and Subjectively Perceived Quality of Life in Young Women

Introduction: Overweightness and obesity are a very worrying and growing health problem. Medical science is increasingly looking for effective ways to combat the effects of the disease, not only at the level of physical health, but also in other dimensions of human health, such as mental health and social function. A promising form of therapy in this area is vibration therapy.Research objectives: The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of whole-body vibrotherapy on selected parameters of body composition and subjectively perceived quality of life in young women.Materials and methods: The research was a pilot study. The study involved 22 women. Before and after 30 minutes of daily vibrotherapeutic treatment for a period of 4 weeks, body composition was measured with the Tanita analyser, which uses innovative electric bioimpedance technology (BIA). In addition, the participants completed the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire on quality of life assessment before and after a series of vibrotherapy sessions.Results: After a series of systemic vibrotherapies, lower average body mass index, fat %, fat mass, BMI, VFR, FFM and BMR values of the women studied were achieved than before the series. The decrease in indicators was shown to be associated with vibrotherapy, as the study group included healthy, untrained and non-dietary women. Of particular significance is the decrease in BMI and VFR, which was important in view of the short investigation period. The TBW and TBW rates increased slightly, which can also be classified as positive effects of the therapy. The subjective assessment of quality of life was not significantly changed in the study group, apart from the area of well-being, which showed a slight improvement in 54% (12 women in the 22-person group).Conclusion: Oscillatory-cycloidal vibrotherapy can be an effective tool to normalise the level of body composition parameters and to combat obesity. The positive effect of vibrotherapy on subjectively perceived quality of life among the subjects is also indicated.

Metabolic profiles reflect weight loss maintenance and the composition of diet after very-low-energy diet

Diet and weight loss affect circulating metabolome. However, metabolite profiles induced by different weight loss maintenance diets and underlying longer term weight loss maintenance remain unknown. Herein, we investigated after-weight-loss metabolic signatures of two isocaloric 24-wk weight maintenance diets differing in satiety value due to dietary fibre, protein and fat contents and identified metabolite features that associated with successful weight loss maintenance. Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics approach was used to analyse plasma metabolites of 79 women and men (mean age±SD 49.7±9.0 years; BMI 34.2±2.5kg/m2) participating in a weight management study. Participants underwent a 7-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) and were thereafter randomised into two groups for a 24-week weight maintenance phase. Higher satiety food (HSF) group consumed high-fibre, high-protein, and low-fat products, while lower satiety food (LSF) group consumed isocaloric low-fibre products with average protein and fat content as a part of their weight maintenance diets. Plasma metabolites were analysed before the VLED and before and after the weight maintenance phase. Metabolite features discriminating HSF and LSF groups were annotated. We also analysed metabolite features that discriminated participants who maintained ≥10% weight loss (HWM) and participants who maintained <10% weight loss (LWM) at the end of the study, irrespective of the diet. Finally, we assessed robust linear regression between metabolite features and anthropometric and food group variables. We annotated 126 metabolites that discriminated the HSF and LSF groups and HWM and LWM groups (p<0.05). Compared to LSF, the HSF group had lower levels of several amino acids, e.g. glutamine, arginine, and glycine, short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (CARs), odd- and even-chain lysoglycerophospholipids, and higher levels of fatty amides. Compared to LWM, the HWM group in general showed higher levels of glycerophospholipids with a saturated long-chain and a C20:4 fatty acid tail, and unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs). Changes in several saturated odd- and even-chain LPCs and LPEs and fatty amides were associated with the intake of many food groups, particularly grain and dairy products. Increase in several (lyso)glycerophospholipids was associated with decrease in body weight and adiposity. Increased short- and medium-chain CARs were related to decreased body fat-free mass. Our results show that isocaloric weight maintenance diets differing in dietary fibre, protein, and fat content affected amino acid and lipid metabolism. Increased abundances of several phospholipid species and FFAs were related with greater weight loss maintenance. Our findings indicate common and distinct metabolites for weight and dietary related variables in the context of weight reduction and weight management. The study was registered in isrctn.org with identifier 67529475.

The Energy a Plastic Surgeon Expends during Liposuction.

A series of cases was carried out from April 2022 to November 1, 2022, in three different plastic surgery centers. Three plastic surgeons recorded the procedures using an Apple Watch, choosing from among Apple Watch training options and free indoor walking. The surgeon then concluded the registration at the time of finishing the surgery and removed the surgical gloves and gowns. Complete data were obtained for 63 patients. The average fat obtained per 1 kcal of energy was 6.14 cm3 of fat, and 160 cal to obtain 1 cm3 of fat by liposuction. Other data that demonstrated statistically significant correlations were fat volume versus average pace (km), total fat volume versus average heart rate, fat volume versus surgical time, and fat volume versus distance. Liposuction is a surgical procedure that requires considerable effort. This study demonstrates the amount of energy required for regular liposuction. Compared with other single procedures, three times more energy is required to complete liposuction.

