Average Education Level Research Articles

The perioperative frailty index derived from the Chinese hospital information system: a validation study.

There are various frailty assessment tools in the world, and the application choice of frailty assessment tools for the elderly perioperative population varies. It remains unclear which frailty assessment tool is more suitable for the perioperative population in China. To validate the Perioperative Frailty Index (FI-32) derived from the Chinese Hospital Information System by investigating the impact of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes, and ascertain the diagnostic value of FI-32 for predicting postoperative complications through comparing with the FRAIL scale and the modified Frailty Index (mFI-11). A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Elderly patients who were 60 years or older and underwent selective operation were included. The FI-32, FRAIL scale, and mFI-11 were assessed. Demographic, surgical variables and outcome variables were extracted from medical records. The data of readmission and mortality within 30 days and 90 days of surgery were ascertained by Telephone follow-up by professionally trained researchers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between frailty and complications. Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to compare FI-32 with mFI-11 and FRAIL, to explore the predictive ability of frailty. 335 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, and among them, 201 (60.0%) were females, and the Median(P25, P75)age at surgery was 69 (65,74) years. The prevalence of frailty in the study population was 16.4% (assessed by FI-32). After adjusting for concomitant variables including demographic characteristics (such as gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, average monthly income and educational level) and surgical factors (such as surgical approach, surgical site, anesthesia method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and intraoperative fluid intake), there was a statistically significant association between frailty and the development of postoperative complication after surgery (OR = 3.051, 95% CI:1.460-6.378, P = 0.003). There were also significant differences in mortality within 30 days of surgery, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the hospitalization costs. FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 showed a moderate predictive ability for postoperative complications, the Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.582, 0.566 and 0.531, respectively. With adjusting concomitant variables associated with postoperative complications, the AUCs of FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 in the adjusted prediction models were 0.824, 0.827 and 0.820 respectively. The FI-32 has a predictive effect on postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly Chinese patients. Compared to FRAIL and mFI-11, the FI-32 had the same ability to predict postoperative complications, and FI-32 can be extracted directly from HIS, which greatly saves the time for clinical medical staff to evaluate perioperative frailty.

Whether Pension Program Stimulates the Consumption of Addictive Products: Evidence from China’s New Rural Pension Scheme

ABSTRACT Much attention has been paid to evaluating the policy effects of pension programs, but few studies have focused on possible inefficiencies stemming from their implementation. Drawing on a quasi-natural experiment associated with the adoption of China’s New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS), this study explores the impact of the NRPS on food consumption among rural residents. A difference-in-differences (DID) analysis is performed using panel data from the 2009 and 2013 National Rural Fixed Observation survey. Results show that participation in the NRPS improves residents’ dietary quality by increasing the consumption of recommended foods and decreasing the consumption of non-recommended foods. However, the results also show that the NRPS is associated with increased consumption of addictive and unhealthy products, especially in households with lower average levels of education, poorer self-reported health, and older adults over age 60. Findings suggest that when examining the possible health effects of new pension policies, it is essential to account for potential increases in the intake of unhealthy and addictive products, such as cigarettes and alcohol.

Forecasting Africa’s fertility decline by female education groups

While female education has long been recognized as a key driver of fertility decline during the process of demographic transition and most population projection models consider it implicitly or explicitly in their forecasts of overall fertility, there still is need for a method to forecast education-specific fertility trends directly. Here we propose a method for projecting education-specific fertility declines for cohorts of women in Sub-Saharan Africa based on all available demographic and health surveys data for African countries (including 1.03Mio cases). We study at different levels of aggregation (sample clusters, strata, and national) the associations between ideal family size and completed cohort fertility for education groups, on the one hand, and the average level of education in those units, on the other. The consistently very strong empirical associations suggest a plausible narrative by which a higher prevalence of educated women in a spatial unit influences the fertility levels of women in all specific education categories. Empirical associations between education-specific cohort fertility trends at the national level and newly available quality-adjusted human capital data for these cohorts are then operationalized to produce education-specific population projections as they are needed for-among other uses-the shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios that are widely used in the climate change research community. Sensitivity analyses including out-of-sample projections support the validity of the proposed method which is then applied to 37 African countries.

