Average Capture Rate Research Articles

The Effect of Marine Fish Waste Attractant Variations on the Number of Flies Trapped in a Flytrap

This research, undertaken at the Bauntung Batuah traditional market in Martapura, Indonesia, sought to evaluate the effectiveness of different marine fish waste as fly attractants and determine the most efficacious type for fly capture, thereby addressing the significant public health issue of fly control in regions with insufficient sanitation. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using a post-test only control group to assess three varieties of marine fish waste attractants (mackerel, milkfish, and tuna) against a control, with six replications for each treatment. The data collection employed observational methods to document the quantity of captured flies, types of attractants, and ambient variables. The results indicated that all fish waste attractants were substantially more efficient than the control in catching flies (p < 0.05), with milkfish waste exhibiting the greatest average capture rate (6.83 flies), followed by tuna (5.66 flies) and mackerel (5.00 flies). Nonetheless, the variations among fish species were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The research indicated species-specific attractions, with milkfish and tuna waste predominantly attracting green bottle flies, but mackerel waste exhibited a marginal preference for house flies. This study confirms the efficacy of accessible fish waste as an effective and eco-friendly technique for fly control in commercial environments, providing significant insights for the formulation of sustainable pest management methods.

Carbon management technology pathways for reaching a U.S. Economy-Wide net-Zero emissions goal

The Carbon Management Study Group of the 37th Energy Modeling Forum (EMF 37) designed seven scenarios to explore the role of three potentially key technology suites – point source carbon dioxide capture and storage (PSCCS), direct air capture of carbon dioxide (DACCS), and hydrogen systems (H2) – in shaping the broader technology pathways to reaching net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in United States by 2050. Each scenario was run by up to 13 models participating in the EMF 37 study. Results show that carbon dioxide removal technologies were consistently a major part of successful pathways to net-zero U.S. CO2 emissions in 2050. Achieving this net-zero CO2 goal without any form of carbon dioxide capture and storage was found to be impossible for most models; some models also found it impossible to reach net-zero without DACCS. The marginal cost of achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in 2050 was between two and 10 times higher without PSCCS and/or DACCS available. The carbon price at which DACCS was deployed as a backstop technology depended upon the assumed cost at which DACCS was available at scale. Carbon prices were between $250 and $500 per ton CO2 when DACCS deployed as a backstop. The average CO2 capture rate across all models in 2050 in the central net-zero scenario was 1.3 GtCO2/year, which implies a substantial upscaling of capacity to move and store CO2. Hydrogen sensitivity scenarios showed that H2 typically constituted a relatively small share of the overall U.S. energy system; however, H2 deployed in applications that are considered hard to decarbonize, facilitating transition towards net-zero emissions.

Rodent Ecology and Etiological Investigation in China: Results from Vector Biology Surveillance - Shandong Province, China, 2012-2022.

Rodents are hosts of a wide range of zoonotic disease pathogens which threaten human health. However, comprehensive investigations of rodent ecology and etiology in Shandong are lacking. Thus, we aimed to analyze rodent ecology and infection with relevant pathogens in Shandong Province, China. Rodent survey data collected from 2012 to 2022 in Shandong Province were used in this study. Rodents captured from 2020 to 2022 were identified to species and tested for pathogens. From 2012 to 2022, 4,145 rodents were captured, with an average capture rate of 0.70%. High capture rates were observed in rural residential areas and other habitats, such as farmland and forestland. Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus) was the dominant species, followed by Mus musculus (M. musculus). The regions with the highest capture rates of R. norvegicus were Dongying (0.82%) and Heze (0.63%), while M. musculus was more prevalent in Dongying (0.81%) and Weihai (0.56%). Rodent capture rates were highest between March and September. The positive detection rates of Hantavirus (HV), Leptospira interrogans (L. interrogans), Rickettsia typhi (R. typhi), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), and Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) in rodents were 2.58%, 1.10%, 0.94%, 0.16%, and 0.19%, respectively. The rodent capture rate in human habitation environments has trended downward in Shandong Province, with R. norvegicus and M. musculus being the dominant species. Rodent infection risk from HV, L. interrogans, and R. typhi showed seasonal variation. Strengthening rodent surveillance and maintaining a low capture rate of host animals could be pivotal for preventing and controlling relevant rodent-borne diseases in high-risk areas.

