Auxiliary Personnel Research Articles

A reflective approach to educational “design”

The purpose of this article is to offer a comprehensive outline of the intents, processes and results of a research, training and experimentation project which involved educators, teachers, pedagogists and external trainers. This project resulted in a long process of redefinition of a “design approach to education within a network of municipality-run infant-toddlers centres and preschools located within the Province of Reggio Emilia (IT). If we conceive “progettazione” (design) as a research-oriented approach, as an educational and training process in which the aspects of “progettazione”, action and evaluation constantly intertwine, “progettazione” turns into a strategy that sustains the collaborative construction of the knowledge of both adults and children together. Our experience was about acting out a projectural structure with the potential to generate change and characterised by systematic and recursive processes of observation, documentation, evaluation (interpretation) and feedback about the learning experience and the processes implemented therein. In particular, the processes of evaluation and self-evaluation utilised by the team, and deeply connected to the phases of reflection and meaning-building, provided room for the articulation of the strategies employed and for the levels of knowledge progressively acquired by the children. The intent of defining our design approach highlighted the necessity of recognizing the fundamental importance of some underlying structures of the pedagogical project, which constituted the starting point of our reflections: the educational context, the relation between families and educational institutions, the team group (made up of educators, teachers, auxiliary personnel, “atelierista” and pedagogical coordinator). In order to build new competences and new viewpoints, teachers slowly veered towards a different posture: that of a curious researcher who managed to elaborate the itineraries to knowledge and acquire a new awareness generated by common learning spaces thanks to continuous interchange between action and reflection in cooperation with one’s colleagues.

Physicians and Iatrogenism from the Philosophy of Medicine to the Sociology of Health

In pre-modern times, health services provided by traditional healers such as clergymen, healers, and herbalists were conducted by professionalss specialized in modern medicine such as physicians and auxiliary health personnel. Although modern Western medicine has developed in many areas, it has been criticized severely. The most important of these criticisms is the unquestionable structure of modern medicine and the methods and techniques used by physicians in the treatment processes in connection with this structure. These criticisms are termed with the concept of iatrogenesis, and criticisms against both modern medicine and physicians are becoming sharper. In this study, the forms of iatrogenesis produced by modern medicine in general and by physicians in particular will be discussed from the perspective of medical philosophy and health sociology. In addition, the relationship between physicians and iatrogenism will be evaluated in the context of recently discussed issues such as patient-physician relations, commercialization of health services, construction of the patient as a customer, pharmaceutical industry and guided scientific studies, excessive use of drugs and medical devices, medicalization of life, gaining popularity of traditional treatment methods.

A New Perspective on the Scientific Heritage of the Academic Expeditions. Review of the Monograph by I.A. Shipilov “Academic Expeditions of the 18th Century. The Role of Auxiliary Personnel in the Study of Siberia” (Novosibirsk, 2023)

A New Perspective on the Scientific Heritage of the Academic Expeditions. Review of the Monograph by I.A. Shipilov “Academic Expeditions of the 18th Century. The Role of Auxiliary Personnel in the Study of Siberia” (Novosibirsk, 2023)

주성분 분석을 활용한 우리나라 치과위생사 인력의 수급 지수 제안

An imbalance in Korea between the supply and demand for auxiliary dental personnel has led to a growing shortage of dental hygienists in clinics. Despite the annual graduation of approximately 5,000 dental hygienists, the number of registered dental hygienists stands at 83,817 as of 2019, and the number of active practitioners account for only half of this total. This study aimed to address issues related to the supply and demand of dental hygienists and develop a regional dental hygienist supply-and-demand index. The research data included the number of dental clinics, graduates from dental hygiene departments, and job openings for dental hygienists on employment websites. Unsupervised machine learning-based principal component analysis, a statistical technique that synthesizes the essence of features from correlated factors, was used for data analysis. The results of developing a dental hygienist supply-and-demand index using principal component analysis revealed a low correlation of the index with the number of graduates from dental hygiene departments, and the highest correlation with the number of dental clinics. The data used and delivered in this study are expected to support the accumulation of knowledge for and the future development of a more accurate index.

Influenza and Covid-19 Vaccination in 2023: a descriptive analysis in two Italian Research and Teaching Hospitals. Is the On-Site strategy effective?