0014 Sleep Desert = More Dessert? Circadian Misalignment Predicts Greater Sugar Consumption in Adolescents

Abstract Introduction As adolescent sleep duration and quality is declining, obesity rates are also increasing. Previous studies suggest a connection between sleep behaviors and obesity, with sleep’s relationship with dietary intake emerging as a primary mechanism. Circadian misalignment may be particularly important to consider in this context due to its previously observed effects on reward processing and snack selection. This study examined the relationship between circadian misalignment and dietary intake among adolescents. Methods Fifty healthy adolescents (14-18, 58% female, 94% white) participated in an 11-day procedure. On day one, participants’ height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured. For the next ten days, participants maintained a sleep diary and completed three 24-hour dietary recalls on randomized days. On the eleventh day, participants came to the lab for a six-hour appointment in a dim-light room (lux &amp;lt; 5). Every 30 minutes, participants provided saliva samples to measure dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). To measure circadian misalignment, the timing of melatonin onset was subtracted from average bedtime noted in the sleep diaries; lower values suggest greater misalignment. Results We conducted multiple regression analyses to examine circadian misalignment as a predictor of average kcal, protein, fat, and sugar consumption. We hypothesized that circadian misalignment would be a positive predictor of greater kcal, fat, and sugar intake but a negative predictor of less protein intake. However, circadian phase did not significantly predict average kcal (F(1, 42) = 1.37, p = .25, R2 = .03, β = -.18, b = -102.86), fat F(1,42) =.001, p=.97, R2=.00, β=-.01, b=-.17), or protein (F(1,42) =.59, p=.45, R2=.01, β=-.12, b=-2.75) consumption. Circadian misalignment did significantly predict average sugar intake, with greater misalignment predicting less sugar intake F(1,42) =4.27, p=.04, R 2 =.09, β=-.30, b=-13.77. Conclusion Although adolescents’ circadian misalignment does not predict kcal, protein, or fat consumption, it does predict sugar consumption. Adolescents whose sleep is not aligned with their intrinsic circadian rhythm may be at greater risk for consuming more sugar, which may ultimately increase obesity risk. These findings add to the literature on the potential relationship between sleep and obesity as moderated by dietary intake. Support (if any)

Enhancing Philtrum Morphology Using Fat Grafting Combined with Percutaneous Rigottomy in Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip.

Improving the philtrum morphology of patients with a secondary cleft lip deformity has been a challenge in cleft care. Combining fat grafting with percutaneous rigottomy has been advocated for treatment of volumetric deficiency associated with a scarred recipient site. This study assessed the outcome of synchronous fat grafting and rigottomy for improvement of cleft philtrum morphology. Consecutive young adult patients ( n = 13) with a repaired unilateral cleft lip who underwent fat grafting combined with rigottomy expansion technique for enhancement of philtrum morphology were included. Preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional facial models were used for three-dimensional morphometric analyses including philtrum height, projection, and volume parameters. Lip scar was qualitatively judged by a panel composed by two blinded external plastic surgeons using a 10-point visual analogue scale. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis revealed a significant (all P < 0.05) postoperative increase of the lip height-related measurements for cleft philtrum height, noncleft philtrum height, and central lip length parameters, with no difference ( P > 0.05) between cleft and noncleft sides. The postoperative three-dimensional projection of the philtral ridges was significantly ( P < 0.001) larger in cleft (1.01 ± 0.43 mm) than in noncleft sides (0.51 ± 0.42 mm). The average philtrum volume change was 1.01 ± 0.68 cm 3 , with an average percentage fat graft retention of 43.36% ± 11.35%. The panel assessment revealed significant ( P < 0.001) postoperative scar enhancement for the qualitative rating scale, with mean preoperative and postoperative scores of 6.69 ± 0.93 and 7.88 ± 1.14, respectively. Synchronous fat grafting and rigottomy improved philtrum length, projection, and volume and lip scar in patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip. Therapeutic, IV.

The Impact of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Fortification and Frozen Storage Conditions on the Chemical Composition of Tuna (Thunnus albacare) Sandwich

Tuna is an Indonesian fishery product that is one of the country's primary foreign exchange producers. This research aimed to determine the optimal addition of Eucheuma cattonii seaweed and duration of storage at -18oC. (2) The second factor is storage duration at -18oC, with three levels: B1: 0 days (control), B2: 10 days, and B3: 20 days. In the proximate test, the water content, protein content, and lipid content were observed. The analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 12. The addition of 20% seaweed with a 20-day storage period yielded the lowest water content, as determined by the results. The maximum water content was found in the 10% seaweed addition treatment. The addition of 30% seaweed and storage for 20 days resulted in the lowest protein content, while the addition of 10% seaweed and storage for 0 days resulted in the highest protein content. The average fat content ranged from 0.7% to 1.14 %, indicating that the maximum fat content of the sandwich product was obtained by storing it at -18°C for 20 days with 10% seaweed. While the treatment of 30% seaweed with extended storage at -18°C or the control had the lowest fat content. The results of the analysis of the effect of adding seaweed and storage time at -18°C on tuna sandwiches indicate that the combination of treatment with the addition of 30% seaweed and storage at -18°C for 20 days can maintain the nutritional value of sandwich products. The tuna sticks with the greatest score on the proximity test.

