Quality Of Available Information Research Articles

A Systematic Quality Assessment of Online Resources on Eyelid Ptosis Using the Modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (mEQIP) Tool.

Eyelid ptosis is an underestimated pathology deeply affecting patients' quality of life. Internet has increasingly become the major source of information regarding health care, and patients often browse on websites to acquire an initial knowledge on the subject. However, there is lack of data concerning the quality of available information focusing on the eyelid ptosis and its treatment. We systematically evaluated online information quality on eyelid ptosis by using the "Ensuring Quality Information for Patients" (EQIP) scale. Google, Yahoo and Bing have been searched for the keywords "Eyelid ptosis," "Eyelid ptosis surgery" and "Blepharoptosis." The first 50 hits were included, evaluating the quality of information with the expanded EQIP tool. Websites in English and intended for general non-medical public use were included. Irrelevant documents, videos, pictures, blogs and articles with no access were excluded. Out of 138 eligible websites, 79 (57,7%) addressed more than 20 EQIP items, with an overall median score of 20,2. Only 2% discussed procedure complication rates. The majority fail to disclose severe complications and quantifying risks, fewer than 18% clarified the potential need for additional treatments. Surgical procedure details were lacking, and there was insufficient information about pre-/postoperative precautions for patients. Currently, online quality information has not improved since COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the urgent requirement for improved patient-oriented websites adhering to international standards for plastic and oculoplastic surgery. Healthcare providers should effectively guide their patients in finding trustworthy and reliable eyelid ptosis correction information. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Youtube as a source of information vagal nerve stimulation: A quality analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the quality of available information on Youtube videos about VNS as a “source of health information” for patients with drug resistant epilepsy. MethodsYoutube videos were searched and screened using the terms “VNS for seizures,” and “VNS surgery,” “VNS epilepsy” in May 2023. The quality of the videos was evaluated the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) and Global Quality Scale (GQS). The videos were analyzed in terms of content, accuracy, reliability, and quality. ResultsA total of 104 videos were searched. After excluding duplicate or inappropriate videos, 51 videos were analyzed. Youtube videos about vagal nerve stimulation are mostly on general information, surgical procedures, patient experiences and magnet use. When video sources are examined according to the quality, according to GQS, 75 % of high quality videos were narrated by physicians, all intermediate quality videos were narrated by physicians, and low quality ones narrated by physicians were 47.4 % and 28.9 % by the patients. All of the videos narrated by the patients were of low quality. There was a significant and strong correlation between GQS and Discern score (r = 0.807, p < 0.001). Only GQS scores of videos with different content were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Two pediatric neurologists independently reviewed the videos and classified the videos as useful or misleading according to the GQS, DISCERN scala. The overall κ value for interobserver consistency according to Global Quality Scale was 0.781 (p < 0.001). (95 % confidence interval), indicating a very good level of agreement. ConclusionYoutube videos may provide a worthful source for patients and parents seeking to find more information about VNS However incorrect information could easily be disseminated by high number of views of videos with low quality. High skilled and experienced professionals should create videos on Youtube to ensure that patients and parents can access more useful, high-quality, and accurate information on VNS.

Integration of Takaful Insurance in the Tunisian Market: Analysis of consumers’ perceptions

The study examines the impact of situational factors, subjective criteria, and information quality on Islamic insurance applications. Drawing inspiration from the theory of logical action, this research introduces a model to analyze key factors within the Islamic insurance application context. The model undergoes testing with data obtained from a survey involving 100 participants. The findings emphasize the significance of attitude, subjective considerations, and the quality of available information in shaping the demand for Islamic insurance. Additionally, the study sheds light on the level of acceptance of Islamic insurance among Tunisian consumers, offering valuable insights for operators to enhance the effective management of Islamic Takaful Insurance Services. By elucidating the intricate interplay between individual perceptions and contextual factors, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer behavior within the Islamic insurance domain. These insights serve as invaluable guideposts for operators seeking to navigate the complex terrain of Islamic Takaful Insurance Services, empowering them to devise tailored strategies that resonate with consumer preferences and foster greater engagement with Islamic financial solutions.