Bridging the gap: how education transforms health outcomes and influences health inequality in rural China.

This study focuses on the impact of education on health and health inequalities in rural areas of China. Education significantly enhances economic status and health, driving economic growth and improving public health standards. Integral to the "Healthy China Strategy," it provides essential guidance for public policy and underscores the need for strategic human capital investments to achieve these goals. The study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2010-2020 and employs the average educational level within counties as an instrumental variable. The causal impact of education on health and health inequalities is estimated using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between enhancing education levels and health improvements. Specifically, after controlling for endogeneity, the duration of individual education significantly improves both subjective and objective health outcomes. It reduces health inequalities, with these effects being more pronounced among women and low-income groups. Mechanistically, education positively impacts health primarily by altering health behaviors and social network levels and reducing health inequalities through socio-economic factors. This paper provides important implications for public policy, suggesting that enhancing educational investments can drive economic development and improve population health standards.

Assessment of illicit drug use in Seoul, the capital of South Korea for 21 days by wastewater-based epidemiology

22 illicit drugs were monitored in Seoul, the capital of South Korea for 21 days using wastewater-based epidemiology to assess the drug usage patterns for the first time by region and social status. Among the targeted compounds, 10 were detected, with consistent detection of methamphetamine in samples over the entire sampling period. In addition, ketamine had the highest estimated consumption rate at 47.5 mg/day/1000 people, followed by methamphetamine at 12.5 mg/day/1000 people. Methamphetamine and MDMA(3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) exhibited relatively stable daily patterns, with coefficients of variation of 7.03 %, and 13.4 % respectively. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed between weekends and weekdays for all compounds (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test, p > 0.05). Statistically significant regional differences in drug consumption were observed for methamphetamine, MDMA, and ketamine (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test, p < 0.05). These differences were found to be related to average annual income and educational levels.

Using Deep Learning Techniques as an Attempt to Create the Most Cost-Effective Screening Tool for Cognitive Decline.

This study aimed to use deep learning (DL) to develop a cost-effective and accessible screening tool to improve the detection of cognitive decline, a precursor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study integrating a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests adjusted for individual demographic variables such as age, sex, and education level. A total of 2,863 subjects with subjective cognitive complaints who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment were included. A random forest classifier was used to discern the most predictive test combinations to distinguish between dementia and nondementia cases. The model was trained and validated on this dataset, focusing on feature importance to determine the cognitive tests that were most indicative of decline. Subjects had a mean age of 72.68 years and an average education level of 7.62 years. The DL model achieved an accuracy of 82.42% and an area under the curve of 0.816, effectively classifying dementia. Feature importance analysis identified significant tests across cognitive domains: attention was gauged by the Trail Making Test Part B, language by the Boston Naming Test, memory by the Rey Complex Figure Test delayed recall, visuospatial skills by the Rey Complex Figure Test copy score, and frontal function by the Stroop Test Word reading time. This study showed the potential of DL to improve AD diagnostics, suggesting that a wide range of cognitive assessments could yield a more accurate diagnosis than traditional methods. This research establishes a foundation for future broader studies, which could substantiate the approach and further refine the screening tool.

Gender based disparities in Medicare physician reimbursement persist across years and specialty.

