Average Anaerobic Power Research Articles

Effects Of Short Term Intermittent Exercise On Aerobic And Anaerobic Capacity In Judo Athletes

BACKGROUND: Intermittent exercise is composed of repeated periods of intensive exercise interspersed with periods of moderate-intensity to recovery. In judo, the times and mode of attack in competition is similar to interval training. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the short term effects of intermittent exercise on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in judo athletes. METHODS: There were 48 judo athletes (male:30, female:18, height: 166.26 ± 7.65 cm and weight: 70.63 ± 20.5 kg) received intermittent training by bicycle ergometer (ergoline®; Bitz, Germany). The exercise protocol was 8 minutes per session and twice a week for 6 weeks. Anaerobic power was tested with Wingate protocol to measure the peak power and maximum oxygen consumption was detected with Bruce protocol before and after intermittent training period. The high intensity was 50% peak power for 20 seconds and moderate intensity was 25% peak power for 20 seconds at first 3 weeks, and then increased to 60% peak power for high intensity and 30% peak power for moderate intensity in last 3 weeks. RESULTS: It shows that both anaerobic power(10.43 ± 1.62 vs. 10.04 ± 1.26, p = 0.048) and anaerobic capacity(10.43 ± 1.62 vs. 10.04 ± 1.26, p = 0.048) in post-test was significantly lower than pre-test. As for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), there was no significantly different between pre- and post-test (3326.04 ± 746.74 vs. 3527.47 ± 758.29 ml/min). CONCLUSION: The peak powers of judo athletes were greater than others. The dose of training protocol in this study was based on peak power and it seems to intensive for judo athletes. The poor response in aerobic and anaerobic capacity may cause from cumulative stress and fatigue. Average anaerobic power may consider investigating in the future for the optimal dose in high intensity intermittent training. Corresponding Author’s email: [email protected]; Chin-Fang Wang

THE EFFECT OF SKILL-BASED MAXIMAL INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE FUTSAL PLAYERS

This study examined the effects of skill-based maximal intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic performance variables among female futsal players. The study included 12 elite female futsal players (training group, TG) from university league division I and 12 physically active female sports-school students (control group, CG). The CG completed volleyball and basketball courses (each 2 hours per week) as part of their school programs; the TG completed an 8-week training program (non-sequential, 4 days per week). Aerobic and anaerobic performance variables were measured before and after the training program via a 20m shuttle run and running anaerobic sprint tests (RAST). Average anaerobic power, fatigue index and VO2max of TG improved by 10.7%, 22.1% and 9.6% (p<0.05), respectively. These findings demonstrate that skill-based maximal intensity interval training had significant effects on both aerobic and anaerobic performance variables of female futsal players. The results suggest that this training model may be useful as a training efficiency tool among futsal coaches.

Effects of Repetition Training with Maximal Speed on Anaerobic Power and Swimming Performance in Children Swimmers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetition training with maximal speed on anaerobic power and swimming performance in children swimmers. Eighteen children swimmers were divided into control group (n=6), 15-meters group (n=6) and 25-meters group (n=6). All subjects sustained the basic swimming training programs during the experimental period. The subjects of 15-meters group and 25-meters group had additional training schedules with repetition training with maximal speed for 15-meters with 10 repetitions or 25-meters with 6 repetitions three times per week. The anaerobic power of arms and legs, as well as swimming achievement, stroke rate and stroke distance of 50 meters of the subjects were tested before and after training. Data was analyzed by two-way mixed design ANOVA. The results showed that no significant differences in all variables among groups before training. After training, the minimal anaerobic power and fatigue indices of arms and legs, as well as stroke rate in both 15-meters group and 25-meters group were significantly higher than control group (p＜.05). However, there were no differences between 15 meters and 25 meters. Furthermore, the maximal, minimal, and average anaerobic power of arms and legs, fatigue indices of legs, 50-meter free-style swimming achievement and stroke rate in post-trained of 15-meters and 25-meters groups were significantly better than pre-trained groups (p＜.05). It is concluded that both of repetition training with maximal speed methods for 15 meters with 10 repetitions and 25 meters with 6 repetitions can enhance the anaerobic power of arms and legs as well as swimming achievement.

Aerobic and anaerobic performance improvement through yogic practice

Literature supports the impact of yogic practice on physical performance especially, the aerobic aspects. The study therefore attempted to compare the effect of 3 months yogic practice on aerobic and...