Shared Decision-Making Aids for Pediatric Chronic Hematological and Non-Hematological Conditions: An in-Depth Literature Review

Background: Shared Decision Making (SDM) is a core component of facilitating patient-centered care. When implementing SDM, patients, parents and clinicians make health decisions together, ensuring that families are informed to make decisions based on their values and preferences. This is of particular importance among children and adolescents with chronic conditions, who are often presented with health-related decisions that can have social and psychological implications. Despite increasing recommendations for use of SDM tools, evidence-based recommendations regarding their use in clinical practice are limited. Studies suggest that barriers to SDM implementation include poor quality of information tailored to children and their families, the emotional state of the patients and their families (denial, anxious, overwhelmed, etc.), power imbalance with health care providers, and insufficient time from heavy physicians' workloads. Due to its limited implementation in clinical practice, little is known about proper approaches and outcomes of SDM tools among children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Objectives: To evaluate and summarize the literature related to how SDM tools are being studied and implemented children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions and how they influence decision making and health outcomes. Methods: A literature search was conducted for publications written in English from 2013-2023 using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Search terms included “shared decision making”, “decision aid,” “pediatrics,” “infant,” “child,” “adolescents,” and “chronic conditions” to ensure adequate representation of the available literature. Relevant articles included those that covering SDM in hematological and non-hematological chronic conditions in pediatrics. Results: Out of 171 studies identified through literature search, 35 were included. Areas in which SDM has been most studied included hematologic and oncologic conditions (n=5), asthma (n=8), autism, other neurodevelopmental disorders (n=6), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (n=4), inflammatory bowel disease (n=1), chronic kidney disease (n=2), and diabetes (n=2), organ failure (n=3), and other conditions (n=4). Of those, 20 studies were descriptive and 15 had an experimental intervention design. Only 4 studies focused on the child's role in SDM while others focused on parent or caregiver role. Implementation of SDM toolkits and patient portals help decrease asthma exacerbations and emergency room visits. Similar toolkits and decision aids developed for decision making in hematologic and respiratory disease have shown reduced decisional conflict regarding treatment choice. In contrast, researched tools developed for diabetes patients did not show improved outcomes but did reduce decisional conflict. Results demonstrate that although patient with greatest functional neurodevelopmental impairment experience less SDM, its use leads to significant improvements in severity of their condition, behavioral, and psychoeducational levels. Research on hematological conditions such as sickle cell, thalassemia, and immune thrombocytopenia all show that their patients are not experiencing SDM, or it's limited to moderate amounts. Both children and parents desire to become more active members of the decision-making progress. Perspective of physicians show that they understand this desire but face barriers such as poor quality of available information, lack of time, or the family's emotional state. Effective training tools are being studied to help enhance SDM care and overcome these obstacles. Conclusions: There is limited evidence for the implementation of pediatric-focused SDM tools in hematological and non-hematological chronic conditions. Published studies in pediatrics have been mostly descriptive and have placed little emphasis on implementation and effectiveness of shared decision-making interventions. Barriers and facilitators to SDM have been explored, but a gap in knowledge still exists regarding the proven methods for SDM. In general, available studies showed benefit in patients' health outcomes, satisfaction with decision making, and treatment adherence. Future research should involve the implementation of patient-centered SDM aids in efforts to overcome known barriers and to establish evidence-based guidelines for their use.

You are the content you consume: Level of informative content of the most commonly viewed dysphagia videos on YouTube

Individuals experiencing dysphagia frequently search for information to discover the cause or best management of their dysphagia from the internet due to delays in in-person service or lack of regional specialists. However, online information is frequently unregulated and could be inaccurate, thus potentially endangering patients. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the content quality of the top 25 videos related to dysphagia on the video streaming website YouTube (www.YouTube.com). YouTube was searched using the key term ‘dysphagia’ with the top 25 viewed videos transcribed. The videos were scored using a 10-point scoring system to determine their content quality by awarding points for each domain covered, then categorised as either strong, moderate or poor. The characteristics of each video were recorded and descriptive statistical analysis tests performed. 52% (n= 13) of the videos analysed were scored to have poor content quality, with only 20% of the videos rated as strong quality. The content rated as poor quality had the largest total number of views (2,025,299), suggesting that an individual who searches YouTube using the search term “dysphagia”, is likely to view a video of poor content quality. This study highlights that the dysphagia health information most commonly viewed on YouTube, is predominantly of poor content quality. YouTube offers a valuable opportunity for health professionals to share evidence-based, high quality health information on a variety of topics with the public. Hence, the quality of available information should be addressed to mitigate the spread of misinformation.