Vaccinations represent an extremely effective tool for the prevention of certain infectious diseases - such as influenza and COVID-19 -, particularly for those categories at risk due to both their frail condition or professional exposure, such as healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to describe the course of the anti-influenza and anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign at two Research Hospitals in Milan, Italy. Multicentre, cross-sectional study. For the 2023-24 vaccination campaign, the two facilities opted for two different approaches. At the Hospital A, two dif-ferent strategies for vaccinating healthcare workers were implemented: a fixed-site vaccination clinic and two mobile vaccination groups run by Public Health residents of the University of Milan. At the Hospital B, on the other hand, a single fixed-site outpatient clinic run by Public Health residents of the University of Milan was used. On the occasion of the campaign, a survey was also carried out using anonymous online questionnaires to investigate healthcare workers attitudes towards vaccination. A total of 1,937 healthcare workers were vaccinated: 756 were immunized against influenza only, 99 against COVID-19 only, and 1,082 against both. The results show a substantial difference in vaccination adherence among medical and nursing staff compared to other professional categories. In particular, the category with the highest vaccination adhesion turned out to be that of medical doctors with 55.7% adhesion while, on the contrary, the category with the lowest adhesion turned out to be that of auxiliary personnel characterized by 7.4% adhesion. At the same time, the comparison between the two hospital facilities showed a double adherence rate by the staff of Hospital A as regards both the flu vaccine (40.6% and 20.1%) and the anti-COVID-19 vaccine (26.4% and 12.3%). Finally, the survey showed that the attitude towards influenza vaccination is lower among auxiliary staff in terms of both knowledge and vaccination attitude. The results of the study show a vaccination adherence in line with that of previous years, although lower than the values recommended by the principal national and international Organizations. The analysis of the differences between the two facilities and the surveys carried out will allow for the implementation of targeted interventions to increase adherence in future campaigns.

Canadian Codes of Medical Ethics as a Source of Law

The article discusses the codes of medical ethics which are adopted in Canada. These acts are not ‘classical’ normative-legal acts, since they are adopted not by legislative bodies, but rather by medical associations, and are aimed at providing rules on the professional conduct of physicians and auxiliary medical personnel; occasionally, they also feature the rules concerning the rights and duties of patients. The article’s sources include the codes of medical ethics adopted in Canada, Canadian court judgments, and academic literature.

Research on the Justification of Police Auxiliary Personnel Being the Object of Assaulting Police

Research on the Justification of Police Auxiliary Personnel Being the Object of Assaulting Police

Morbidity with temporal disability in workers engaged in refined copper production

Introduction. High ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and resistance to corrosion determine a high demand of the national economy for refined copper, thus necessitating a comprehensive study of the occupational environment and health status in workers employed in this branch of non-ferrous metallurgy. 
 The purpose of our study was to assess the morbidity with temporal disability in workers engaged in the fire and electrolytic refining of copper. 
 Materials and methods. Morbidity with temporal disability in both male and female workers was studied by means of its detailed personal record at one of the large copper refineries of the Middle Urals. 
 Results. Among those engaged in copper smelting, the highest morbidity with temporal disability rates per one hundred workers were registered among repairers and auxiliary personnel (95.3 sick leave episodes and 1,147.8 days) in men and among overhead crane operators (52.8 episodes and 657.6 days) in women. In the copper electrolysis shop, the highest rates were noted among both men (86.7 episodes and 954.0 days) and women (77.8 episodes and 841.2 days) constituting the core personnel. We established that in the study cohort lung diseases ranked first among the causes of the morbidity with temporal disability followed by musculoskeletal diseases.
 Limitations. Such a study is feasible only at the enterprises that record and measure morbidity with temporal disability due to work.
 Conclusions. Our findings may indicate work-relation of morbidity with temporal disability in male repairers and auxiliary personnel, as well as female crane operators engaged in fire refining of copper and in both male and female core personnel engaged in electrolytic refining.

P124: Side-rails as a measure of physical restraint. Perception of healthcare professionals belonging to Nursing Department. GERBAR study.