The gender pay gap is wide in medicine but the extent of this disparity across specialties and over time have not been elucidated. Here we evaluate differences in Medicare reimbursement between men and women physicians over time and by specialty, controlling for physician and practice characteristics. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Payment Data was used to determine total reimbursements and number of services submitted by physicians practicing in the US between 2013 and 2019. Data from the American Community Survey (ACS) were used to determine average income, unemployment rates, poverty rates, income, and educational attainment levels by zip code for each physician's practice location. Among the 3,831,504 physicians included in this analysis from 2013-2019, 2,712,545 (70.8%) were men and 1,118,859 (29.2%) were women. Overall, men received more in Medicare reimbursements ($58,815 ± $104,772 vs. $32,205 ± $60,556, p<0.001) and billed more services (864 ± 1,780 vs. 505 ± 1,007, p<0.001) compared to women. The median Medicare reimbursement for men decreased from 2013 to 2019 from $59,710 to $57,874, while the median Medicare reimbursement for women increased from $30,575 to $33,456. Men were reimbursed more than women across all specialties with the greatest disparity in procedure-heavy specialties. The specialties with the highest difference in median Medicare reimbursement between men and women were ophthalmology ($99,452), dermatology ($84,844), cardiology ($64,112), nephrology ($62,352), and pulmonary medicine ($47,399). In linear regression models controlling for calendar year, years of experience, total number of services, and ACS zip-code-level variables, men received a higher amount of Medicare reimbursement in all specialties, as compared to women (p<0.01 for all). The percentage of top earning men (range: 65.0%-99.5%) surpassed the proportion of men in each specialty (range: 46.1%-94.6%), except public health and preventive medicine. Women physicians continue to receive lower total Medicare reimbursements than men physicians, particularly in procedure-heavy specialties. Lower clinical volume and fewer procedural services among women physicians partially contribute to the disparities in reimbursement.

For Whom Does Education Convey Health Benefits? A Two-Generation and Life Course Approach.

Scholars of social determinants of health have long been interested in how parent's and own education influence health. However, the differing effects of parent's and own education on health-that is, for what socioeconomic group education conveys health benefits-are relatively less studied. Using multilevel marginal structural models, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of parent's and own education over the life course on two health measures. Our analysis considers both parent's and respondent's pre-education covariates, such as childhood health and socioeconomic conditions. We find that the protective effects of college completion against negative health outcomes are remarkably similar regardless of parent's (measured by father's or mother's) education. Meanwhile, parent's education has a larger effect when the average educational level is low in the population. Our results also reveal distinct life course patterns between health measures. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for understanding the education-health relationship.

Unveiling the patterns: exploring social and clinical characteristics of frequent mental health visits to the emergency department-a comprehensive systematic review.

Frequent presenters (FPs) are a group of individuals who visit the hospital emergency department (ED) frequently for urgent care. Many among the group present with the main diagnosis of mental health conditions. This group of individual tend to use ED resources disproportionally and significantly affects overall healthcare outcomes. No previous reviews have examined the profiles of FPs with mental health conditions. This study aims to identify the key socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who frequently present to ED with a mental health primary diagnosis by performing a comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature. PRISMA guideline was used. PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) were searched in May 2023. A manual search on the reference list of included articles was conducted at the same time. Covidence was used to perform extraction and screening, which were completed independently by two authors. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The abstracts of 3341 non-duplicate articles were screened, with 40 full texts assessed for eligibility. 20 studies were included from 2004 to 2022 conducted in 6 countries with a total patient number of 25,688 (52% male, 48% female, mean age 40.7years old). 27% were unemployed, 20% married, 41% homeless, and 17% had tertiary or above education. 44% had a history of substance abuse or alcohol dependence. The top 3 diagnoses are found to be anxiety disorders (44%), depressive disorders (39%) schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (33%). On average, FPs are middle-aged and equally prevalent in both genders. Current data lacks representation for gender-diverse groups. They are significantly associated with high rates of unemployment, homelessness, lower than average education level, and being single. Anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders are the most common clinical diagnoses associated with the group.

Effects of the interaction between cold spells and fine particulate matter on mortality risk in Xining: a case-crossover study at high altitude.