Robotic colorectal surgery: quality assessment of patient information available on the internet using webscraping

The primary goal of this study is to assess current patient information available on the internet concerning robotic colorectal surgery. Acquiring this information will aid in patients understanding of robotic colorectal surgery. Data was acquired through a web-scraping algorithm. The algorithm used two Python packages: Beautiful Soup and Selenium. The long-chain keywords incorporated into Google, Bing and Yahoo search engines were ‘Da Vinci Colon-Rectal Surgery’, ‘Colorectal Robotic Surgery’ and ‘Robotic Bowel Surgery’. 207 websites resulted, were sorted and evaluated according to the ensuring quality information for patients (EQIP) score. Of the 207 websites visited, 49 belonged to the subgroup of hospital websites (23.6%), 46 to medical centers (22.2%), 45 to practitioners (21.7%), 42 to health care systems (20,2%), 11 to news services (5.3%), 7 to web portals (3.3%), 5 to industry (2.4%), and 2 to patient groups (0.9%). Only 52 of the 207 websites received a high rating. The quality of available information on the internet concerning robotic colorectal surgery is low. The majority of information was inaccurate. Medical facilities involved in robotic colorectal surgery, robotic bowel surgery and related robotic procedures should develop websites with credible information to guide patient decisions.

TikTok as a source of information regarding premature ejaculation: a qualitative assessment.

Patients are increasingly looking to social media platforms for medical information. In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation (PE) on TikTok. The term "premature ejaculation" was searched on TikTok on a single day in May 2022. Videos were sorted by 3 reviewers as reliable or unreliable based on the accuracy of video content. Relevant user metrics were collected for each video, including the numbers of likes, shares, and followers, and the video length, source of upload, and speaker type. The quality of information was objectified with 2 validated tools, with mean scores obtained from the 3 reviewers, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and the 5-point modified DISCERN instrument. Outcomes were video reliability categorization, video and user metrics as described above, and video quality as quantified by PEMAT and DISCERN scores. Eight videos were categorized as reliable and 32 videos were categorized as unreliable. The mean number of "likes" per video was higher in the reliable than in the unreliable group (1238 vs 126, P < .018). Accounts posting reliable videos had higher mean numbers of followers than those posting unreliable videos (55 050 vs 12 042, P = .025). The majority of unreliable videos (75%) vs reliable videos (12.5%) were posted by self-identified patients or individual users, whereas 62.5% of reliable videos vs versus 6.3% of unreliable videos were posted by individual physicians or physician groups. Few videos overall mentioned PE definition, indications for PE treatment, types of treatment, or value of psychological intervention (12.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 5.0% of videos, respectively). Video length and number of shares did not differ between groups. Reliable videos had higher PEMAT (73.0 vs 45.1, P < .001) and DISCERN (2.7 vs 0, P < .001.) scores. There exists a critical need for enhanced quality of medical information on social media platforms in hopes of encouraging patients with impaired sexual function to seek appropriate medical care. Strengths of this study include the objective use of validated quality assessment tools and a focus on TikTok as an emerging social media platform. Limitations include large numbers of excluded videos. The quality of available information regarding PE on TikTok is low, with a significant percentage of videos on this topic fraught with inaccuracies. Given TikTok's prominence as a social media platform primarily geared toward younger audiences, we emphasize the need for improvement in the quality of information available regarding PE and its management.

Direct marketing for the implementation of the concept of sustainable development

Direct marketing is one of the most significant and effective strategies in terms of attracting a target audience interested in specific services or products. The essence of this type of marketing is that there is no need to involve specialists in intermediary services, and it is aimed only at its target group of customers. In the implementation of direct marketing, special attention is paid to the marketing information system and marketing research. It is appropriate to note that marketing, as an economic and social category, develops on the basis of continuous changes in technology, supply and demand, which predetermines the adaptability, and not at all the sustainability of the new marketing concept. A marketing information system involves the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication of market information within an organization. It collects data from both internal and external sources of the organization. All important marketing activities such as price, new product development, packaging, distribution, promotion, media, etc. depends on the information provided by that system. The availability of quality information helps organizations make more informed market decisions. Wrong decisions regarding market operations will have a negative impact on the business and hinder its survival.