Analysis of suitable regions for microalgae cultivation and harvesting potential for carbon capture: A global feasibility study

Microalgae, have the ability to capture CO2 and the potential for biofuel production. However, scaling up capturing carbon by microalgae is not feasible worldwide because of difference in weather conditions. Hence, identifying favorable regions for capturing carbon by microalgae is the initial step in commercializing this industry. In this research, a global feasibility study has been conducted to analyse the potential of microalgae cultivation and harvesting to capture CO2, based on carbon emissions, weather conditions, and the boundary of countries. A total of 454 cities were selected for this research, and the amount of microalgae productivity and carbon capture rate in each area was calculated according to the optimal environmental conditions for microalgae growth. Methodology and results have been illustrated using Geographical Information System (ArcGIS 10.8) to provide better visual insight for researchers. The results showed that the average microalgae productivity in Open Ponds (OP) and Tubular Photobioreactors (TPBR) is 132.63 T/ha/y and 78.26 kg/m3/y, respectively. Additionally, the average carbon capture rate by microalgae in OP and TPBR is 37.60 T/ha/y and 40.83 kg/m3/y, respectively. The study also revealed that microalgae will have a higher productivity in OP than in TPBR for 158 regions according to the first scenario, while the number of these areas will decrease to 58 and 29 under the second and third scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the global average potential energy content resulting from microalgae cultivation in OP is 4.854*106 MJ/ha/y. Therefore, selecting suitable regions regarding weather condition and type of cultivation system, is the most significant factors in outdoor commercial scaling up of carbon capture by microalgae.

Re-analysis of temperature dependent neutron capture rates and stellar β-decay rates of 95-98Mo

The neutron capture rates and temperature dependent stellar beta decay rates of Mo isotopes are investigated within the framework of the statistical code TALYS v1.96 and the proton neutron quasi particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model. The Maxwellian average cross-section (MACS) and neutron capture rates for the Mo(n,γ) Mo radiative capture process are analyzed within the framework of the statistical code TALYS v1.96 based on the phenomenological nuclear level density model and gamma strength functions. The present model-based computations for the MACS are comparable to the existing measured data. The sensitivity of stellar weak interaction rates to various densities and temperatures is investigated within the framework of the pn-QRPA model. Particular attention is paid to the impact of thermally filled excited states in the decaying nuclei ( Mo) on electron emission and positron capture rates. Furthermore, we compare the neutron capture rates and stellar beta decay rates. It is found that neutron capture rates are higher than stellar beta decay rates at both lower and higher temperatures.

NGS panels' capture of biomarkers associated with targeted therapies in clinical trials.

e13508 Background: ASCO and NCCN guidelines strongly encourage participation in clinical trials though participation rates remain low. Although up to 60% of trials require biomarker information as a prerequisite to participation, guidelines are silent on biomarker testing to assess eligibility. To help inform policy development, we analyzed commercially available NGS panels to assess the capture rate of the specific gene variants required for targeted therapies in clinical trials. Methods: Publicly available gene variant information on 12 high volume NGS tissue and plasma commercial assays representative of panel size was accessed. The JAX-CKB database was queried to identify genomic prerequisites in active phase I-III clinical trials; mRNA and protein expression biomarkers were excluded. We used unpaired t-testing to compare the ability of large versus small panels to detect variants required for targeted treatments. (Somatic gene variant annotations and related content have been powered by The Jackson Laboratory Clinical Knowledgebase (JAX-CKBTM)). Results: Overall, 185 genes were linked to eligibility for targeted therapies in clinical trials (Table). Large panel assays (>80 genes) had a higher average capture rate compared to smaller panels, (84% vs. 46%, p value < 0.000002). Similarly, capture rates in select cancers were higher in larger panels: lung (85% vs 59%), breast (92% vs 54%), prostate (86% vs 34%), pancreatic (84% vs 54%), colorectal (88% vs 52%). All results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Smaller panels were more likely to exclude large genes (e.g. BRCA), genome-wide signatures (e.g. TMB), fusions, and copy number variants. Conclusions: NGS-based panels with more than 80 genes had higher capture rates for biomarkers required for clinical trials of targeted therapies. Clinicians searching for all relevant treatment options for patients should include large genomic sequencing panels to maximize identification of potential clinical trial eligibility. Professional societies and policy makers interested in enhancing clinical trial enrollment rates should consider the panel size-related variability in capture rates of genetic variants when developing recommendations. [Table: see text]

Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) predation on passerine birds in Namibia

Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are known for their flexible foraging behavior and trophic interactions with diverse prey species. However, most studies describing their hunting behavior are focused on predation of large prey. Here we describe the capture rates and behavior of adult and subadult spotted hyenas hunting passerine birds. Hyenas were actively chasing, catching and feeding on red-billed queleas (Quelea quelea), a passerine bird gathering in large flocks at a waterhole in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. In total, we observed 38 successful captures with the average individual capture rate of 21 birds caught per hour. It remains unclear if this is a learned behavior of a single hyena clan or if it could be a widespread interaction across Africa, where the two species co-occur. Although it is unlikely that passerines could make up a substantial part of a spotted hyenas diet regardless of the location, our observations provide a rare documented example of trophic interactions between a large carnivore and small birds. It also represents an addition to a diverse repertoire of hyena foraging behaviors, which confirms their adaptability in obtaining food from non-typical sources.

Smart Dairy Farming-The Potential of the Automatic Monitoring of Dairy Cows' Behaviour Using a 360-Degree Camera.

The aim of this study is to show the potential of a vision-based system using a single 360° camera to describe the dairy cows' behaviour in a free-stall barn with an automatic milking system. A total of 2299 snapshots were manually evaluated, counting the number of animals that were lying, standing and eating. The average capture rate of animals in the picture is 93.1% (counted animals/actual numbers of animals). In addition to determining the daily lying, standing and eating times, it is also possible to allocate animals to the individual functional areas so that anomalies such as prolonged standing in the cubicle or lying in the walkway can be detected at an early stage. When establishing a camera monitoring system in the future, attention should be paid to sufficient resolution of the camera during the night as well as the reduction of the concealment problem by animals and barn equipment. The automatic monitoring of animal behaviour with the help of 360° cameras can be a promising innovation in the dairy barn.

Taxonomic and functional structure of understorey bird assemblages on Amazonian seasonally flooded river islands

Abstract The seasonal inundation of the floodplains of the Amazonian rivers is a natural and strong environmental filter for biota. Its effects on the taxonomic and functional attributes of assemblages, however, remain poorly understood. We investigated the taxonomic and trait diversity of understorey bird assemblages on fluvial islands subject to dramatic seasonal flooding in the Amazon. Birds were captured using mist-nets on ten fluvial islands and at 17 sites in unflooded terra firme forests. We captured 1552 individuals of 116 bird species in 4144 net-hours. Average capture rates were similar between the forest types, but species diversity was higher in terra firme forests. The bird assemblages of the islands showed higher species dominance, with only three species accounting for 47% of the individuals captured. Functional space was occupied similarly in both bird assemblages, as indicated by functional dispersion indices (Fdis). In contrast, functional evenness (Feve) was lower in the river island assemblages indicating that the dominant species share similar traits. Functional divergence indices (Fdiv) showed substantial niche differentiation between the bird assemblages of the two forest types. Low inter-annual variability in avian taxonomic and trait diversity was observed in river islands, probably associated with the predictability of the flooding regime.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Qista Baited Traps in Capturing Mosquito Vectors of Diseases in the Camargue Region (France) and Investigating Their Diversity.

Nuisance, allergy, and vector role: mosquitoes are responsible for numerous inconveniences. Several strategies have been employed to fight against this confirmed vector. To record the diversity of mosquito vectors in Camargue (France) and assess the effectiveness of the Qista trap, six BAMs were deployed as a belt barrier to protect the Espeyran Castle (Saint-Gilles, Camargue). Prior to evaluating the reduction in the nuisance rate, recovery nets from the traps and human landing catches (HLC) were utilized twice a week in the treated and control areas. Overall, 85,600 mosquitoes were captured, belonging to eleven species, namely Aedes albopictus, Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, Aedes dorsalis, Aedes rossicus, Aedes vexans, Anopheles maculipennis, Culex pipiens, Culex modestus, Culiseta annulata and Culiseta longiareolata. The six BAM devices trapped 84,461 mosquitoes. The average capture rate per BAM is 76.92 mosquitoes per day. The rate of nuisance has decreased from 4.33 ± 2.88 before the deployment to 1.59 ± 2.77 after BAM implantation. The Qista BAM trap seems to be an excellent tool for reducing the nuisance rate and may help researchers to optimize trapping methods by obtaining more significant sample sizes. It may also allow the updating of the host-seeking mosquito species' reported biodiversity in the south of France.

