Average Annual Age-adjusted Incidence Rates Research Articles

Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of primary renal sarcomas in adult patients

To assess epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and overall survival of adult patients with renal sarcomas, the 2004–2016 SEER and NCDB databases were queried for adult patients diagnosed with renal sarcoma, calculating average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) as well as overall survival (OS). In n = 1279 included renal sarcoma patients, AAIR remained constant over the study period (average 0.53 cases/1million; AAPC = 0.7, p = 0.6). Leiomyosarcoma (AAIR 0.14 cases/1 million) and malignant rhabdoid tumors (0.06 cases/1 million) were most common. Sarcoma histiotypes demonstrated considerable heterogeneity regarding demographic and cancer-related variables. Patients presented with advanced local extent (T3 33.3%; T4 14.2%) or distant metastases (29.1%) and commonly underwent surgical resection (81.6%). Longer OS was independently associated with younger age, female sex, lower comorbidity index, low T stage, negative surgical margins, absence of tumor necrosis or distant metastases and leiomyosarcoma histiotype (multivariable p < 0.05 each). Treatment efficacy varied according to sarcoma histiotype (interaction p < 0.001). Accounting for 0.25% of renal malignancies, renal sarcomas include 43 histiotypes with distinct epidemiology, clinical presentation, outcomes and sensitivity to systemic therapy, thereby reflecting soft-tissue sarcoma behavior. Renal sarcoma treatment patterns follow recommendations by renal cancer guidelines with surgical resection as the cornerstone of therapy.

Association between county-level socioeconomic status and the incidence of and surgical treatment for pituitary adenoma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between county-level socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of and surgical treatment for pituitary adenoma (PA). Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the authors identified the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for surgical treatment of PA, stratified by a county-level index for SES, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and other confounders. From 2006 to 2018, 167,121 PA cases were identified. There was no significant trend in the incidence of PA by county-level SES overall (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.00, p = 0.05, comparing highest to lowest quintile of SES). Among Asian or Pacific Islander (API; IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95, p = 0.007) and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) participants (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95, p = 0.009), the incidence of PA was statistically significantly lower with higher SES, while among Black individuals, the incidence of PA was higher with higher SES (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15, p < 0.001, comparing 5th to 1st quintile of SES). Higher SES quintile was associated with surgical treatment of PA (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99-1.09, comparing highest to lowest quintile, p value for trend = 0.02). Males were more likely than females to undergo surgery (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.47-1.53, p < 0.001), and Black (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86-0.91, p < 0.001) and AIAN individuals (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99, p = 0.04) were less likely to undergo surgery than White individuals, whereas API individuals were more likely to undergo surgery (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.21, p < 0.001). Higher county-level SES in the US was associated with a higher incidence of PA among Black individuals, but not among White individuals, while API and AIAN individuals had a lower PA incidence with higher SES. After multivariable adjustment, higher county-level SES was associated with surgical treatment of PA, and White and API individuals were significantly more likely to undergo surgery than Black or AIAN individuals.

