Average Fat Content Research Articles

A comparison of milk protein, fat, lactose, total solids and amino acid profiles of three different buffalo breeds in Guangxi, China

This study compared the milk protein, fat, lactose, total solids and amino acids (AA) profiles of Murrah buffalo, Nili-Ravi buffalo and crossbreed buffalo. Buffalo milk samples of Murrah (n = 25), Nili-Ravi (n = 20) and Triple-crossbred (n = 23) were collected and milk protein, fat, lactose, total solids and 17 AA profiles were determined. Milk protein and total solids contents of Murrah buffalo were higher than those of Nili-Ravi buffalo (p < .05). The average milk protein, fat, lactose and total solids contents of all buffalo samples were 4.76, 7.31, 5.19 and 18.40 g/100 g of milk, respectively. The AA composition of all three kinds of milk samples was rich in glutamic acid (0.89–0.96 g/100 g of milk) and poor in cysteine (0.01–0.02 g/100 g of milk). Leucine, lysine, valine and isoleucine were the most prevalent essential amino acids; while glutamic acid, proline, aspartic acid and serine were the most prevalent non-essential amino acids in the three kinds of milk samples. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed for concentrations of Lys, Ile, Leu, Phe, Cys and His, while the other 11 amino acids had no significant differences (p > .05). Conclusively, the milk of Murrah buffalo, Nili-Ravi buffalo and crossbreed buffalo was all rich in glutamic acid while poor in cysteine contents. After crossbreeding, the milk production of Triple-crossbred buffalo was higher than the local Chinese buffalo and its milk composition was in between those of Murrah and Nili-Ravi.

Study of top ballet school students revealed large deficiencies in their body weight and body fat.

This study assessed the nutritional status and physical activity levels of 150 female students aged 10-18 from three top Polish ballet schools, where the most promising dancers go on to pursue professional ballet careers. We analysed the girls' body composition, physical activity level (PAL) and PAL coefficient. The ballet students also completed a questionnaire. The results revealed large deficiencies in the body weight and body fat of the young ballerinas. The mean body mass index (BMI) for the group was 16.8 kg/m2 . Polish centile charts showed that 18% of the girls had BMIs below the norm and 54% had a lower than average body fat content, with a mean of 15.6%. The body fat content was lowest (13.8%) in the 13- to 15-year age group. On average, girls aged 10-12 had 15.7% body fat, while girls aged 16-18 had 18.4%. The mean values for the anthropometric measurements were higher in older girls. The majority (72%) of the respondents reported high physical activity levels, defined as more than 15 hours of exercise per week. Special attention should be paid to low BMIs and body fat in young ballet school dancers aged 10-15 years.

Differences in nutrient and energy contents of commonly consumed dishes prepared in restaurants v. at home in Hunan Province, China.

Eating away from home is associated with poor diet quality, in part due to less healthy food choices and larger portions. However, few studies account for the potential additional contribution of differences in food composition between restaurant- and home-prepared dishes. The present study aimed to investigate differences in nutrients of dishes prepared in restaurants v. at home. Eight commonly consumed dishes were collected in twenty of each of the following types of locations: small and large restaurants, and urban and rural households. In addition, two fast-food items were collected from ten KFC, McDonald's and food stalls. Five samples per dish were randomly pooled from every location. Nutrients were analysed and energy was calculated in composite samples. Differences in nutrients of dishes by preparation location were determined. Hunan Province, China. Na, K, protein, total fat, fatty acids, carbohydrate and energy in dishes. On average, both the absolute and relative fat contents, SFA and Na:K ratio were higher in dishes prepared in restaurants than households (P < 0·05). Protein was 15 % higher in animal food-based dishes prepared in households than restaurants (P<0·05). Quantile regression models found that, at the 90th quantile, restaurant preparation was consistently negatively associated with protein and positively associated with the percentage of energy from fat in all dishes. Moreover, restaurant preparation also positively influenced the SFA content in dishes, except at the highest quantiles. These findings suggest that compared with home preparation, dishes prepared in restaurants in China may differ in concentrations of total fat, SFA, protein and Na:K ratio, which may further contribute, beyond food choices, to less healthy nutrient intakes linked to eating away from home.