Objective:The use of side-rails from the headboard to the foot of both sides of the bed (from now on “the rails”) is the most used tool to prevent falls in our hospital setting. However, its consideration as physical restraint in the different international consensus is not clear. In the GERBAR study (NCT04861025), we intend to evaluate the perception of the rails as a measure of physical restraint, both by hospitalized users and by the health personnel who care for them. The trial is being performed at the Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedes-Garraf, CSAPG (Barcelona, Spain). In this report we show partial results of the data obtained from the health personnel belonging to Nursing Department.Methods:An online poll has been carried out through the intranet and corporate emails in the last two months of 2022. All the people who works as health personnel at the CSAPG (1652 people) have been invited to this poll.Results:We obtained a total of 246 responses, of which 27 responses have been removed for not being completed correctly. 152 responses were made by health personnel attached to the Nursing Department: 72 auxiliary nursing personnel (15.38% of the total CSAPG professionals in this professional group) and 80 nurses (14.47%). Proportion of job seniority greater than two years was 74.34% (69.44% auxiliary personnel, 78.75% nurses). 91.67% have been women with a median age of 40.87 years. 46.40% of this sample does not considered the rails as physical restraints (50% auxiliary personnel and 41.25% nurses). When analyzing by job seniority, 48.72% of the professionals with <2 years of seniority does not consider the rails as a physical restraint (44.25% in those with >=2 years). Professional group and job seniority were not significantly associated with perception of the rails as a physical restraint (chi-square 1.17, p 0.2793 for professional group and chi-square 0.23, p 0.6288 for job seniority).Conclusion:An important proportion of health professional belonging to Nursing Department does not consider the rails as a physical restraint. This perception was not related to the professional group or job seniority.

Teamwork and safety climate in Polish long-term care facilities: questionnaire reliability and usability

The Teamwork and Safety Climate Survey (TSCS) is one of the questionnaires used to measure patient safety. The questionnaire includes two scales: teamwork climate and safety climate. The objective of the study is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the TSCS to Polish conditions and checking the reliability and usability of the tool in long-term care facilities. Firstly, the TSCS was translated into Polish. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical and auxiliary personnel of long-term care facilities all over Poland. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analysed (including Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). Correlations between the areas of the questionnaire and individual variables relating to facility parameters were also calculated. Respondents (n = 558) working in 26 different long-term care facilities participated in the study. The analysis has provided four scales instead of two of the original version of the questionnaire (teamwork climate, safety climate, ability to speak up and following the rules, work organisation). Correlation analysis revealed a number of significant correlations between the scales and individual variables corresponding to the parameters of long-term care facilities and respondents themselves. In conclusion, the Polish version of the TSCS may be a useful tool to measure aspects related to patient safety culture in long-term care facilities.

Academic expeditions of the 18th century as the most important stage in the scientific exploration of Siberia. Review of the book by I. A. Shipilov “Academic expeditions of the 18th century: the role of auxiliary personnel in the study of Siberia”

The article analyzes the main problems of organization and activities of academic expeditions in Siberia in the 18th century, the study of which is devoted to the monograph by I.A.Shipilov. The research of a young Siberian historian convincingly proves that academic expeditions to Siberia were a factor in the development of science and the modernization of Russia. As a result of recreating the activities of the auxiliary personnel of the expeditions, the author of the monograph managed not only to show the composition of this personnel, but also to explore its role in the scientific study, political and economic development of Siberia. I.A.Shipilov shows the process of formation of individual representatives of the support staff of academic expeditions in outstanding Russian scientists – S.P.Krasheninnikov, A.D.Krasilnikov, N.P.Sokolov, V.F.Zuev and others.

Comparison between Lung Ultrasound and Chest Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Severity of Confirmed Coronavirus COVID-19 Pneumonia

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in the Chinese province of Wuhan and then rapidly spread worldwide, to be declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has a genome similar to that of the RNA virus group that caused SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Aim of the Work The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between LUS and CT findings in SARS-CoV-2 infection, to assess the performance of lung ultrasound (LUS) to classify lung abnormalities and to evaluate the possibility of using this technique to provide a quantitative assessment of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods This was a cross sectional study that included 30 patients who had symptoms of variable degree of fever, cough, and dyspnea with RT-PCR confirmed COVID19 infection by nasopharyngeal swab on admission or during hospitalisation either at ward or intensive care unit (ICU) at Ain Shams University Hospitals and National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute from May 2021 to March 2022, for whom CT chest was ordered before admission. An acceptance from the ethical committee of the Radiology Department and the ethical committee of Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University and NHTMRI was obtained to use the data stored on PACS with the patient’s consent to perform lung ultrasound. Patients who did not perform PCR test, age <18years, those with known history of interstitial lung disease or with previous lung and thoracic wall surgery, anatomically having thoracic wall abnormalities and patients who did not consent to participate in the study were not included in the study. Results This study showed that in a sample of patients with PCR proven COVID-19, Patients with respiratory symptoms or comorbidities tended to have more changes on LUS and more extensive disease on CT. There was a relationship between the abnormalities detected by the imaging modalities; In addition, LUS score is associated with severity as assessed by chest CT scan and clinical features Conclusion The advantages of ultrasonography compared to CT include portability, no exposure to radiation (pregnant women and patients with extra risk for radiation use), low cost, no need for auxiliary personnel, and repeatability. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to CT chest in severe cases (especially ICU cases).