Multiethnic Trends in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Current characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in the United States have been mainly studied in Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, but little is known in regard to EOCRC in Asians and Native Hawaiians in the US. EOCRC was examined in Hawaii's multiethnic population. Data from the Hawaii Tumor Registry was used to analyze colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed in Hawaii from 2000-2019 by subsite, age, gender, ethnicity, and stage. Ethnicity analyses were limited to 3524 CRC cases, diagnosed between 2015-2019. Average annual 5-year age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates, average annual percent change over time, and 5-year survival were evaluated. Group comparisons utilized Chi-square and binomial proportion tests. Overall CRC incidence and mortality declined and were more pronounced for colon than rectal/rectosigmoid junction cancers. Colon cancer incidence rates significantly increased 1.46-fold for cases diagnosed under 45 years of age and rectal/rectosigmoid cancers significantly increased 1.54-fold for cases 45-54 years of age. CRC incidence increased sharply for females aged 45-54 years from 2000-2009 to 2010-2019, and increases in colon and rectal/rectosigmoid cancer among individuals aged 45-54 were higher for females. Among both sexes, the increase in rectal/rectosigmoid cancer incidence for individuals under 55 years was highest for stage I cancers. Overall, the mean (SD) age of CRC diagnosis was 5-10 years earlier for Native Hawaiians (60.6 [13.3] years) compared with Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Whites, and Other Asians (p < 0.001). Native Hawaiians constituted a greater proportion of CRC diagnosed under age 55 years and, conversely, a smaller proportion of cases 55 years and older compared with Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Whites, and Other Asians. Native Hawaiians had a significantly higher CRC-related mortality rate (14.5 per 100,000 [95% CI: 12.4, 16.8]) compared with Japanese (10.7 per 100,000 [95% CI: 9.3, 12.3]) and a significantly lower CRC survival rate (62.2% [95% CI: 59.1, 65.2]) compared with Japanese (71.9% [95% CI: 69.9, 73.8]), Filipinos (71.9% [95% CI: 69.2, 74.4]), Chinese (70.2% [95% CI: 65.5, 74.4]), Whites (69.3% [95% CI: 67.1, 71.4]), and Other Asians (71.7% [95% CI: 66.2, 76.5]). In our diverse US population, Native Hawaiians contribute disproportionately to EOCRC and present 5-10 years earlier than Whites, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos. EOCRCs are increasing faster in females than males in Hawaii, which differs from trends in the general US population. Emerging ethnic disparities in EOCRC in the US speak to the need for studies on targeted interventions and ethnic-specific risk factors for EOCRC.

EPID-24. CAPTURING EVOLVING DEFINITIONS OF 12 SELECT RARE CNS TUMORS: A TIMELY REPORT FROM CBTRUS AND NCI-CONNECT

Abstract BACKGROUND Incidence, prevalence, and survival are population-based cancer statistics that describe cancer burden. The National Cancer Institute’s Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT) specializes in research of 12 rare CNS tumor types to improve approaches to care and treatment. These tumors include atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, brainstem and midline glioma, choroid plexus tumors, ependymoma, high grade meningioma, gliomatosis cerebri, medulloblastoma, oligodendroglioma/anaplastic oligodendroglioma, pineal region tumors, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, CNS embryonal tumors, not elsewhere classified (NEC)/not otherwise specified (NOS), and primary CNS sarcoma. This study aimed to update incidence, prevalence, and survival statistics for these tumors. METHODS The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) database, a combined dataset of CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End RESULTS (SEER) data, was used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAAIR) per 100,000 population overall and by sex, race-ethnicity, and age (2008-2019). NPCR data were used to calculate relative survival (RS) estimates (2008-2018). Prevalence on December 31, 2019 was estimated using annual age-specific incidence and survival from CBTRUS and SEER, respectively. RESULTS AAAIR was 1.51 per 100,000 for these tumors combined, with highest incidence in ependymomas (AAAIR=0.41/100,000). Most tumor types were more common in males, adults (ages 40+ years) or children ages &amp;lt; 15 years, and non-Hispanic White individuals. Ependymomas were most prevalent (19,339 cases) followed by oligodendrogliomas (15,070 cases). RS for all subtypes combined at 1-, 5-, and 10-years was 86.6%, 71.9%, and 65.3%, respectively. Ependymomas had the highest RS (5-years=90.6%) and primary CNS sarcomas had the lowest RS (5-years=7.7%). CONCLUSIONS Incidence, prevalence, and survival patterns for these 12 selected rare cancer subtypes varied significantly by type. Population-based data are critical to guiding effective design of and accrual expectations for clinical trials in rare cancers.

EOLP-01. TREATMENT OF HEADACHES IN GLIOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Abstract INTRODUCTION Headaches are one of the most common morbidities in glioma reported in 36 to 62% of patients along the course of their disease. Gliomas represent 27% of primary CNS neoplasms and accounted for an average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 6.0 per 100 000 population according to data collected between 2010 and 2014. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this review was to evaluate current treatment options for glioma patients presenting with headaches and identify current headache treatment methods that could play a role in those patients. METHODS A systematic review of studies involving headaches in patients with gliomas was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted on PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Embase databases through January 3rd, 2023, with the following search terms: (analgesic OR anti-inflammatory OR prophylaxis OR steroids) AND (headache) AND (glioma or glioblastoma) AND (treatment). For each patient, we extracted: the therapy used, its outcome, and any side effects. RESULTS There were 11 out of 195 articles included in the review. For the articles that were fully reviewed (n =93), the majority of the exclusions 49% (n=40) were due to lack treatment method for patients’ headache. The most reported treatment options were Analgesics (n=211), steroids (dexamethasone, n=116), Surgical resection (n=2), and CGRP inhibitor (Fremanezumab, n=1). Most of the included studies 55% (n=6) only discussed headache treatment in 1 patient with 67% (n=4) of them being case report highlighting the lack of evidence covering this topic. CONCLUSION Headache treatment in patients with gliomas is an area of neuro-oncology with much to be learned. There is a need to further study the etiology of headaches in order to provide effective treatment plans that could improve the quality of life in this patient population.