Betaine Supplementation and Milk Production during Heat Stress in Crossbred Cows

Twenty crossbred cows (HF ×Jersey) yielding 18–20 kg milk/d were divided into two groups of ten each based on milk yield, fat% and stage of lactation during hot summer months. The animals in both the groups were fed basal diet comprising 9.0 kg concentrates, 25.0 kg green fodder and 3.5 kg dry fodder. In addition to basal diet, animals in experimental group were supplemented with betaine hydrochloride @ 30 g/d and buffer @ 100 g/d for 90 d. The average temperature-humidity index was 71.78 and 78.12 at 09: 00 and 14: 00 h, respectively. Study revealed that betaine supplementation improved (P<0.01) DMI and milk yield by 8.79 and 10.55% in cows as compared to control group. Average fat (3.70% vs. 3.96%; P<0.01) and SNF (8.54% vs. 8.63%; P<0.01) contents were also higher in experimental group. Lower DMI (14.2 and 15.7 kg/d) and milk yield (15.4 and 17.4 kg/) were observed in both the groups when there was higher THI (83.3) during the study. Rectal temperature (103.4 vs. 102.6oF), respiration rate (63.5 vs. 45.5/min.) and pulse rate (76.8 vs. 60.8/min.) at 14: 00 h were lower (P<0.05) in cows supplemented with betaine as compared to control group. The net daily income was higher by 20.05 (P<0.05) in experimental group as compared to control. Therefore, supplementation of betaine hydrochloride and buffer in the ration of dairy cows during heat stress period not only maintained DMI and milk yield but also improved net daily income of dairy farmers in tropical conditions of India.

Вплив змішанолігандного комплексу кобальту на його обмін у організмі високопродуктивних корів

&lt;p&gt;In the scientific and economic research we investigated the influence different levels of mixed ligand complex of Cobalt on milk productivity and its exchange in the organism of highly productive cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed in combination with sulfates: Zinc 650 g/t, potassium 38 g/t, sodium selenite 1.8 g/t. For cows of the 1st control group, we administrated 8.9 g/t of cobalt sulfate, 2nd group – 9.7 g/t of mixed ligand complex of cobalt, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups respectively, were fed into rations, g/t: 7.3; 4.9, and 2.4. As a result, the cows of the 1st control group and the 2nd experimental group the deficit in Cobalt was eliminated 100 % to the current norm, and for cows of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups - 75, 50 and 25 %.&lt;br /&gt;The conducted researches have proved that the highest average daily milk yield of natural fat had cows of the 3rd experimental group, which consumed mixed fodder in the composition of mixed ligand complex of Cobalt in the amount of 75 % by concentration of the metal, which prevailed the analogues of the control group for this indicator, respectively, by 4.4 kg (р≤0.01), or by 9.7%. Cows of the 2nd, 4th and 5th experimental groups according to the average daily milk fat content of the natural fat were dominated by analogues of control, respectively, by 2.1 kg or 4.8 %; 3.2 kg or 7.1% (p≤0.05); and 1.3 kg, or 2.9 %. During the experiment, fat content of milk of cows of the 3rd experimental group exceeded fat content of milk of control group of cows by 0.03%, and in terms of milk, the 4% fat content milk yield was 3649.7 kg, which is 10.8 % (p≤0.01) higher yields of experimental cows in the control group. As for the content of protein in milk, there was no significant difference between the groups in this indicator. The use of sulfuric acid Cobalt in accordance with the recommended norm in the diet of experimental cows resulted in its positive balance in the body at 4.87 mg per head per day. And in the cows of the 2-5th experimental groups who ate this trace in the form of a mixed ligand complex the balance was, respectively, 8.19 % (p≤0.01), 10.07 (p≤0.01), 8.89 (p≤0.01), and 8.05 (p≤0.01).&lt;/p&gt;