CO2 capture and lipid production performance of microalgae in the S-shaped photobioreactor under different culture modes

An S-shaped photobioreactor was designed by adding grooves and baffles in the traditional photobioreactor to improve the culture efficiency of microalgae. After that, the parameters of the characterization of the S-shaped photobioreactor, such as the mixing time, gas holdup, and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, were determined. The biomass, lipid production rate, and average CO2 capture rate of microalgae were then analyzed under different culture modes. Finally, the feasibility of using digested piggery wastewater combined with simulated flue gas was explored as a culture mode for the microalgae and the lipid properties of the microalgae were analyzed. The results revealed that, at a flow rate of 0.08 vvm, the mixing time was reduced by 8.5 s, the gas hold-up increased by 44.6% and the gas–liquid mass transfer ability was also improved. Improvements were also observed in the biomass values, lipid production rate, and average CO2 capture rate of the microalgae under different culture conditions, with respective values reaching 0.23 g·(L·d)–1, 70.28 mg·(L·d)–1, and 0.43 g·(L·d)–1 under the mixotrophic mode. Additionally, digested piggery wastewater combined with the simulated microalgae flue gas culture was determined to be feasible. The biomass, lipid production rate, and the average CO2 capture rate of microalgae, the values of which were 0.22 g·(L·d)–1, 52.55 mg·(L·d)–1, and 0.41 g·(L·d)–1, respectively. Lipid was observed to have the potential to produce high-quality biofuel.

Performance and purification mechanism of the mullite/SiC composite filter tube membrane

Asymmetric composite tubular membranes were prepared with SiC as the support body and mullite as the membrane layer. The asymmetric mullite/SiC composite filter tube membranes were characterized by different analytic techniques. The mullite membrane was prepared as a layer on the SiC support with a thickness of about 175 ?m, pore size of about 1-10 ?m and porosity of 9.9%. The SiC support tube had a pore size of about 20-150 ?m and porosity of 19.0%. After 360 days of high-temperature flue gas filtration, the most available pore size of the mullite/SiC composite filter tube membrane reduces from 45.2 to 36.4 ?m (the reduction rate of about 19.4%). Analysis of the dust collected by back-blowing revealed that the dust particle size range was between 0.1-100 ?m and about 50%of the dust particles were below 2.5 ?m in size. The average capture rate of dust can reach 98.4%, indicating that the asymmetric mullite/SiC composite filter tube membrane has excellent filtration performance for the dust below PM2.5 in the high-temperature complex flue gas.

Microalgal treatment of high-nutrient wastewater using twin layer cultivation system

High-nutrient wastewater such as solid waste leachate, anaerobic digestate, and poultry wastewater has high turbidity, dark color, and high concentration of nutrients. Therefore, it cannot be treated using microalgae directly and needs to be diluted prior to treatment. This study assessed the potential of Tetradesmus obliquus for the treatment of high-nutrient wastewater using a twin-layer cultivation system. Prior to microalgal treatment of high-nutrient wastewater, it was diluted by wetland treated municipal wastewater. Results showed Tetradesmus obliquus can efficiently treat and grow in all types of diluted high-nutrient wastewater using a twin-layer cultivation system. However, microalgae cultivated in poultry wastewater gave the highest average biomass productivity and carbon capture rate of 5.13 and 2.51 g m−2 d−1 respectively. Maximum nutrient removal rate of 6.15, 7.64, and 0.69 mg L−1 d−1 for NH4+-N, TKN, and PO4−3-P were achieved from poultry wastewater. In contrast, the highest lipid content of 30.3% was observed in microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater due to its low nitrogen content. Thus, successful microalgal treatment of different high-nutrient wastewater can be performed through its prior dilution.

Development of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument: Measuring a Broad Spectrum

The current signal capture algorithm uses the correlation function of the signal to achieve capture, which not only has high processing complexity, but also leads to low synchronous capture accuracy. In order to improve the adaptability of the binary offset carrier signal capture algorithm and to improve the defects of the traditional capture algorithm, the spectrum correction-based binary offset carrier signal capture algorithm will be studied. Based on the established binary offset carrier signal model, the signal tracking capture loop is designed. After the spectral correction processing of the signal, the judgment loop is designed based on the bandwidth folding principle to realize the signal capture. The simulation experiments show that the average capture rate of the studied signal capture algorithm is 95.63%, and the main peak amplitude of the captured signal is higher and the capture effect is better.

Incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province, 2015-2020

Objective: To analyze the incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province from 2015 to 2020 and provide the scientific evidences for the risk assessment, prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods: The incidence data of leptospirosis in Fujian during 2015-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a descriptive analysis, and software ArcGIS 10.3.1 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and rats were captured in 17 surveillance areas during the same period, and the rat organs were collected for pathogen culture, the level of Leptospira antibody was detected in serum samples of rats, healthy population and the serum samples of patients sent by the hospitals. The infection status of Leptospira in human and rats were analyzed. Results: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020. A total of 176 cases of leptospirosis were reported. There were obvious seasonality and bimodal distribution. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 49.43% (87/176). Most cases were aged 30-69 years (85.80%, 151/176). The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.51∶1 (137∶39). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that leptospirosis had high or low clustering areas. From 2015 to 2020, the average capture rate of rats in 17 surveillance areas was 6.96% (1 519/21 838), Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer fulvescens were the main species. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in rats was 28.64% (252/880). Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 56.75% (143/252) and 17.46% (44/252), respectively. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in healthy population was 16.13% (254/1 575), and Autumnalis and Australis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 71.65% (182/254). The confirmation rate of leptospirosis in patient serum samples sent by the hospitals was 2.23% (188/8 431), Autumnalis (56.38%, 106/188) and Hebdomadis (19.68%, 37/188) were the major serogroups. Conclusions: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, there were obvious area clustering and seasonality. The high clustering areas were mainly distributed in northern, western and central Fujian. Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups in rats. The infection rate in healthy population decreased year by year. Autumnalis and Hebdomadis were the main serogroups in population in Fujian.

Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae coupled with anaerobic hydrolysis for sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater in a hybrid system of anaerobic membrane bioreactor and membrane photobioreactor

This study investigated the possibility of coupling anaerobic hydrolysis in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) with mixotrophic microalgae cultivation in a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) for the sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater. Using the hydrolyzed wastewater discharged from AnMBR, Chlorella pyrenoidosa in MPBR grew in a mixotrophic mode and realized rapid growth. During the stable operation, MPBR achieved average carbon capture rate of 42.82 mg L−1 d−1 and algal lipid production rate of 19.66 mg L−1 d−1. The average reduction in TN, TP, and TOC during stable operation was 96.7%, 98.0%, and 95.9%, respectively. Mass balance analysis showed that the overall system captured 14.76 mg of carbon from the atmosphere per liter of wastewater treated. Therefore, this AnMBR-MPBR hybrid system simultaneously realized advanced treatment of municipal wastewater, efficient production of algal lipid, and carbon capture from atmosphere, and thus has a good potential in the sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater.

Distribution and Clinical Analysis of EpCAM+/Vimentin+ Circulating Tumor Cells in High-Risk Population and Cancer Patients.

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are already present in the peripheral blood of patients with early tumors and even precancerous lesions. The objective of this study was to determine the count of CTCs in peripheral blood from high-risk population(HRP), healthy subjects and patients with Pan-cancer. The CTCs in the peripheral blood from HRP and cancer patients were enriched and identified based on the positive sorting method by epithelial cell adhesion molecular (EpCAM) liposome magnetic bead (Ep-LMB) and Vimentin liposome magnetic bead (Vi-LMB). Simultaneously, further analysis was carried out focusing on the clinical characteristics of patients by collecting the peripheral blood samples from healthy subjects as the parallel control. According to the results, the prepared LMBs had high specificity and stability, resulting in an average (Av) proliferation rate of over 90% for each cell line, and the average capture rate of higher than 80%. In terms of CTCs count detection in clinical blood samples, the average count was 0.9 (Ep: Av=0.6, Vi: Av=0.3), 2.4 (Ep: Av=1.4, Vi: Av=0.8) and 7.3 (Ep: Av=4.0, Vi: Av=3.3) in healthy subjects, HRP and total cancer patients, respectively. Besides, there was no obvious difference in the average count of CTCs among patients with different cancer types. While count of CTCs in the aforementioned cancer patients was statistically different from that in healthy subjects and patients with HRP. The survival time of cancer patients whose number of CTCs is greater than the average is significantly increased. Collectively, the study confirmed that CTCs can achieve early tumor detection and auxiliary diagnosis, and its number is related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and CTCs can be detected in HRP and sub-health population.