Capturing evolving definitions of 12 select rare CNS tumors: a timely report from CBTRUS and NCI-CONNECT.

Incidence, prevalence, and survival are population-based statistics describing cancer burden. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT) specializes in tumor biology and outcomes for 12 rare CNS tumor types selected for their importance in adults, research interest, or potential for targeted treatment. The aim of this study was to update incidence, prevalence, and survival statistics for these tumors. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) database, a combined dataset of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, was used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAAIR) per 100,000 population overall and by sex, race-ethnicity, and age for diagnosis years 2008-2019. Incidence time trends were calculated for diagnosis years 2004-2019. NPCR data were used to calculate relative survival rates. Point prevalence on December 31, 2019 was estimated using annual age-specific incidence and survival. AAAIR was 1.47 per 100,000 for these tumors combined, with highest incidence in ependymomas (AAAIR = 0.41/100,000). Most tumor types were more common in males, adults (ages 40 + years) or children (ages < 15years), and non-Hispanic White individuals. Ependymomas were themost prevalent tumor type (19,320 cases) followed by oligodendrogliomas (14,900 cases). Ependymomas had the highest five-year survival (90.6%) and primary CNS sarcomas the lowest (7.7%). These data provide means to measure the impact of clinical care and evaluate new therapies and the evolving histopathology definitions in rare CNS tumor types.

CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.83 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=6.94 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.88). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.85 versus 21.62 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.24 versus 22.61 per 100,000). Gliomas accounted for 26.3% of all tumors. The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.9% of all malignant tumors), and the most common predominantly non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (40.8% of all tumors and 56.2% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastomas were more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.13 per 100,000 population. There were 86,030 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2016 and 2020. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42 per 100,000 population and an average of 17,206 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumor the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.

Childhood, adolescent, and adult primary brain and central nervous system tumor statistics for practicing healthcare providers in neuro-oncology, CBTRUS 2015-2019.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the largest aggregation of histopathology-specific population-based data for primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) in the US. CBTRUS publishes an annual statistical report which provides critical reference data for the broad neuro-oncology community. Here, we summarize the key findings from the 2022 CBTRUS annual statistical report for healthcare providers. Incidence data were obtained from the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 52 central cancer registries (CCRs). Survival data were obtained from 42 NPCR CCRs. All rates are per 100 000 and age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population. Overall median survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier models. Survival data for selected molecularly defined histopathologies are from the National Cancer Database. Mortality data are from the National Vital Statistics System. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 24.25/100 000. Incidence was higher in females and non-Hispanics. The most commonly occurring malignant and predominately non-malignant tumors was glioblastoma (14% of all primary brain tumors) and meningioma (39% of all primary brain tumors), respectively. Mortality rates and overall median survival varied by age, sex, and histopathology. This summary describes the most up-to-date population-based incidence, mortality, and survival, of primary brain and other CNS tumors in the US and aims to serve as a concise resource for neuro-oncology providers.

Brain tumors in United States military veterans.