Yield, flesh parameters, and proximate and fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of wild and cultured Vieja Colorada (Cichlasoma festae) in tropical Ecuadorian river

This study was conducted to determine the composition of cultured and wild Cichlasoma festae in Ecuador. The mean slaughter yield and dress-out were similar for cultured and wild specimens and the average fillet fat content for cultured fish was significantly higher compared to the wild fish. The pH, fillet color, drip loss and coked loss were similar between populations. Significant differences were found in protein, lipid and ash content in both studied populations. This study showed that saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher than sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in both populations. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids had the maximum percentage of SFA, MUFA and PUFA respectively. In cultured and wild fish was also found to differ in the PUFA/SFA, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3/n-6 ratios and atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. Minerals included Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn. There were significant differences in the first six ones. The production system (cultured or wild) influences significantly most of the analyzed characteristics of carcass and flesh of C. festae. These results provide valued nutritional information of native species to produce sources of food with low-fat and high-protein, and safety food for the consumers in Ecuadorian country.

An Investigation of Food Quality and Oil Stability Indices of Muruku by Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis

In the present study, the quality of Muruku, a popular Indian traditional snack prepared by deep frying, was determined. Seven different brands or types of Muruku were obtained based on packaging types. The average fat and moisture content were 29.27% to 45.47% and 0.73% to 5.35%, respectively. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids falls within the healthy range of 0.20 to 0.33. The oil indices analysis showed that the values of peroxide (PV), p-anisidine (PAV), acid value (AV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) of the oil extracted from the Muruku were in the range of 3.52 to 10.27 meq O2/kg, 3.67 to 14.04, 3.71 to 15.73 mg KOH/g and 2.42 to 38.59 mg malonaldehyde eq/kg, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the samples into four groups indicating differences in the quality of the snack. Discriminant analysis showed that average lightness, redness, yellowness values, saturated fatty acids content, TBA, PAV, and moisture content were the main contributors in discriminating the samples. This suggests that most of the Muruku samples were subjected secondary oxidation either due to long storage because of inappropriate packaging technology employed or exposure to light and heat, which may increase the risk of rancidity and toxicity.

Factors affecting goat milk fat yield

The objective of the paper was to investigate the main factors determining the yield of fat in goat milk in the dairy goat population of Lithuania. The research was carried out on a total of 1,079 dairy goats (4 breeds: Czech White Shorthaired (n = 610), Saanen (n = 364), Lithuanian native (n = 94) and Anglo-Nubian (11)) in 7 dairy farms. The average milk yield during lactation was 797.42 (±53.3) kg. The average milk fat content was 4.14% (±0.4). The research of the goat milk fat content demonstrated that the indicators investigated in different herds varied. The highest milk fat content in percent was determined among AngloNubian – 5.2%. The milk fat content of all breeds of goats increased with increasing the parity up to the 4–6th parity, respectively, and started decreasing then, after reaching the peak. While assessing the quantity of milk fat during the stage of lactation, the highest milk fat content was determined during the first months (4.5–4.7%) and at the end of lactation (4.5%). The research performed by us showed that such factors as breed, parity, stage of lactation and herd had an impact on the quantity of goat milk fat.