Strategy on precision medicine multidisciplinary team in clinical practice

AbstractBackgroundThe multidisciplinary team (MDT) of precision medicine refers to an expert group composed of experts from multiple disciplines, which uses the concept of precision medicine to regularly discuss related diseases, in order to solve difficult clinical problems and put forward feasible personalized treatment schemes for patients.Methods and resultsThe composition and function of precision medicine MDT is defined based on our clinical practice. MDT consists of core fixed members, extended members, auxiliary personnel and secretary. The overall workflow of MDT includes patient selection, organization, discussion and follow‐up. Under this workflow, our MDT team handled many cases, and some of them have been reported.ConclusionWe focused on the strategy analysis on multidisciplinary team of precision medicine including composition, function, management, and criteria, hoping to provide a novel and standardized treatment mode for patients.

Lifestyle and level of anxiety in the nursing staff of a second level Hospital in the municipality of San Gil in times of COVD-19

Introduction: Anxiety is a feeling in which symptoms such as anxiety, fear, restlessness are manifested that can interfere, for the most part, with life activities, I would say. One of the great factors with which it can be related is with the lifestyle that people lead since this defines how physical and mental health is carried. Objective: To determine the relationship between lifestyle and anxiety level in the nursing staff of a second-class hospital in the municipality of San Gil in times of COVID-19. Methods: A study of a quantitative-descriptive-correlational type was carried out in 60 nurses from the regional hospital of San Gil, including professional and auxiliary personnel, who worked from the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic to the present, the scale of generalized anxiety (GAD-7) and according to the data to those who showed anxiety, the lifestyle profile scale (FIFO-19) was applied. Results: Of the 60 nurses, 43.3% presented anxiety, 90% are women, the age range from 26 to 40 years of age with a percentage of 65%. Of the 43.3% of personnel who presented anxiety, 65.4% showed that they had an adequate lifestyle. Conclusions: All the nursing personnel, the sex that predominated the most was the female sex and in which the majority of anxiety was evidenced, the lifestyle is not related to the anxiety levels in the population.

Broadening the Lens of Procedural Justice Beyond the Courtroom: A Case Study of Legal Financial Obligations in the Juvenile Court

Procedural justice research has shown how people’s experiences with courtroom actors, such as judges, defense attorneys, and prosecutors, shape their views of the justice system and its legitimacy. However, less is known about how people’s experiences outside the courtroom that relate to their cases shape their views of this system. Based on forty-one interviews with twenty-one youths and twenty parents in Dane County, Wisconsin about their legal financial obligations (also known as monetary sanctions), this study broadens the focus of procedural justice to include another key aspect to people’s experiences with the law beyond the courtroom: their experiences navigating bureaucratic aspects to their youths’ cases and their interactions with non-court staff (e.g., clerks, Human Services, and community agencies), otherwise known as “auxiliary personnel” (Feeley 1979) or “street-level bureaucrats” (Lipsky 2010/1980). We focus on legal financial obligations as a case study to show this multi-agency view of procedural justice as it reveals the families’ often disjointed experiences with justice staff both inside and outside of the courtroom.

Observations and experiences of pediatric surgeons working on the field in the first 7 days of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake.

This study aims to share our experiences and problems, and to suggest solutions as pediatric surgeons who took part in the teams that went voluntarily to the region hit by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake during the first 7 days after the disaster. This study conveys our observations made at Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, where we worked as a volunteer team between February 7 and 14, 2023. During the first few days, there were registration problems due to lack of electricity, water, and internet, as well as issues with sterile surgical environments. In the following days, a lack of auxiliary health personnel was revealed as the main difficulty. Since coordination is important when working as a team in the aftermath of an earthquake, staff from the same center should be deployed together if possible, and a team leader should be selected. Alternative recording systems should be established in case of power outages and computer problems. Secretaries, auxiliary health staff, and technicians should be included in the team in addition to doctors and nurses.