With global climate change, the health impacts of cold spells and air pollution caused by PM2.5 are increasingly aggravated, especially in high-altitude areas, which are particularly sensitive. Exploring their interactions is crucial for public health. We collected time-series data on meteorology, air pollution, and various causes of death in Xining. This study employed a time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models to explore the association between cold spells, PM2.5 exposure, and various causes of death, and to assess their interaction. We quantitatively analyzed the interaction using the relative excess odds due to interaction (REOI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Moreover, we conducted stratified analyses by average altitude, sex, age, and educational level to identify potential vulnerable groups. We found significant associations between cold spells, PM2.5, and various causes of death, with noticeable effects on respiratory disease mortality and COPD mortality. We identified significant synergistic effects (REOI>0, AP > 0, S > 1) between cold spells and PM2.5 on various causes of death, which generally weakened with a stricter definition of cold spells and longer duration. It was estimated that up to 9.56% of non-accidental deaths could be attributed to concurrent exposure to cold spells and high-level PM2.5. High-altitude areas, males, the older adults, and individuals with lower educational levels were more sensitive. The interaction mainly varied among age groups, indicating significant impacts and a synergistic action that increased mortality risk. Our study found that in high-altitude areas, exposure to cold spells and PM2.5 significantly increased the mortality risk from specific diseases among the older adults, males, and those with lower educational levels, and there was an interaction between cold spells and PM2.5. The results underscore the importance of reducing these exposures to protect public health.

Assessing earnings inequalities by gender and race in the cultural sector in Brazil

This study aimed to investigate gender and racial disparities in earnings in Brazil’s cultural sector. Using microdata from 2019 and 2020, earnings equations were estimated, and the Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux decomposition method was applied by quantile, considering two definitions of the cultural sector: broad and narrow, the latter excluding manufacturing and commercial activities. The findings highlight the presence of gender and racial inequalities, with racial disparities being more significant. In the broad cultural sector, both white and black women have higher average education levels than men but tend to work in lower-paying occupations. The explained effect, largely driven by the lower education levels of black workers, plays a crucial role in determining the earnings gap from a racial perspective. When focusing on culture-related activities, women possess more favourable characteristics for higher pay compared to men, except for the unexplained effect. Without this effect, women would earn more than men across all quantiles. White women in the narrower cultural sector appear to have broken the glass ceiling, but a sticky floor effect is observed for them. However, black women have yet to overcome the glass ceiling barriers in the cultural sector.

Quality of life in people with epilepsy: Associations with resilience, internalized stigma, and clinical factors in a low-income population

IntroductionEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with comorbidities and a reduced quality of life (QoL). Internalized stigma is negatively correlatedwiththe QoL, whereas high levels of resilience are associated with increased QoL. Although the stigma towards people with epilepsy (PWE) is expected to be higher in low-income settings than in high-income settings, further research is needed. This study aimed to examine the extent to which resilience and internalized stigma correlatewith the QoL in PWE from a low-income population. Material and MethodsA cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted on 60 PWE who visited the Neurology Department of the Hospital de Clinicas (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between May and September 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Participants completed the Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF), the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS), and the Resilience Scale (RS). Variables that showed a significant association with the QoL in the univariate analysis were included in a multiple regression model. ResultsParticipants had a low overall QoL score, with a median of 59 (95 %CI: 57.2–61.8). They had an average level of education and a high rate of unemployment. Perceived stigma was higher in the workplace than in the medical or family settings. Univariate analysis revealed that the QoL was associated with internalized stigma score, resilience score, seizure frequency, seizure etiology, work status, and educational level. The multiple regressionrevealed a significant decrease in the QoL when perceived stigma increased (p = 0.0016) or when the cause of epilepsy was structural (p = 0,006) and a significant increase in the QoL when the resilience score was higher (p = 0.0004). ConclusionThe QoL of PWE in a low-income context is strongly associated with their levels of resilience and internalized stigma. When addressing the social burden of epilepsy, resilience support should be increased in the care of PWE to reduce internalized stigma and improve the QoL.

Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the relative importance of the set of socioeconomic characteristics of population on collective decision on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We apply cross-section OLS methods to the municipal-level non-survey data for 145 municipalities in Serbia, on the COVID-19 vaccination rate and socioeconomic characteristics of the population, to evaluate the determinants of cross-municipal variation in vaccine uptake decision. Using the estimated coefficients from the OLS regressions, we apply the standardized beta method to evaluate the relative importance of each factor. Vaccine acceptance in municipalities rises with the average level of education (especially in the female population), age and employment, while being negatively linked to religiosity of people and the proportion of rural population. We also find some evidence on the positive impact of the overall trust in government. Education level has the single largest impact, shaping around 37% of (explained) variation in the vaccination rate across municipalities, a rise in the proportion of people with higher degree by 1% being associated with increase in vaccination rate by 0.36%. Age of population explains 21%, urban-rural structure 13% and religiosity 11% of variation in vaccine acceptance, while employment status and trust in government each explain around 9% of variation in vaccine uptake across municipalities. Effective vaccination promotion strategy should be focused on younger, less-educated, unemployed cohorts, as well as on rural areas and should involve representatives of mainstream religions. Fostering education and strengthening trust in government are some of the key structural factors that may promote efficient collective behaviour in this respect.