Dependence of productive longevity of cows on their index of origin

The data on the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted breeds of dairy cows and their influence on these indices of the index of origin are given. The research was conducted at the Ltd «Milk Rivers» in the Sokalj district, Lviv region. Retrospective analysis of productive longevity of cows was carried out on materials of zootechnical records. The index of the origin of cows was defined as the average value for the best lactation of their female ancestors (mothers, mothers of mothers and parents' mothers). It was established that cows with different index of origin differed in duration and efficiency of life-long use. The longest life expectancy, productive use and lactation, the highest life expectancy, the lifetime of milk fat, the greater number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use were animals with an index of origin of up to 4500 kg of milk, and the average lifetime fat in milk- individuals who have these indices were in the range 5500–6000 kg of milk. Better for milk yield for one day of life, productive use and lactation and the amount of milk fat for one day of life and productive use were cows with an index of origin of over 7000 kg of milk, and in the amount of milk fat for one day of lactation – individuals with a magnitude of this index of 6500–7000 kg of milk. Of particular interest for breeding of dairy cattle is the clarification of the links between the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of life-time use of cows with the milk productivity of their female ancestors, in particular with an index of origin. The correlation coefficients between the investigated indicators ranged from low negative (-0.003) to moderate positive values (+0.279). By the level of connection, the greatest predicted value was yields and the amount of milk fat for one day of life, productive use and lactation. One-factor dispersion analysis has established a different degree of influence of the index of origin of cows on the indicators of their productive longevity. The lowest influence of this indicator was observed on life expectancy, productive use and lactation, life expectancy, average lifetime fat content in milk and the lifetime of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life, the number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use of cows. At the same time, it should be noted that this influence on the average lifetime content of fat in milk, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life was reliable (P &lt; 0.05–0.01). The highest and most probable effect of the index of origin was on yields and the amount of milk fat per day of productive use and lactation (ηx2=23.41–30.17%).

Quality evaluation of selected ice cream samples sold in the market of Bikaner city (Rajasthan)

Dairy products are universally known for their nutritional and therapeutic values. Kulfi is the popular Indian frozen concentrated milk product, which is an ice cream like product, has been quoted in literature in different ways like Kulfi, Kulffi, Kulafi, Kulfy, Kulphy . Kulfi which is one of the most popular and nutritious dairy product can sometimes become a potential source of health hazard, by causing food poisoning outbreaks or by acting as a carrier of pathogens or by adulteration. The present study was attempted to evaluate the quality of Kulfi . For this, samples were collected in triplicates in previously sterilized containers, from five prominent shops of Bikaner city. The average moisture, crude protein, fat, total ash, carbohydrate, energy, calcium and phosphorus content was ranged from 42.36-57.20 g %, 6.56-9.28 g %, 10.13-18.56 g %, 3.35-4.35 g %, 15.01-35.16 g %, 233-273 Kcal, 683-718 mg %, and 736-901 mg %, respectively. Forty per cent and 20 per cent samples were noted to be of satisfactory quality with respect to SPC and faecal streptococcal count, respectively. Presence or absence of adulterants like starch and metanil yellow were also detected, but all the samples were found to be devoid of starch but in 20 per cent samples the inedible color that is metanil yellow was present. With respect to the possibility of adulteration and microbial contamination, quality of Kulfi remains in question.

Variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles in seeds of a Polish white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) collection

The paper assess the variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles in seeds of a white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) domestic collection. The initial material comprised 371 accessions originated from 30 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, North- and South America and Australia. According to data given by accession donors the material is divided into four classes of origin: wild lines, landraces, lines created by man and cultivars. Variability of fat content and fatty acids composition were estimated in seeds of each accession. The average fat content for analyzed collection is 9.81%. The broadest range of fat content was noticed for landraces and cultivars as compared to narrowest represented by lines created by man. Fat content ranged from 6.9% (induced mutant Wt 95497) to 14.1% (Polish cultivar Wt 95420 and the landrace Wt 95212 from Jordan). From a dietetic point of view, oil quality is more important than oil quantity in lupin seeds. On average the fatty acid (FA) in examined accessions ranked in following order of abundance: oleic acid (C18:1) > linoleic acid (C18:2) > linolenic acid (C18:3) > palmitic acid (C16:0) > eicosenoic acid (C20:1) > stearic acid (C18:0) ≈ erucic acid (C22:1). In respect to unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated oleic acid in each of estimated classes of accessions was predominant and most abundant (55.7%) in broad range of minimum–maximum values from 41.2 to 66.2%. The second examined monounsaturated fatty acid was erucic acid (1.74%) found in seeds of almost all studied accessions. An exception were four accessions defined similarly to rapeseeds as “zero erucic” forms. In seeds of few accessions a content of erucic acid exceeded 3%. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic FA (ω−6) dominated followed by linolenic FA (ω−3). Both FA were in the range 13.7–33.2% and 5.6–12.8% with mean values on the level 19.6 and 10.1%, respectively. As a consequence, the examined white lupin seeds showed a very favourable ω−3/ω−6 FA ratio (0.51), ranging from 0.21 to 0.87, much higher than that of most vegetable oils. Fat content was positively correlated with stearic and oleic fatty acids and negatively with palmitic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acid.