Quality of information on weight loss drugs from South American websites

In the face of digital technologies that help search for health information, an assessment of the quality of available information is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of information on weight loss drugs on websites available in South America. Websites from five countries in South America, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay, were selected using the Google search tool in Portuguese and Spanish, with content about weight loss drugs. The quality of the information was analyzed using a specific health tool, while the pharmacological content was analyzed using a tool specifically created by the Delphi method. Seventy-six websites from Argentina, Brazil and Chile (20 websites each) and Colombia and Uruguay each with eight evaluated websites, were analyzed. Uruguay presented low-quality information on all websites for all the dimensions analyzed, while Brazil and Colombia presented low-quality information in the pharmacological dimension. In the final data, 92% (p = 0.9934) of the websites were considered low quality and the rest were of moderate quality. We observed low-quality information on South American websites regarding weight loss drugs where there is a risk that the user's understanding and ultimately their quality of life may be adversely affected. • Weight loss drugs websites in South America have a low quality of information. • Internet information on obesity pharmacology presented the worst quality. • The lack of regulation on the internet spreads fake news.

Analysis of the completeness of self-harm and suicide records in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2014–2016

IntroductionSuicides and suicide attempts are major public health problems, and coping strategies are hampered by insufficient or inadequate notifications. Data accuracy influences the formulation of public and mental health policies and suicide prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to analyze the completeness of self-harm and suicide records in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, 2014–2016.MethodsThis is an evaluative study with a descriptive design. The data were collected from suicide attempt records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and suicide records from the Mortality Information System. Probabilistic linkage was used to relate these databases, and the degree of completeness of the variables was calculated. Completeness was classified into the following categories: good (≥ 75.1%), regular (50.1%–75.0%), low (25.1%–50.0%), and very low (≤ 25.0%).ResultsIn the analyzed period, 1,404 notifications of self-harm were studied, with an overall mean completeness of 86.2%. In addition, 1,050 suicide records were analyzed, with an overall mean completeness of 95.8%. Most variables referring to suicide attempts had good completeness, with the exception of the variables “occupation” and “education.” The completeness of all suicide-related variables was rated as good. After linkage, a significant improvement was observed in the degree of completeness of the variable “occupation”.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the completeness of self-harm and suicide variables improved from the first to the last year. The integration of data from different information systems provides an opportunity to improve suicide prevention programs and the quality of available information. Continuous efforts to increase the completeness and reliability of suicide surveillance systems are fundamental to describe the epidemiological profile and, consequently, plan preventive actions, in addition to contributing to the development and reformulation of strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality related to suicidal behavior.

A Qualitative Analysis of Methotrexate Self-injection Education Videos on YouTube: A Change in the Right Direction.

Patients are increasingly turning to the Internet for health guidance, requiring awareness from clinicians of constantly changing resources and quality of available information. A previous study demonstrated a minority of YouTube videos were useful for teaching methotrexate (MTX) self-injection; however, YouTube content constantly evolves, and previous results may not represent current videos. This study provides an update on previous work from 2014 evaluating the quality of YouTube videos demonstrating self-administered subcutaneous MTX injections. Our aim was to evaluate how YouTube videos on MTX injection have changed and evaluate the current video quality. "Methotrexate injection" was searched on YouTube. The first 75 videos were analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. Videos were classified as useful, misleading/irrelevant, or a personal patient view and rated for reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Of the 75 videos reviewed, 12 were classified as useful (16%), 43 misleading/irrelevant (57.3%), and 20 personal patient views (26.7%). Although this represents a substantial increase from previous results in the proportion of videos deemed misleading/irrelevant (57.3% vs. 27.5%) ( p = 0.0011), their reliability and global quality scores were higher. Concordant with the previous study, only a small proportion of the total videos were deemed useful videos for MTX injection specifically. However, reliability and global quality scores for all videos increased from the previous study, suggesting more videos provide reliable information with regard to MTX overall, even if it does not speak to self-injection directly. Logistics of the YouTube algorithm may still impede access to the "best" videos for patient teaching; therefore, clinicians should be prepared to recommend strategies for patients to find high-quality videos.

Memory shapes microbial populations.

Correct decision making is fundamental for all living organisms to thrive under environmental changes. The patterns of environmental variation and the quality of available information define the most favourable strategy among multiple options, from randomly adopting a phenotypic state to sensing and reacting to environmental cues. Cellular memory-the ability to track and condition the time to switch to a different phenotypic state-can help withstand environmental fluctuations. How does memory manifest itself in unicellular organisms? We describe the population-wide consequences of phenotypic memory in microbes through a combination of deterministic modelling and stochastic simulations. Moving beyond binary switching models, our work highlights the need to consider a broader range of switching behaviours when describing microbial adaptive strategies. We show that memory in individual cells generates patterns at the population level coherent with overshoots and non-exponential lag times distributions experimentally observed in phenotypically heterogeneous populations. We emphasise the implications of our work in understanding antibiotic tolerance and, in general, bacterial survival under fluctuating environments.

