Average Alkaline Phosphatase Research Articles

Abstract No. 562 Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon cholangioplasty in the treatment of biliary-enteric anastomotic stricture

Treatment of biliary-enteric (B-E) anastomotic stricture is difficult, often requiring protracted management via several procedures. Stricture restenosis is a common issue; paclitaxel drug coated balloons (DCB) have been shown to reduce restenosis via an antiproliferative mechanism in peripheral arterial disease applications; use of these devices may reduce lesion restenosis in anastomotic strictures. In this study, we seek to evaluate the efficacy of DCB treatment of B-E anastomotic strictures. Patients who underwent treatment of B-E anastomotic strictures with DCB from 9/2016 to present were reviewed. Patients received initial percutaneous drain placement; approximately 1 week later standard/cutting balloon angioplasty and 7 mm DCB application for 3 minutes at nominal inflation was performed. Symptom improvement was qualitatively assessed. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and total bilirubin (TBili) values were collected prior to initial biliary intervention and following DCB cholangioplasty. Paired t-test was performed; significance was determined at p <0.05. Six patients (5M:1F, mean age 70) with B-E anastomotic strictures treated with DCB were identified; technical success was achieved in 5; these patients experienced symptomatic improvement. One patient had B-E stricture at a transplant hepaticojejunostomy. Four patients were found to have benign strictures, one patient had a malignant stricture and represents the only treatment failure. Prior to internal/external drain placement and DCB cholangioplasty, the average TBili was 3.8 ± 1.9 (mean ± SEM), which trended downward to 1.4 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM) following DCB therapy (p = 0.08). Prior to internal/external drain placement and DCB cholangioplasty, the average AP was 439 ± 136 which decreased to 262 ± 77 (p = 0.03). No complications were encountered in this series. DCB cholangioplasty demonstrates early promise in the treatment of benign biliary-enteric anastomotic stricture. Further study needs to be performed to validate these findings and precisely define patients that could benefit from this intervention.

Clinical features of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by long-term low-dose adefovir dipivoxil.

ObjectiveTo investigate the predictors of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and to monitor for early detection.Patients and methodsHospitalized patients who were diagnosed with ADV-related hypo-phosphatemic osteomalacia were recruited and retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. A telephone interview was conducted at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after cessation of ADV.ResultsIn the 8 patients enrolled in the study, the hypophosphatemic osteomalacia symptoms developed at an average of 5.14 (4–7) years since ADV treatment (10 mg/d). The average alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was 279.50 (137–548) U/L, which was significantly higher than the normal level (45–125 U/L). The serum phosphorus level was an average of 0.59 (0.43–0.69) mmol/L, which was lower than the normal range (2.06–2.60 mmol/L). Serum calcium levels of the enrolled patients remained within normal limits. Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <29 mL/min/1.73 m2) was seen in 4 cases. The clinical manifestations were mainly progressive systemic bone and joint pain, frequent fractures, trouble in walking, height reduction (4–6 cm), and so on. After cessation of ADV, symptoms like bone pain resolved gradually. Serum phosphorus level restored to normal in 4.5 months after the withdrawal of ADV. However, in 4 patients, renal function failed to return to normal in 24 months.ConclusionMore attention should be paid to the duration of ADV treatment. The level of serum phosphorus and ALP, as well as renal function, should be monitored for early detection of potential adverse drug reactions.

Effects of pregnancy and post-kidding stages on haematochemical parameters in cross-bred goats

ABSTRACTThe effects of pregnancy and post-kidding stages, and the number of in utero developing foetuses on haematochemical parameters were evaluated in stabled cross-bred goats. Blood serum samples were collected biweekly during the late-pregnancy (–49 days) and post-kidding stages (21 days) (n = 34 goats, including 17 Anglonubian and 17 Saanen × Anglonubian). Non-pregnant, cross-bred, adult does (n = 17) were used as controls. Blood serum glucose (GL), total protein (TP), albumin (AL), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), creatinine (CR), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were measured using commercial kits. Average GL, TP, AL, and AP values were found to be different (p < .05) in pregnant, control, and post-kidding stages. Average GL level was found to be different (p < .05) in Anglonubian vs. Saanen×Anglonubian goats. Number of developing foetuses had no effect on any measured haematochemical parameters. In conclusion, both the late pregnancy and post-kidding stages of Anglonubian and Saanen × Anglonubian goats were accompanied by changes in blood serum GL, TP, AL, and AP. Breed effect was only observed on serum GL, while number of kids developing in utero did not affect the measured haematochemical parameters of goats.

Mutational Analysis of Norrin-Frizzled4 Recognition

Norrin and Frizzled4 (Fz4) function as a ligand-receptor pair to control vascular development in the retina and inner ear. In mice and humans, mutations in either of the corresponding genes lead to defects in vascular development. The present work is aimed at defining the sequence determinants of binding specificity between Norrin and the Fz4 amino-terminal ligand-binding domain (the "cysteine-rich domain" (CRD)). The principal conclusions are as follows: 1) Norrin binds to the Fz4 CRD and does not detectably bind to the 14 other mammalian Frizzled and secreted Frizzled-related protein CRDs; 2) Norrin and Xenopus Wnt8 recognize largely overlapping regions of the Fz4 CRD; 3) surface determinants on the Fz4 and Fz8 CRDs that allow Norrin to distinguish between these two CRDs reside within several small regions on one face of the CRD; 4) Norrin function depends critically on three pairs of cysteines that form the highly conserved trio of disulfide bonds shared among all cystine knot proteins, but the remaining two putative disulfide bonds are less important; 5) Norrin-CRD binding depends on a largely contiguous group of amino acids in the extended beta-sheet domain of Norrin that are predicted to face away from the interface between the two monomers in the Norrin homodimer; 6) Norrin-CRD binding is strongly modulated by interactions involving charged amino acid side chains; and 7) Norrin-CRD binding is enhanced approximately 10-fold by the addition of heparin. These observations are discussed in the context of Frizzled signaling and the structure and function of other cystine knot proteins.

Bovine plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to age, J substance and beta-lactoglobulin phenotypes.

SummaryIn Jersey cattle the plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found to be markedly age‐dependent. Among animals grouped with regard to age a marked decrease in the average plasma AP activity was shown to take place until an age of 21/2 to 3 years. For the J substance and β‐lactoglobulin phenotypes a dependency of age was not observed in the material studied.Excluding animals less than 3 years old and thus eliminating variation in AP activity due to age, a significant association (P&lt;0.01) between AP activity and J phenotypes was observed among 91 animals. The Jcs phenotype was associated with low AP activity and the ja phenotype with high AP activity. On the average the J substance phenotypes, Jcs, Js and ja, exhibit an increasing plasma AP activity of 3.6, 4.2 and 6.8 King Armstrong Units, respectively, and a corresponding decrease in J substance.In a similar comparison of the β‐lactoglobulin phenotypes and plasma AP activity involving 82 lactating cows, an excess of the β‐lactoglobulin BB phenotypes with high AP activity just at P = 0.05 was observed.