Evaluation of quality and stability of chhana whey beverage fermented with lactic acid bacteria

A large amount of whey is being produced in India every day during preparation of chhana and chhana based sweetmeats. The drainage of the whey produced not only increases the BOD load of the environment but also causes loss of essential nutrients. Preparation of chhana whey based fermented beverage is one of the key processes of effective utilization of whey. In the present study two chhana whey based beverages were prepared separately by fermenting the whey with two different cultures namely Streptococcus thermophilus NCDC-74 (Beverage I) and Yoghurt culture YC-470 containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (Beverage II) by adding at 2% inoculum level. The average total solid, fat, protein and lactose content were found to be 22.30, 0.18, 0.259, 4.39% and 22.79, 0.20, 0.26, 4.31% in beverage I and beverage II respectively. The overall sensory score of both the beverages were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that of control sample. Both the beverages were acceptable up to 20 days when stored at 7±2°C.

Environmental and nutrition impact of achieving new School Food Plan recommendations in the primary school meals sector in England

ObjectivesThe aim of this modelling study was to estimate the expected changes in the nutritional quality and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) of primary school meals due to the adoption of...

Duration and effectiveness of lifelong use of cows according to their milk yield for first and better lactation

The aim of research was to study the duration the effectiveness and lifelong use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows and the impact on these indicators of milk yield for the first and best of lactation. Research was carried out in Ltd. «Milk River» Sokal district, Lviv region. It is established, that the highly indices of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, number of lactations for life and the coefficient of economic use there were cows, milk yield for the first lactation of which was 3501–4000, for the best – 5001–5500 kg, but for the lifelong yields and the amount of milk fat – with the milk yield for the first lactation 4001–4500, for better – more than 6000 kg. Better by yields and the number of butterfat on one day of life, productive use and lactation were cows with milk yield for the first lactation of over 5500 kg, and for better – more than 6000 kg. Thanks to the correlation analysis is set different levels and the direction of indicators duration communication and the efficiency and lifetime use of experimental cows with their milk yield for the first lactation. The highest positive and significant correlation coefficients have been established between the animals yields for the first lactation and their yields (0.426–0.812) and the amount of milk fat (0.445–0.811) for a day of life, productive use and lactation. Negative, but probable links were between milk yield of cows for the first lactation and the duration of their life, productive use, lactation, number of lactations in life, the coefficient economic use. The greatest influence of cows yield for the first lactation had their yield and the amount of milk fat for a day of productive use (61.89 and 62.47% respectively) and lactation (54.97 and 56.44%) and the lowest – in a lifelong yield (2.01%) and the lifelong number of milk fat (1.97%). The largest predicted value had the links between the yields for the best lactation of cows and their lifelong milk yield, lifelong number of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat for a day of life and productive use and lactation. These links in all cases were close, highly reliable and were in the range 0.598–0.911. The lowest correlation coefficient, in addition improbable and negative, was observed between milk yield of cows for the best lactation and average fat content in milk for all lactation (-0.008). Significant influence of better lactation on the above mentioned indicators are confirmed by our calculation the indicators of influence power, which ranged from 39.53 to 77.68%. The lowest power of influence of this factor was observed in the average fat content in milk for all investigated lactation (1.02%).