Evaluating Turkish Readability and Quality of Strabismus-Related Websites.

Background This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the readability of strabismus-related websites and the quality of their content. Methodology This cross-sectional study evaluated the websites on strabismus disease using Ateşman and Bezirci-Yilmaz's readability formulas, which have been scientifically verified to be effective for Turkish people. The study picked texts from the first 50 websites that appeared on the screen after typing "strabismus treatment" into the Google search engine based on their Turkish reading level and information reliability. In this study, 41 of the first 50 websites were reviewed. Furthermore, two separate senior ophthalmologists evaluated the JAMA and DISCERN indexes, as well as the credibility of the content on these sites. Results The Bezirci-Yilmaz readability index indicated that the websites were readable for individuals with an average education level of 10.5 ± 2.3 years. The websites scored an average of 55.2 ± 7.9 on the Ateşman readability formula, indicating that they were readable for students in the 11-12th grade. The websites had an average JAMA score of 0.8 ± 0.7 points and a DISCERN score of 34.2 ± 8.6 points, indicating low-quality content. Conclusions The readability of websites providing information regarding strabismus was significantly higher than Turkey's average educational level. Websites should not only be designed to be easy to read so that strabismus patients may learn about their condition but should also provide higher-quality strabismus content.

Effectiveness of Agricultural Technologies and Constraints of Cassava Farming on the Production in Ido local Government of Oyo state, Ibadan, Nigeria

The study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural technologies and constraint on cassava farming in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and forty-eight well-structured questionnaires were used for this study to obtain data for this study from five selected villages. Data obtained were analyzed using percentage and Chi-Square to compare the significance among the variables in this study. The results showed that Cassava production was dominated by males (51.4%) as against females (48.6%), an active age group of 41-50 years (56.7%), more of married people (88.5%) to unmarried (2.7%). The study area was characterized with an average level of secondary education (54.7%). There was no significant relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and agricultural technologies used. This research hereby recommended that the government should make available agricultural technologies to the farmers and they should be aware of the technologies through the extension agent.

Analysis of the Readability of Package Inserts for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications Used in Turkey

Abstract: A written text's readability level has a direct bearing on how well it is understood. There are precise formulas that may be used to test readability objectively. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the readability of the ADHD medication package inserts that are presently in use in Turkey. 23 medication package inserts for ADHD in total were categorized based on their types. The Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (https://www.titck.gov.tr/kubkt) provided the most updated package leaflets for the medications in these categories. The Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz readability formulae, which are relevant to Turkish texts, were used to assess package inserts. The Ateşman reading score was calculated to be 72.2 (7-8th grade) on average. The Bezirci-Yılmaz formula has a reading level equivalent to grades 7-8, which corresponds to the primary school level. Based on the 2022 TUIK data in Turkey, it was found that the reading level was suitable for the average education level, except for the SNRI group (high school level). Given the aforementioned information, we maintain the viewpoint that pharmaceutical package inserts for psychiatric medications ought to ideally contain content written at the level of a primary school (7-8th grade).