L-Tryptophan Supplementation Can Decrease Fatigue Perception During an Aerobic Exercise with Supramaximal Intercalated Anaerobic Bouts in Young Healthy Men

ABSTRACTPhysical exercise is often terminated not due to muscle fatigue but because of inadequate neural drive in the serotonergic system. Modifications in activity levels of the serotonergic system, induced by variations in the availability of L-tryptophan (a serotonin precursor) may alter neural drive. We examined the effect of L-tryptophan supplementation on physical performance by combining aerobic work with brief periods of supramaximal intensity that closely mimics the activity typical of team sports. Twenty healthy young sportsmen (mean age 21.2 ± 0.7 years) performed a submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer, with a workload corresponding to 50% of their respective VO2 max for 10 min, followed by a maximal intensity exercise for 30 s. This sequence was repeated three times and, after the fourth series, each participant continued to exercise at the highest speed that he could sustain for 20 min. This protocol was performed twice: once with and finally without supplementation of L-tryptophan, in random order and double-blind. Peak power output, average anaerobic power output, and power output during the last 20 min of the trial were higher on the trials performed with L-tryptophan supplementation than on those performed with placebo. The distance covered during the last 20 min of the trial was 11,959 ± 1,753 m on placebo and 12,526 ± 1,617 m on L-tryptophan (p < .05). In conclusion, in some types of exercises, modification of the serotonergic system may improve the physical performance.

The effects of six weeks of training on physical fitness and performance in teenage and mature top-level soccer players

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soccer-specific training on physical fitness components in adolescent elite soccer players and make comparisons with older counterparts. Twenty two male soccer players from the Serbian First Division team were allocated to two assigned trials according to age – young group (YG) and mature group (MG). Players in their teenage years (19 years and younger) were assigned to YG (10 subjects) and others to MG (12 subjects). Between the first and second test session, all subjects followed six weeks of soccer-specific periodized training programme. There were no differences between groups at preand post-training trial for body mass, vertical jump height, average anaerobic power and VO2max (P>0.05). Body fat was significantly lower in YG before and after training program as compared to MG (P<0.05). Body mass and fat dropped significantly in both groups after training program (P<0.05). Furthermore, average anaerobic power and VO2max along with vertical jump height, were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) at posttraining performance. Finally, the magnitude of change in VO2max was significanty superior in MG as compared to YG after training program (18.3 vs. 7.8%; P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that the trainability indices are not highly influenced by age in top-level soccer players. (Biol.Sport 26:379-387, 2009)

Effects of Sprint Interval Training and Body Weight Reduction on Power to Weight Ratio in Experienced Cyclists

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supramaximal sprint interval training (SIT), body weight reduction, and a combination of both treatments on peak and average anaerobic power to weight ratio (PPOan:Wt, APOan:Wt) by manipulating peak and average anaerobic power output (PPOan, APOan) and body weight (BW) in experienced cyclists. Participants (N = 34, age = 38.0 +/- 7.1 years) were assigned to 4 groups for a 10-week study. One group performed twice-weekly SIT sessions on a cycle ergometer while maintaining body weight (SIT). A second group did not perform SIT but intentionally reduced body weight (WR). A third group simultaneously performed SIT sessions and reduced body weight (SIT+WR). A control group cycled in their normal routine and maintained body weight (CON). The 30-second Wingate Test assessed pretest and posttest POan:Wt scores. There was a significant mean increase (p < 0.05) from pretest to posttest in PPOan:Wt and APOan:Wt (W x kg(-1)) scores in both SIT (10.82 +/- 1.71 to 11.92 +/- 1.77 and 8.05 +/- 0.64 to 8.77 +/- 0.64, respectively) and WR (10.33 +/- 2.91 to 11.29 +/- 2.80 and 7.04 +/- 1.45 to 7.62 +/- 1.24, respectively). PPOan and APOan (W) increased significantly only in SIT (753.7 +/- 121.0 to 834.3 +/- 150.1 and 561.3 +/- 62.5 to 612.7 +/- 69.0, respectively). Body weight (kg) decreased significantly in WR and SIT + WR (80.3 +/- 13.7 to 75.3 +/- 11.9 and 78.9 +/- 10.8 to 73.4 +/- 10.8, respectively). The results demonstrate that cyclists can use SIT sessions and body weight reduction as singular training interventions to effect significant increases in anaerobic power to weight ratio, which has been correlated to enhanced aerobic cycling performance. However, the treatments were not effective as combined interventions, as there was no significant change in either PPOan:Wt or APOan:Wt in SIT + WR.