Some chemical and physical characteristics of farmed pheasant hens (Phasianus cholchicus) breast meat

Ring necked pheasant is the most significant game bird in Hungary. Around 300.000 pheasant harvested (hunted) annually and generally these birds are consumed by the hunters. As there are limited data on the quality of pheasant meat, in the present study we aimed to analyze some physical and chemical properties of it. At 20 weeks of age 63 pheasant hens were exterminated by cervical dislocation and meat, liver, spleen and heart samples were taken. The live weight of the birds was 1045±92g (870 to 1300g). The average weight of the liver, spleen and heart was 14.12±2.58, 0.47±0.13 and 4.30±0.49, respectively. The average drip loss was 5.90±2.38% (0.68±0.28g). As was expected the average protein content (26.2±0.7%) of the pheasant breasts was markedly higher than in broiler or turkey. The average fat content (0.4±0.2%) was similar to that in turkey. The unique chemical and physical properties of the pheasant meat make it suitable to fit in the human nutrition.

Evaluation of marbling traits by X-ray computed tomography in Hungarian Simmental bulls

Marbling is an economically important factor in many beef carcass grading schemes. This study aimed to evaluate marbling traits of longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) with different methods: USDA marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF) content by image analysis of X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans and by conventional analytical method. Bulls (n=46) were slaughtered at an average weight of 536 kg and an average age of 646 days. Mean values of EUROP fat scores varied from 2− to 2+, whereas mean values of EUROP conformation grade from O0 to R0. Average growth rate of bulls was 955 g/day. Average chemical fat content of LT varied from 2.2% to 3.1% across conformation classes, and from 2.3% to 5.0% across fat classes. Intramuscular fat content in the 12th rib and in LT on CT-scans closely correlated with chemical fat content (r=0.81 and 0.85, respectively). The highest frequency of USDA marbling score was ‘small’ (55.2%), followed by ‘slight’ (25.5%), ‘modest’ (17%) and ‘moderate’ (2.1%). Computed tomography scans of LT can be used for the evaluation of marbling in Hungarian Simmental cattle. Bulls with higher growth rate had lower marbling level in LT (r=−0.4 to −0.5). EUROP conformation and fat scores have no relationship with marbling traits in this specific cattle population.

Relationships Between Maternal Engorgement Weight and the Number, Size, and Fat Content of Larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae).

The relationship between engorgement weight of female Ixodes scapularis Say and characteristics of offspring was studied using field-collected females fed on rabbits in the laboratory. The number of eggs laid was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in one trial, and larval size (estimated by scutal area) was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in the other. These results suggest a trade-off in number of eggs produced versus average size of offspring, possibly determined during late engorgement. The adults for the two trials were collected from different sites in southern Rhode Island and in different seasons (the fall adults were newly emerged, while the spring adults had presumably lived through the winter), so it is not clear whether these results reflect genetic differences or subtle environmental differences between trials. Percent egg hatch and average fat content of larvae were not related to female engorgement weight. We present a modified method to measure lipid content of pooled larval ticks.

PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY DAUGHTERS OF SIRES UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