Comprehensive analysis of brain tumor incidence and survival in the Veteran population has been lacking. Veteran data were obtained from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers via VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Brain tumor statistics on the overall US population were generated from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the US data. Cases were individuals (≥18 years) with a primary brain tumor, diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated per 100 000 population and Kaplan-Meier survival curves evaluated overall survival outcomes among Veterans. The Veteran population was primarily white (78%), male (93%), and between 60 and 64 years old (18%). Individuals with a primary brain tumor in the general US population were mainly female (59%) and between 18 and 49 years old (28%). The overall AAIR of primary brain tumors from 2004 to 2018 within the Veterans Affairs cancer registry was 11.6. Nonmalignant tumors were more common than malignant tumors (AAIR:7.19 vs 4.42). The most diagnosed tumors in Veterans were nonmalignant pituitary tumors (AAIR:2.96), nonmalignant meningioma (AAIR:2.62), and glioblastoma (AAIR:1.96). In the Veteran population, survival outcomes became worse with age and were lowest among individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma. Differences between Veteran and US populations can be broadly attributed to demographic composition differences of these groups. Prior to this, there have been no reports on national-level incidence rates and survival outcomes for Veterans. These data provide vital information that can drive efforts to understand disease burden and improve outcomes for individuals with primary brain tumors.

P21.05.B CAPTURING EVOLVING DEFINITIONS OF 12 SELECT RARE CNS TUMORS: A TIMELY REPORT FROM CBTRUS AND NCI-CONNECT

Abstract BACKGROUND Histopathology-specific incidence, prevalence, and survival are essential population-based cancer statistics that describe cancer burden. The National Cancer Institute’s Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT) aims to improve understanding of tumor biology and patient outcomes for 12 selected rare brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumor types to improve approaches to care and treatment. These types included atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, brainstem and midline gliomas, choroid plexus tumors, ependymomas, high grade meningiomas, gliomatosis cerebri, medulloblastoma, oligodendrogliomas, pineal region tumors, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, CNS embryonal tumors, NEC/NOS and primary CNS sarcoma. The analysis aimed to estimate the incidence (new cases per year), prevalence (currently living cases), and survival rates for these selected rare brain and other CNS tumor types. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) data, which contains data from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, from 2008-2019 were used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAAIR) per 100,000 population overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Incidence time trends were calculated for diagnosis years 2004-2019. NPCR survival data from 2001-2018 were used to calculate relative survival (RS) estimates. Estimated prevalence counts as of December 31, 2019 were estimated using incidence from CBTRUS and overall survival rates from SEER. RESULTS Overall AAAIR for all 12 subtypes combined was 1.51 per 100,000 population, with the highest subtype-specific incidence in ependymomas (AAAIR=0.41/100,000). Overall, most subtypes were more common in males and people who are non-Hispanic White. Incidence of all subtypes varied by age. Ependymomas were most prevalent with 19,339 cases; followed by oligodendrogliomas with 15,070 cases. Time trends in incidence varied by subtype, with significant decreases in incidence of gliomatosis cerebri, CNS embryonal tumor, and primary CNS sarcoma. RS for all subtypes combined at 1, 5, and 10 years was 86.6%, 71.9%, and 65.3%, respectively. Ependymomas had the highest RS (1-year=96.1%, 5-years=90.6%, 10-years=86.6%) and primary CNS sarcomas had the lowest RS (1-year=48.2%, 5-years=7.7%, 10-years=5.2%). CONCLUSION Incidence, prevalence, and survival patterns for these 12 selected rare cancer subtypes varied significantly by type. Population based data are critical to guiding effective design of and accrual expectations for clinical trials in rare cancers.

The joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on incidence of grade 1 versus grades 2-3 meningioma across the lifespan.

Previous research has identified older age, African-American race, and female sex as meningioma risk factors, but there is limited information on their joint effects, or on how these demographic factors vary across strata of tumor grade. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) is a population-based registry combining data from the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program which covers ~100% of the U.S. population and aggregates incidence data on all primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors. These data were used to explore the joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on average annual age-adjusted incidence rates of meningioma. We calculated meningioma incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by sex and race/ethnicity, across strata of age and tumor grade. Compared to individuals who are non-Hispanic White, individuals who are non-Hispanic Black had significantly higher risk of grade 1 (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.21-1.24) and grade 2-3 meningioma (IRR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37-1.47). The female-to-male IRR peaked in the fifth decade of life across all racial/ethnic groups and tumor grades, but was 3.59 (95% CI: 3.51-3.67) for WHO grade 1 meningioma and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.63-1.87) for WHO grade 2-3 meningioma. This study reveals the joint effects of sex and race/ethnicity on meningioma incidence throughout the lifespan and across strata of tumor grade, highlighting incidence disparities among females and African-Americans that may inform future strategies for tumor interception.

CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2015-2019.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.71 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=7.02 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.69). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.62 versus 21.60 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.09 versus 22.95 per 100,000). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.1% of all malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.20 per 100,000 population. An estimated 93,470 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2022 (26,670 malignant and 66,806 non-malignant). There were 84,264 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2015 and 2019. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.41 per 100,000 population and an average of 16,853 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, while for non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.

Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors in the United States (2014-2018): A summary of the CBTRUS statistical report for clinicians.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) contains information on all primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors diagnosed in the United States (US). Here we summarize the 2021 CBTRUS annual statistical report for clinicians. Incidence survival data are obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Survival data are obtained from NPCR. Mortality data are obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Incidence and mortality rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US population and presented per 100,000 population. An annual average of 86,355 cases of primary malignant and nonmalignant CNS tumors were diagnosed over the period 2014-2018, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 24.25. The most commonly occurring malignant tumor was glioblastoma (14.3%), and the most common predominately nonmalignant tumor was meningioma (39%). Over the 2014-2018 period, there were 16,606 annual average deaths due to malignant primary CNS tumors, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted mortality rate of 4.43. In this report we detail key incidence, survival, and mortality statistics for major primary CNS tumor histologies, highlighting relevant differences by age, sex, and race. This summary describes the most up to date population-based incidence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US, and mortality and survival for primary malignant tumors and aims to serve as a useful resource for clinicians.

CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014-2018.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the CDC and NCI, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy and is the first CBTRUS Report to provide the distribution of molecular markers for selected brain and CNS tumor histologies. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.25 (Malignant AAAIR=7.06, Non-malignant AAAIR=17.18). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (26.95 versus 21.35) and non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (24.68 versus 22.12). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.3% of all tumors and 49.1% of malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (39% of all tumors and 54.5% of non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.21. An estimated 88,190 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2021 (25,690 malignant and 62,500 non-malignant). There were 83,029 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2014 and 2018. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.43 per 100,000 and an average of 16,606 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 66.9%, for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 92.1%.

CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2013-2017.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors (malignant and non-malignant) and supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates (incidence and mortality) are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 23.79 (Malignant AAAIR=7.08, non-Malignant AAAIR=16.71). This rate was higher in females compared to males (26.31 versus 21.09), Blacks compared to Whites (23.88 versus 23.83), and non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (24.23 versus 21.48). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.5% of all tumors), and the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (38.3% of all tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.14. An estimated 83,830 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2020 (24,970 malignant and 58,860 non-malignant). There were 81,246 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2013 and 2017. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42. The 5-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 23.5% and for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 82.4%.

Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Among the Hispanic Population in Texas 1995-2013.

Introduction: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors constitute a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. A rising incidence rate in the United States has been linked to modern changes in early diagnosis and reporting. This study aims to examine temporal incidence trends, geographic variation, and the average annual age-adjusted rates among Hispanic populations in Texas from 1995 to 2013.Methods: SEER*STAT (Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute (seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 8.3.2) and Joinpoint Regression 4.4.0.0 (Statistical Methodology and Applications Branch, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute) software were used to analyze incidence of primary brain and CNS tumors among Texas residents. Data were obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry of the Texas Department of State Health Services.Results: From the 30,122 cases of primary CNS tumors diagnosed throughout the state of Texas from 2008 to 2012, the overall average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for Hispanics and non-Hispanics combined was 25.35 per 100,000 persons. Among Hispanics, West Texas had the highest incidence trends and the highest average age-adjusted incidence rate of 27.17, followed by North Texas at 26.01 and the Panhandle at 23.63. East Texas had the lowest incidence rate of 16.23. The incidence trend among Hispanics has decreased consistently at a rate of 0.83 % from 1995 to 2013.Conclusions: The incidence of tumors was more pronounced in the Hispanic population in northern Texas compared with southern Texas. The presence of oil and gas production industries with farming and construction could play a role in the observed incidence of disease. Further studies with a focus on occupational health among Hispanics in Texas will be needed to elucidate the cause of such distribution.

CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2012-2016.