SaskPower’s Boundary Dam Unit 3 Carbon Capture Facility - The Journey to Achieving Reliability

SaskPower’s Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Project on Boundary Dam’s Unit 3 (BD3 ICCS) began operations in October of 2014. By early October 2020, the facility had captured its 3.5 millionth metric tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2). The road to 3.5 million tonnes of CO2 abated was not without difficulties. As a “first of kind” project, the capture facility at BD3 has been a platform for in-depth learning and optimization. The capture facility experienced unforeseen operational challenges and design oversights which hindered overall performance and significantly reduced its reliability and availability in the early days of operation. Availability of the capture facility did not exceed 70% during the first year and a half of operations while the average daily capture rate in the first 12 months of operation was merely 1240 tonnes/day. Based on experience, reduced capture performance can be attributed to difficulties in three broad categories of process flows: limitations in flue gas flow, limitations in amine flow, and limitations in heat transfer. Equipment responsible for facilitating these flows was identified. Major issues included fly ash accumulation, fouling of key heat exchangers and amine foaming. Corrections and additions to the capture facility were made to increase the facility’s reliability and availability. Corrections and additions to the capture facility including the installation of redundancy and isolations to key pieces of equipment was instrumental in correcting the performance of the facility, increasing its reliability and availability. By the summer of 2019 (May to July) the daily average capture rate was 2580 tonnes/day while availability in the 2018 to 2019 period had improved to over 90%. This paper documents the challenges and measures taken over the first five years of operations to improve the performance of the BD3 ICCS facility.

Wildlife trail or systematic? Camera trap placement has little effect on estimates of mammal diversity in a tropical forest in Gabon

AbstractCamera traps (CTs) have been increasingly used for wildlife monitoring worldwide. In the tropics, most CT inventories target wildlife‐friendly sites, and CTs are commonly placed towards wildlife trails. However, it has been argued that this placement strategy potentially provides biased results in comparison to more systematic or randomized approaches. Here, we investigated the impact of CT placement on the remotely sensed mammal diversity in a tropical forest in Gabon by comparing pairs of systematically placed and wildlife‐trail‐oriented CTs. Our survey protocol consisted of 15–17 sampling points arranged on a 2 km2 grid and left for one month in the field. This protocol was replicated sequentially in four areas. Each sampling point comprised a CT pair: the ‘systematic CT’, installed at the theoretical point and systematically oriented towards the most uncluttered view; and the ‘trail CT’, placed within a 20‐m radius and facing a wildlife trail. For the vast majority of species, the detection probabilities were comparable between placements. Species average capture rates were slightly higher for trail‐based CTs, though this trend was not significant for any species. Therefore, the species richness and composition of the overall community, such as the spatial distribution patterns (from evenly spread to site‐restricted) of individual species, were similarly depicted by both placements. Opting for a systematic orientation ensures that pathways used preferentially by some species—and avoided by others—will be sampled proportionally to their density in the forest undergrowth. However, trail‐based placement is routinely used, already producing standardised data within large‐scale monitoring programmes. Here, both placements provided a comparable picture of the mammal community, though it might not be necessarily true in depauperate areas. Both types of CT data can nevertheless be combined in multi‐site analyses, since methods now allow accounting for differences in study design and detection bias in original CT data.

Construction of CTC-ALK gene fusion detection system based on the multi-site magnetic separation in lung cancer and its clinical verification.

Detected in a variety of solid tumors, including lung cancer, the EML4-ALK fusion gene plays an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of cancer. The existing detection methods for EML4-ALK fusion gene are all targeted at surgical or post-sampling tumor tissues, which cannot achieve early detection and real-time monitoring; therefore, a minimally invasive ALK gene fusion detection system is explored and constructed. Vimentin, EpCAM, and EGFR antibodies were grafted, respectively, to prepare multi-site immunoliposome magnetic beads, so as to capture CTC in blood for RT-PCR detection, and then the feasibility of this method was verified by detecting the positive rate of the EML4-ALK fusion gene and clinical information in combination with WB and IHC. The prepared multi-site immunoliposome magnetic beads showed high specificity and stability, and the average proliferation rate and capture rate of cells were 95% and 85%, respectively. In clinical blood samples, the CTC level of the grade I (G1) patients before the operation was lower than grade 2 (G2), and that of grade II (G2) was significantly lower than grade III (G3), but the difference was not significant after the operation. The RT-PCR results of CTC and the RT-PCR, WB, and IHC results of tissues were highly consistent in the fusion gene detection, and the positive rate of ALK gene fusion in 60 lung cancer patients was 31.67% and 28.33% before and after the operation, mostly EML4-ALK (V3) gene fusion. The CTC-ALK gene fusion detection system constructed successfully could avoid the problem of difficult sampling and post-sampling complications, and truly achieve the minimally invasive biopsy, so it was of important clinical significance for the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of lung.