Quality of YouTube Videos on Prostate Cancer Screening for Black Men.

Black men are disproportionately impacted by prostate cancer. Guidelines agree that Black men should make informed decisions about whether to engage in prostate cancer screening. YouTube is widely used among Black men and impacts understanding of health conditions. Given that misleading online health information might be especially harmful to Black men, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of information regarding prostate cancer screening for Black men available on YouTube. Four viewers watched the top 50 videos using the search term "Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men." Videos were scored using the previously validated DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Results were compared based on video characteristics like presenter perceived demographics and viewer engagement metrics. Inter-rater reliability testing showed consistency for the PEMAT (interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.69) and DISCERN (ICC= 0.85). Few videos (16%) met the DISCERN quality threshold (54.4/80), and 28% of videos met the PEMAT threshold (10.5/15). Less than half of videos addressed racial disparities in prostate cancer. There was no difference in quality based on perceived race of the presenter (DISCERN P = .06, PEMAT P = .43). The overall quality of videos about prostate cancer screening in Black men is poor, including those with Black presenters. Clinicians should be aware of potential misinformation that Black patients receive from YouTube and the opportunity to improve the quality of available information about prostate cancer screening in Black men.

Рекомендации предельно-допустимых объемов выпуска водных биологических ресурсов: нормативное регулирование и практическая реализация

The addition of natural reproduction of hydrobionts by the fish farming to provide a fishery resources and preserve the biological diversity of water ecosystems. Fish farming based on scientific recommendations in Russia according to federal legislation. The need to develop scientific recommendations has been related to the fact conditions of each water body determine the number of fish juveniles that can be provided with conditions for their growth. Currently, the term "maximum permissible volumes of release" (PDOV) used in regulatory documents governing the development of recommendations for fish farming. At the same time, the definition of this term is not given in the legislation, which implies its interpretation. The lack of explicit wording of the term makes it possible to use a variety of approaches and methods in the preparation of recommendations. Аs expected, the use of different methods gives different results. There is debate about the eligibility of applying different approaches when discussing the results, since each expert has a different view on the problem of determining the maximum permissible number for release. This situation indicates the need to approve unified methodological approaches to assessing the maximum permissible number of fish juveniles to release. It is necessary to supplement governing document with provisions in which, based on the availability and quality of available information on the reproduction conditions and the feed base of juvenile fish, existing methodological approaches to determining the maximum permissible number for release, various levels of information support can be distinguished to substantiate the maximum permissible number of fish juveniles.

Choice and Trade-offs: Parent Decision Making for Neurotechnologies for Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

This qualitative study investigated factors that guide caregiver decision making and ethical trade-offs for advanced neurotechnologies used to treat children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Caregivers with affected children were recruited to semi-structured focus groups or interviews at one of 4 major epilepsy centers in Eastern and Western Canada and the USA (n = 22). Discussions were transcribed and qualitative analytic methods applied to examine values and priorities (eg, risks, benefits, adherence, invasiveness, reversibility) of caregivers pertaining to novel technologies to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Discussions revealed 3 major thematic branches for decision making: (1) features of the intervention-risks and benefits, with an emphasis on an aversion to perceived invasiveness; (2) decision drivers-trust in the clinical team, treatment costs; and (3) quality of available information about neurotechnological options. Overall, caregivers' definition of treatment success is more expansive than seizure freedom. The full involvement of their values and priorities must be considered in the decision-making process.

The Incomplete, Outdated, Incorrect, and Unknown: Mitigating Threats of Knowledge Errors in High-Performance Primary Care

Professional service work (e.g., health care, law, accounting, management consulting) is knowledge-intensive and client-dependent for the quantity and quality of available information. Knowledge er...

The structuring of cash flow information as part of strategic management accounting

Subject. Considered together with assets, liabilities, financial results, cash flows give a comprehensive view of the company's position and its market value. Such estimates are important for strategic management and should be based on the reliable information, which may proceed from strategic management reporting. Objectives. I outline aspects for structuring the cash flow information as part of strategic management reporting. Methods. Practical recommendations are based on proceedings of the Russian and foreign scholars, methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results. The article presents methodological principles for structuring the cash flow information, which are focused on aspects, subjects of strategic control and regulation, key strategic benchmarks of net cash flows, its balance, significance for key strategic values, as they shape the structure, content and purpose of the strategic management statement on cash flows. Conclusions and Relevance. The aspects for structuring the cash flow information help develop methodological principles for strategic management reporting and accounting and improve the quality of information supplied for strategic management. The findings are of practical significance for enhancing strategic management reporting on cash flows so as to improve the quality of available information for assessing the financial position and an increment of the market value of a company.