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 23.41 (Malignant AAAIR = 7.08, non-Malignant AAAIR = 16.33). This rate was higher in females compared to males (25.84 versus 20.82), Whites compared to Blacks (23.50 versus 23.34), and non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (23.84 versus 21.28). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.6% of all tumors), and the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (37.6% of all tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.06. An estimated 86,010 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019 (25,510 malignant and 60,490 non-malignant). There were 79,718 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2012 and 2016. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.8%, and the five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 91.5%.

Partnership for defining the impact of 12 selected rare CNS tumors: a report from the CBTRUS and the NCI-CONNECT.

Population-based cancer statistics, including histology-specific incidence, prevalence, and survival are essential to evaluating the total burden due to disease in a population. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT) was developed to better understand tumor biology and patient outcomes for 12 selected brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumor histologies that are rare in adults to improve approaches to care and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence, and survival of these selected rare histologies. Data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) from 2000 to 2014 were used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) per 100,000 population overall and by sex, race, ethnicity, and age. NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data were used to calculate relative survival (RS) estimates. Point prevalence for 2014 was estimated using annual age-specific incidence and survival from CBTRUS and SEER, respectively. Overall AAIR was 1.47 per 100,000 for all 12 rare histologies combined, with the highest histology-specific incidence in oligodendrogliomas (AAIR = 0.40/100,000). Overall, most histologies were more common in males, adults (age 40 + ), Whites, and non-Hispanics. Ependymomas were the most prevalent histology at 4.11 per 100,000; followed by oligodendrogliomas at 3.68 per 100,000. Relative survival at 1-, 5-, and 10-years was 82.3%, 64.0%, and 55.4%, respectively for all 12 selected brain and other CNS tumor types combined. Ependymomas had the highest RS (1-year = 94.2%, 5-year = 83.9%, 10-year = 78.6%) and gliosarcomas had the lowest relative survival rate (1-year = 42.5%, 5-year = 5.6%, 10-year = 2.9%) at all three time points. Incidence and prevalence of these rare brain and other CNS tumor histologies have not been previously reported. Along with survival, these data provide a statistical foundation to understand the impact of these cancers and provide important disease-specific data for the design of prospective clinical trials.

Glioma incidence and survival variations by county-level socioeconomic measures.

Multiple studies have reported higher rates of glioma in areas with higher socioeconomic status (SES) but to the authors' knowledge have not stratified by other factors, including race/ethnicity or urban versus rural location. The authors identified the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates and calculated hazard ratios for death for gliomas of various subtypes, stratified by a county-level index for SES, race/ethnicity, US region, and rural versus urban status. Rates of glioma were highest in counties with higher SES (rate ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.22 comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles [P<.001]). Stratified by race/ethnicity, higher rates in high SES counties persisted for white non-Hispanic individuals. Stratified by rural versus urban status, differences in incidence by SES were more pronounced among urban counties. Survival was higher for residents of high SES counties after adjustment for age and extent of surgical resection (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of SES [P<.001]). Survival was higher among white Hispanic, black, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals compared with white non-Hispanic individuals, after adjustment for age, SES, and extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those individuals with glioblastoma who received radiation and chemotherapy. The incidence of glioma was higher in US counties of high compared with low SES. These differences were most pronounced among white non-Hispanic individuals and white Hispanic individuals residing in urban areas. Better survival was observed in high SES counties, even when adjusting for extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those who received radiation and chemotherapy for glioblastoma. Differences in incidence and survival were associated with SES and race, rather than rural versus urban status.

Characteristics of 5015 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a Period of 39 Years.

Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, and their epidemiology in Japan has not been well described. We conducted a retrospective review of salivary gland tumors registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a period of 39 years. The subjects were 5015 cases ranging in age from 6 to 97 (mean, 54.3) years old. The incidence of both benign tumors and malignant tumors increased with age until 60–69 years and then declined. Among the 5015 salivary gland neoplasms, 3998 (80%) were benign and 1017 (20%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most frequent benign tumor (68%), followed by Warthin tumor (26%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (27%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (26%) were the two most frequent malignant tumors. Characteristically, there was a very low incidence of polymorphous adenocarcinoma in Japan. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population was 3.3 for benign tumors and 0.8 for malignant tumors. This is the large-scale multi-institutional analysis to describe the characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms, based on the pathological tissue registry data. We hope that the present data can contribute to early diagnosis and effective treatment of salivary gland tumors and to cancer prevention.