In pedigree farm of Cherkasy region, in the modern highly mechanized technologies of milk production, research on studying influence of sires’ heredity on the duration of use and lifetime productivity of their daughters was conducted. The research materials were withdrawn livestock of daughters of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Holstein sires in the amount of 784 head. Duration of lactation, milk yield, content and yield of milk fat for the entire lactation were recorded for each lactation. The following indicators were studied: lifetime, duration of economic use, lifetime milk yield, lifetime milk fat yield, average lifetime fat content in milk, average milk yield per day, average milk yield for a day of economic use and the number of used lactations. On assessing lifetime, the best were daughters of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy sires with indicators 3589 and 3303 days. A reliable difference in their favor in comparison with the average for the herd was 1351 and 1065 days (P &lt; 0.001). Comparison of progeny of native sires and Holstein sires also showed significant predominance in lifetime of daughters in their favor, which ranged from 373 to 1841 days (P &lt; 0.001), and duration of productive use – from 438 to 1815 days (P &lt; 0.001). Variability in the number of used lactations varied widely from 1.7 to 6.1 units. In the ranking on the ground of number of used lactations the first and second were sires of domestic breeding – Fajans (6.1lact.) and Avans (5.2 lact.). Most daughters of Holstein sires were used less than the average for the herd. Highly reliable negative correlation between milk yield during the first lactation and the use duration indicators, the lack of correlation between the first lactation yield and lifetime yield obtained in our studies on experimental livestock of 784 head, gives grounds to assert that high milk yield during the first lactation leads to reduction in duration of use and does not always guarantee high figures of lifetime productivity. Milk yield for a day of economic use has a high positive correlation with yield in the first lactation (r = 0.438), lifetime milk yield (r = 0.325), lifetime milk fat yield (r = 0.283) and, especially, yield for a day of life (r = 0.701). With traits of lifetime, economic use duration and CEU, milk yield per day of life has slight negative correlation. Thus, according to figures of use duration and lifetime productivity for progeny of estimated sires of different origin, it is possible to make the generalization that improvement of Ukrainian dairy breeds should be based on the best genetic resources of sires of domestic breeding. When you use foreign breeding sires it is advisable to combine their breeding qualities with assessment of longevity. According to the research should make the following conclusions. The duration of use and lifetime productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows in the breeding herd are determined by of sires’ individual heredity. High level of milk yield during the first lactation in estimated sires’ progeny does not guarantee an increase in traits of economic use and lifetime productivity. Progeny of domestic breeding bulls was better by traits of productive longevity than purebred progeny of Holstein sires.

EFFICIENCY OF IMPORTED COWS LIFETIME USE

EFFICIENCY OF IMPORTED COWS LIFETIME USE

Study of variation of tocochromanol and phytosterol contents in black and yellow seeds of Brassica napus L. doubled haploid populations.

In the study, an analysis of tocopherols, plastochomanol-8 and phytosterols was conducted using DH lines obtained from F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses between yellow- and black-seeded lines. The biological material for the study consisted of two DH populations of winter oilseed rape obtained from F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses between two DH lines: yellow- and black-seeded. Seed color was determined using a ColorFlex spectrophotometer. Fat content was determined via pulsed NMR. The levels of tocopherols, and plastochromanol-8 are analyzed using HPLC. Phytosterol contents and composition were determined by the GC method. The fat content of the black-seeded parental line was 49% and this was higher than that of the yellow-seeded parental line (44%). The fat content of DH line populations ranged from 44 to 51%. Total tocopherol content ranged from 460 to 602 mg/kg and the α-T/γ-T ratio was from 0.66 to 1.09. In parental lines H2-26 and Z-114 the total tocopherol content was 534 and 525 mg/kg, but the α-T/γ-T ratios were 0.81 and 1.21, respectively. The yellow-seeded parental line (Z-114) was characterized by a higher PC-8 content (81 mg/kg) than the H2-26 black-seeded parental line (58 mg/kg). The largest part of the total phytosterol content in seeds of both populations was β-sitosterol from 976 to 2148 mg/kg, followed by campasterol, from 636 to 1364 mg/kg, and brassicasterol from 375 to 678 mg/kg. The total tocopherol content ranged from 462 to 595 mg/kg (population HxZ) and from 460 to 602 mg/kg (population ZxH). Significantly positive correlations were observed between the seed color with α-T (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), γ-T (r = -0,34, p < 0.01) and PC-8 content (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Correlations between the seed color with total tocopherol and total phytosterol content were not noted. Considering the range of genetic variation among doubled haploids of two populations, selected DH lines may be good parents for further breeding programs focused on increasing the amount and improving the quality of oilseed rapeseed oil. However, further studies will also be made to determine the influence of the environment on bioactive compounds in rapeseed oil. Cross direction of parental DH lines: yellow- and black-seeded has some influence, albeit not statistically significant, on the diversity of doubled haploid in their populations with regard to average fat, tocochromanol and phytosterol content.