Benefícios e dificuldades a partir da implementação do SPED: um estudo com profissionais de contabilidade.

The general objective of the study was to identify the benefits and difficulties coming from the implementation of SPED (Public System of Digital Bookkeeping) in the perception of accounting professionals in Fortaleza / CE. The quantitative research analyzed data collected through a survey applied to 140 accounting professionals in the city of Fortaleza - CE. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used. The results indicated that, among the benefits identified after the implementation of SPED, the most evidenced by accounting professionals in Fortaleza was the availability of quality information, while the most punctuated difficulty was the lack of knowledge about the software in the area. Thus, the relevance of SPED in accounting for information was verified. However, it is necessary that accounting professionals be in a process of constant improvement of their skills, including the ones in the technological area. In addition, these professionals, being aware of their difficulties in relation to SPED, can mitigate them and, consequently, contribute to society as they help to fulfill the tax requirements in relation to taxpayers.

Microsurgery Fellowship Website and Social Media Presence: Are Programs Optimizing Recruitment Strategy?

Microsurgery fellowship applicants make decisions for future training based on information obtained from colleagues, mentors, and microsurgery fellowship program Websites (MFWs). In this study, we sought to evaluate the accessibility and quality of available information by microsurgery programs by analyzing the most commonly used web resources and social media outlets for applicants. The San Francisco (SF) Match and American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery Websites were queried in April 2020 for microsurgery fellowship programs (MFPs) participating in the SF Match. Twenty-two independent variables of information were assessed on MFWs based on previously published data. Social media presence was also assessed by querying Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for official hospital, plastic surgery residency, and microsurgery fellowship accounts. All 24 MFWs participating in the SF Match had a webpage. Program description, faculty listing, operative volume, and eligibility requirements were listed for all programs (100%). The majority of MFWs listed affiliated hospitals (75%), provided a link to the fellowship application (66.7%), listed interview dates (66.7%), and highlighted research interests (50%). A minority of MFWs provided information on conference schedule (37.5%), current fellow listing (25%), previous fellow listing (16.67%), and positions held by previous fellows (8.33%). No MFWs (0%) presented information on selection process, or rotation schedule.All hospitals with an MFP had a Facebook page and nearly all had Instagram (83.3%) and Twitter accounts (95.8%). Plastic surgery residency programs at the same institution of an MFP had social media presence on Facebook (38.9%), Twitter (38.9%), and Instagram (66.7%). Only three MFPs had Facebook accounts (12.5%) and none had Instagram or Twitter accounts. As the field of microsurgery continues to grow, the need for effective recruitment and training of microsurgeons continues to be essential. Overall, we conclude that both the accessibility and quality of information available to applicants are limited, which is a missed opportunity for recruitment.

Організація бухгалтерського обліку операцій з пов’язаними особами

Due to the development of market relations and the entry of the national economy into the international market, the domestic accounting system requires the development and implementation of such accounting and reporting methodology that meets international standards. Particular attention should be paid to reflecting the calculations with affiliates by fixing and accumulating synthetic and analytical accounting information. Successful activity of enterprises depends on the availability of quality information used by management personnel in the process of making management decisions. Timely and accurate disclosure of data on transactions with affiliates requires the elaboration of a large volume of indicators, their classification and structuring, which is impossible without proper organization of the accounting system. When organizing the system of accounting for transactions with affiliates, we need to determine the necessary level of data analytics, specify the indicators of economic activity of the entity that are necessary for display and analysis. An important step is to develop a business plan for an entity's accounting for its related party transactions, and to encode the documents required to display these transactions. In addition, it is necessary to determine the methods of measuring assets and liabilities that will be accepted for use in transactions with affiliates. The peculiarity of the developed structural and logical model of coding of accounting accounts is that the Work Plan of accounts formed on its basis will allow to keep records of transactions with affiliated parties with the allocation of the required level of analytics for each individual business entity. To ensure the quality of accounting data on transactions with related parties, the registration of primary documents should be carried out according to the developed structural and logical model of coding of primary documents, which will allow grouping of affiliated parties by type of relationship and by counterparties. The analysis of the main criteria for the formation of an effective system of accounting and reporting of the business entity proved the need to record and accumulate synthetic and analytical accounting information about the business relationships of the enterprise with its related parties.