Investigating Psychic and Body Complications Caused by Inactivity Among Students of University During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: The level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the mental and physical complications caused by inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during virtual classes. Methods: This was survey research with a cross-sectional design. The statistical population included all male and female students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the determination of the sample size based on the Morgan table, 475 students, consisting of 214 females and 261 males, were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments include the international physical activity questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), the Coopersmith self-esteem scale (1967), the Beck depression questionnaire, and the Nordic skeletal and muscular disorders questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used the independent sample t test to compare the two groups. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS software, version 24. Results: The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women was 634±281 MET/min, and the average weekly activity level among men was 472 ±231 MET/min. In terms of fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage was 21.47%±4.74%, and women’s average fat percentage was 31.55%±4.37%. Meanwhile, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained at 29.72 and 29.43, respectively. The difference between the two was considered significant as P&lt;0.05. In addition to these findings, the correlation between self-esteem and activity level was +0.41. On the other hand, 25(67%) female students and 12(32%) male students suffered from high depression. Conclusion: Concerning students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered from physical complications during virtual classes. This study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health, and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students.

Use and organization of feeding of Hutsul mares in equine therapy

Based on the center of hippotherapy "Berehynia Polissia" (Zhytomyr, Ukraine), a study was conducted on the preparation and organization of feeding of Hutsul horses used in hippotherapy to prepare children with psychoneurological disorders for an inclusive educational process. The analysis of animal feeding systems was developed and carried out, and the leading indicators of the growth and development of horses were determined using generally accepted zootechnical methods. The data obtained were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics. The determined values of the indices of the body structure of horses corresponded to the characteristics of the Hutsul breed. The physiological parameters of the animals allowed for convenient interaction and practical therapeutic sessions with children. The organized feeding provided for feeding the animals in sufficient quantities of feed with high biological value, which is necessary to meet the needs of the horses for energy, organic, mineral, and biologically active substances. In the structure of winter rations, roughage accounted for 67.3 %, root crops for 6.5 %, and concentrates for 26.2 %. In the summer rations, the share of roughage ranged from 57.3 to 61.7 %, fodder beet – about 6.1 %, and concentrated feed – from 24.43–25.78 %. The premix was fed within 1% of the total nutritional value. The daily salt content in the horses' diets ranged from 30 to 40 g. It was found that the consumption of an appropriate amount of metabolic energy, organic matter, and mineral elements by horses during active exercise helps to maintain their condition at a level of average fatness. The horses demonstrated a therapeutic effect, confirmed by an experimental study. In particular, 83.3 % of children with neuropsychiatric disorders had an average level of adaptation to the inclusive educational process, 10.4 % had a high level, and 6.3 % had a low level.

Современное состояние биологии, запасов и промысла атерины (Atherina boyeri caspia (Eichwald)) в западной части Среднего и Северного Каспия

The article considers the original results of observations and analysis of the catches of atherina (Atherina boyeri caspia (Eichwald)) by months by stationary nets in the Terek-Caspian fishery subarea (Republic of Dagestan). The size-weight and age indicators of the spawning stocks of atherina have been characterized. For the first time in recent years the conditions for atherina spawning in the western part of the Middle and Northern Caspian are described. All biostatistical indicators of atherina obtained in the recent years (2016–2021) are listed: average linear weight parameters, average fatness coefficient according to Fulton (0.944) indicate a high fattening of fish. Size and weight composition of females and males, age-related fluctuations in length and weight, comparative analysis of atherina concentrations, characteristics of atherina reproduction in the conditions of the Northern and Middle Caspian, fecundity of different age groups, quantitative distribution of roe, larvae and fry of atherina, as well as dynamics of the age composition from catches prove a satisfactory state of stocks of this fish species. Comparative analyses of autumn concentrations of atherina in the Middle Caspian in 1958–1963 and in 2018–2021 are presented, as well as spp/h of trawling, age-related fluctuations in the length and weight in the autumn period (2016–2021). It has been found that atherina in the Caspian Sea is the main object of by-catch when fishing for kilka with stationary seines (in average 56.3 tons per year); it plays an important role as a food component for many fish species (sea herring, sturgeon) and mammals (Caspian seal) living in the waters of the Caspian Sea. Prospective volumes of processing atherina for fishmeal are also considered for the first time. On the scale of the Caspian Sea, with intensive kilka fishing by stationary seines as by-catch, it is possible to catch atherina in the amount of 150–200 tons. Despite the small volumes, they would significantly cover the deficit in the fish feed. Due to the increasing population of atherina in the natural conditions it is required to actively involve atherina in the fishing processes of the organizations in order to maximize the development of the commercial stock.