ANALISIS PERILAKU KEUANGAN PADA PELAKU USAHA KECIL SALON KECANTIKAN DI KOTA ENDE

Beauty salon service business management is influenced by financial behavior,including financial knowladge, financial experience, and educational level. Problems faced managing finances include : do not yet have reguler financial records, there is no seperation of company and personal finance, have not planed savings, investments, the average level of formal education is high school, and has not taken business financial management training.This research aims to determine and analyze the partial influence of financial knowledge,financial experience and education level on the financial behavior of beauty salon service business actors in the city of Ende. This type of research is quantitative research with a population of 30 people. Date collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews.The date analysis tecnique uses multiple linier regression analysis. The research show that there is a positive and significant influence of financial knowledge on the financial behavior of beauty salon service business in Ende City, there is a positive and significant influence of financial experienceon on the financial behavior of beauty salon service business in Ende City, there is a positive and significant influence of the level of education on the financial behavior of beauty salon service business in Ende City.

Population aging, artificial intelligence and mismatch of labor resources: evidence from China

ABSTRACT In the future, population ageing will represent the basic national condition of China in the long term. Therefore, it is essential to explore the changes in the supply of the working population and its impact influence on the effective allocation of labour resources in the context of population ageing, while evaluating the governance efficacy of AI. The study findings indicate that population ageing significantly exacerbates the mismatch of labour resources, whereas the application of AI mitigates the adverse impacts of population ageing on labour resource allocation. Additionally, the distortionary effects of population ageing on the allocation of labour resources are greater in regions with high average education levels and regions with more extensively segmented markets, while the moderating effects of AI are reported to be more effective. Thus, the proposed findings extend a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of labour resource allocation from the perspective of population ageing.

Analisis Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kampili Kabupaten Gowa

Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the socio-economic welfare values of society, and has a huge influence on the quality of human resources. The high incidence of anemia in pregnant women is very worrying because it can have a negative impact on mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The factors that influence the incidence of anemia are lack of nutrients, apart from that, education and maternal parity are closely related to the incidence of anemia. The aim of this study was to obtain information about anemia in pregnant women focusing on education, parity, maternal age and gestational age. This type of research is descriptive, namely to find out the general picture of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, where the information is obtained from the results of medical records at the Kampili Community Health Center. Overall the population was 1090 and a sample of 375 pregnant women who experienced anemia were obtained. The results of the study concluded that the average education level of mothers who experienced anemia was mothers with a low education parity of more than 4, the mother's age was under 20 years and the gestational age was in the second trimester.

P717 Evaluating the performance of Large Language Models in responding to patients' health queries: A comparative analysis with medical experts

Abstract Background Patients with chronic diseases exhibit a heightened interest in seeking health information, and access to high-quality information can positively impact clinical outcomes. While previous research on static internet text/video information has highlighted concerns about low-barrier creation leading to low-quality content, it remains uncertain whether similar issues persist in responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Assessing the ability of LLMs in responding to medical queries provides valuable insights for their application in healthcare settings. Methods In alignment with open science principles, we utilized real patient queries from the China Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (CCCF) series "Questions and Answers on Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease." The dataset comprised questions posed by patients and corresponding answers from medical professionals, collected from outpatient visits and online social media. In September 2023, 263 patient questions were sequentially input into ChatGPT-3.5 (August 3, 2023 version), and the resulting responses were compiled alongside the original medical professional responses, forming 263 modules. Three Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) specialist physicians and three IBD patients were invited to assess each module. Evaluators were instructed to: 1) choose their preferred response version, and 2) provide a multidimensional Likert 5-point subjective assessment using a crowdsourcing strategy. Additionally, the CRIE 3.0 team conducted an automated objective analysis of Simplified Chinese readability. Results Mann-Whitney U tests on text readability levels (median: 7th grade for both medical professionals and ChatGPT responses; Q1: 6th grade; Q3: 8th grade) revealed no significant difference (p=0.87), suggesting ChatGPT's performance align well with recommended literacy levels for popular science publications and is comparable to the average education level in China. Conclusion Cautiously interpreting our findings, ChatGPT's preliminary performance appears comparable to specialized IBD physicians, indicating its potential utility in patient community Q&amp;A. Integrating ChatGPT or similar LLMs into the drafting or refinement stages of health texts is feasible. However, due to the presence of AI hallucinations and the consensus in most experimental conclusions, direct use of large language models for patient Q&amp;A services is not recommended. Recognizing the variability in health information understanding between medical professionals and patients can enhance patient education efforts.