Effects of Two and Five Days of Creatine Loading on Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Trained Athletes

The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of 2 and 5 days of creatine loading, coupled with resistance training, on muscular strength and anaerobic performance in trained athletes. Seventeen trained men were randomly assigned to a creatine or a placebo group. The creatine supplementation group consumed 20 g of creatine per day (4 doses of 5 g per day), whereas the placebo group was given a placebo similar in appearance and taste over the 5-day supplementation duration. Anaerobic power and strength performance measures, in addition to blood and urine analysis, were conducted in the morning before the supplementation began and on the third and sixth day to establish the effect of 2 and 5 days of creatine loading, respectively. The study found that a 5-day creatine loading regime coupled with resistance training resulted in significant improvements in both average anaerobic power, as measured by the 30-second Wingate test and back squat strength compared with just training alone. However, 2 days of supplementation was not sufficient to produce similar performance gains as that observed at the end of 5 days of loading in trained men, despite increases in creatine uptake in the body. The standard 5-day loading regime should hence be prescribed to individuals supplementing with creatine for enhanced strength and power.

The Effects of a 4-week Coffeeberry Supplementation on Antioxidant Status, Endurance, and Anaerobic Performance in College Athletes

The main aim of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and aerobic and anaerobic performance induced by supplementation of coffeeberry (CB) formulation for 4 weeks in college athletes. Twenty college athletes (14 males and 6 females) were allocated to two randomly assigned trials. Subjects in the CB group orally ingested capsules that contained CB formulation at a dose of 800 mg per day in two equal doses for 28 days, while subjects in the placebo (P) group ingested an equal number of identical-looking caps that contained cellulose. There were no changes in glucose, cholesterol, and lipoproteins within or between trials (p > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly higher in the CB versus P trial at the post- supplementation trial (1.66 ± 0.16 vs. 1.51 ± 0.05 mmol/L; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in average anaerobic power, index of anaerobic fatigue, maximal heart rate, blood lactate, and maximal oxygen uptake within or between trials (p > 0.05). Heart rate recovery (HRR) index increased significantly in CB group as compared with baseline level (38 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 5 beats/min; p < 0.05). Blood lactate after 10 min of recovery (Lactrec) significantly decreased in the CB group after supplementation protocol as compared with initial results (7.6 ± 4.2 vs. 5.5 ± 2.6 mmol/L; p < 0.05). No subject reported any side effects from CB or P. The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with a CB formulation slightly increased antioxidant capacity, but there were minimal effects on recovery parameters after exercise in college athletes.

The Effects of Mid-Level Altitude on the Anaerobic Power Output Of Athletes

PURPOSE: Avast amount of research has demonstrated the hindering effects of altitude, and the hypoxic conditions it presents, on cardiovascular endurance performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relatively unknown field of how such conditions affect anaerobic fatigue, average anaerobic power (M-AnP) and maximal anaerobic power (Wmax). METHODS: 15 highly trained NCAA collegiate athletes, 8 males and 7 females, performed a testing protocol that included vertical jump, repeated hang cleans, and Wingate anaerobic cycling. Each subject participated in the testing at both sea level and altitude (2835 meters), thus acting as their own control. RESULTS: Results from the study suggest that there is no difference between vertical jump performance at sea level and at altitude. The Wingate cycle test also indicates that hypoxic conditions are not a major factor in anaerobic performance. The performers peak anaerobic power (Pk-AnP), fatigue index, and total work showed no significant differences. However, a greater drop off between PkAnP and power output at the 5-second interval was noted during the altitude performances. Hang clean performances produced mixed results, and clear differences were present between the results of male and female performers. Male subjects showed a slight increase in power output when tested at altitude, whereas altitude had no affect on the performance of the female subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Although the difference noted in the early stages of the Wingate anaerobic cycling test falls just outside the range of statistical significance (S>0.05), this could point to a somewhat impaired ability to maintain a high power output in hypoxic conditions, possibly caused by a delay in the initial activation and replenishment of the ATP-PC energy system. Although not definitive, hang clean results also suggest that altitude could influence Wmax and levels of columnar power production. The results of this study are handicapped to some extent by the limited size of the subject pool, possibly explaining the lack of statistical significance found in some of the areas described. Therefore more research is required to confirm and supplement these findings.

Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Fitness Attributes and Upper-Extremity Pain in Middle-Aged Men With Paraplegia

Nash MS, van de Ven I, van Elk N, Johnson BM. Effects of circuit resistance training on fitness attributes and upper-extremity pain in middle-aged men with paraplegia. Objective To examine the effects of circuit resistance exercise (CRT) training on muscle strength, endurance, anaerobic power, and shoulder pain in middle-aged men with paraplegia. Design Repeated testing. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Seven men (age range, 39−58y) with motor-complete paraplegia from T5 to T12 and confirmed shoulder pain occurring during daily activities. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Subjects underwent a 4-month CRT program using alternating resistance maneuvers and high-speed, low-resistance arm exercise. One-repetition maximal force was measured before training and monthly thereafter. Pretraining and posttraining peak oxygen uptake (V o 2peak) was measured by graded arm testing. Anaerobic power was measured before and after training using a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test. Shoulder pain was self-evaluated by an index validated for people with spinal cord injury (Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index [WUSPI]). Results Strength increases ranging from 38.6% to 59.7% were observed for all maneuvers ( P range, .005−.008). V o 2peak increased after training by 10.4% ( P=.01), and peak and average anaerobic power increased by 6% ( P=.001) and 8.6% ( P=.005), respectively. WUSPI scores ± standard deviation were lowered from 31.9±24.8 to 5.7±5.9 ( P=.008), with 3 of 7 subjects reporting complete resolution of shoulder pain. Conclusions CRT improves muscle strength, endurance, and anaerobic power of middle-aged men with paraplegia while significantly reducing their shoulder pain.

Effect of Semirecumbent and Upright Body Position on Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Testing

The study was designed to determine the effect of upright-posture (UP) versus semirecumbent (SR) cycling on commonly used measures of maximal and submaximal exercise capacity. Nine healthy, untrained men (M age = 27 years, SD = 4.8 years) underwent steady-state submaximal aerobic testing followed by a ramped test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Anaerobic peak and average power and total work were assessed with the Wingate test. All tests were performed in both SR and UP positions, in random order. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and ventilation (VE) at the maximum workrate were lower in the SR position (p < .05). At submaximal workrates (50 W and 100 W), VO2 and VE were equivalent in the UP and SR positions, despite differences in tidal volume and respiratory rate (p < .05). There was no difference in peak or average anaerobic power in the two positions. In summary, SR exercise was associated with a reduced VO2max and a significantly altered ventilatory response to aerobic exercise, with no change in anaerobic power output.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REACTION TIME AND ANAEROBIC POWER IN DIFFERENT SPORTS

1461 The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between anaerobic power and whole-body reaction-movement time (RT) among athletes participating in different sports. Five groups of subjects (age 18-26 yr.) participated in the study, representing long distance runners (LD, n = 13), sprinters (SP, n = 12), fencers (FN, n = 13), table tennis players (TT, n = 12), and a control group (CO, n = 8). All groups performed vertical jump (VJ), Wingate anaerobic power tests, and RT using a light (RT-L), a sound (RT-S), and a choice of light (RT-C). ANOVA tests revealed no significant differences among the groups in RT-L, RT-S or RT-C. For the Wingate tests, FN showed the highest relative peak (PP) and average (AP) anaerobic power compared to the other groups. However, their performance was only significantly different from LD (PP: 14.6± 1.8 Vs 12.3 ± 1.4 W·kg-1) and from CO (AP: 10.2± 1.6 Vs 7.7 ± 1.1 W·kg-1). Results of correlation coefficients between RT and each of PP and VJ were not significant in any of the groups. However, TT showed the highest correlation between PP and RT-L (r= -.54) followed by LD (r = -.31). In addition, RT-C had the highest correlation with PP in TT (r = -.45) followed by LD (r = -.32). It was concluded that RT was not significantly related to peak or average anaerobic power.

Applied physiology of soccer.

Soccer is characterised as a high intensity, intermittent non-continuous exercise. Players cover approximately 10 km of ground per game, of which 8 to 18% is at the highest individual speed. In higher levels of competition there is a greater number of tackles and headings plus a greater percentage of the game is performed at maximum speed. The average aerobic energy yield during a national level game is around 80% of the individual maximum. Blood lactate concentration during a game averages 7 to 8 mmol/L. Because of a high energy yield most players have empty muscle glycogen stores at the end of the game, were hypohydrated and also have an increased body temperature. Soccer players of national and international standard have a maximal aerobic power of around 60 to 65 ml/kg/min, an above average anaerobic alactacid power, and a greater buffer capacity and muscle strength compared with untrained controls, yet seem to be less flexible.