Okul Müdürlerinin Okul Yönetiminde Karşılaştıkları Yönetsel Sorunların Araştırılması

The aim of this study is to determine the management problems faced by primary school principals and to develop solutions to the problems encountered in school management as a result of the findings. The research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological pattern in terms of the techniques used in data collection. The study group of the research consists of school principals working in public schools in Arnavutköy district of Istanbul province under the Ministry of National Education in the 2020-2021 academic year. Maximum variation sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used to collect data from the study group. An interview form was used as a data collection tool and 28 school principals were interviewed. Codings were created according to the similarity of the answers given in the interview. School administrators were given a code and their views on the problems they encountered were included. The data were analyzed by determining the themes and sub-themes and the results were interpreted. According to the results of the research, school principals face many problems in school management. Inadequacy of auxiliary personnel in schools, inadequacy of course materials, problems experienced in student enrollment and continuation, not being able to support schools economically, not being able to allocate time for education due to physical deficiencies are the most common problems Key Words: School Principal, School Management, Administrative Problems

Characteristics of older people who have an intention to work as assistance personnel for long-term care or childcare

Objectives With the rapid progress of aging society and decreasing population, there is a shortage of workers in various areas, which has become a serious problem especially in the welfare field, for long-term care and childcare. As one of the countermeasures, some efforts are being made to hire people who are living independent daily lives, as auxiliary personnel, and have them take charge of non-specialized peripheral work of the facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of older adults who have an intention to work as auxiliary personnel in the welfare field.Methods A self-response questionnaire survey was conducted from October to November 2019 for 374 members of "REPRINTS" who are picture-book reading volunteers, aged 60 years or more, and are living in the capital area. There were 295 valid responses. We performed logistic regression analysis using the presence or absence of intention to work for long-term care assistance and for childcare assistance as the dependent variables. The missing values were supplemented by the multiple imputation method (10 files were created).Results The results of analysis revealed that 24.9% of the respondents had an intention to work for long-term care assistance, and 36.6% for childcare assistance. From the results of logistic regression analysis, it was found that among those intending to work in long-term care assistance, participants involved in lifelong learning activities had significantly higher intention to work (OR: 2.98, 95%CI: 1.40-6.34). Among those intending to work in childcare assistance, those with a high subjective sense of health had a significantly higher intention to work (OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.01-5.76).Conclusion The intention of work for childcare assistance was higher than that for long-term care assistance. A notable characteristic of older people willing to work as assistants in the welfare field is that those who participate in lifelong learning activities would be willing to actively work for long-term care assistance, and those with high subjective health would be willing to actively work for childcare assistance. By focusing on the older people with these characteristics, we may be able to contribute to identifying the those among them who want to work as assistant personnel.

Stressor Factors for Spanish Nursing Students in a Pandemic Context: An Observational Pilot Survey.

Background: The context of the pandemic in Spain meant a high demand for care. The purpose of this pilot work was to determine the stress factors, conducted on final-year nursing students at a Spanish university, who volunteered to carry out healthcare tasks, in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts. Methods: An observational prospective cohort pilot survey was conducted with an intentional sampling of the forty-seven students. We collected sociodemographic and stressor data using the validated KEZKAK questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. Results: The median scores obtained from nursing students incorporated as auxiliary health workers are lower than those who were not incorporated, and statistically significant differences were found: lack of skills and abilities (p = 0.016); relationship with tutors and colleagues (p = 0.004); impotence and uncertainty (p = 0.011); inability to manage the relationship with the patient (p = 0.009); emotional involvement (p = 0.032); distress caused by the relationship with patients and item overload (p = 0.039); and overload items (p = 0.011). The post-pandemic only maintained “lack of skill and abilities” (p = 0.048), from nursing students incorporated as auxiliary health workers. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that nursing students who joined as auxiliary health personnel presented less perceived stress than non-incorporated nursing students. Still, more prospectively designed clinical research is needed.

Survey on Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Medically Under-Resourced Country.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for intensive care personnel. Romania has a low number of physicians per inhabitant. The stress of pandemics upon an already weak medical health system triggered some psychological effects upon burnt-out personnel. The main objective is to provide an insight into the psychological status of Romanian ICU personnel by evaluating their level of anxiety. The secondary objectives aim to identify the level of post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety in different groups and to identify the personnel most affected psychologically. This study enrolled adult responders from the ICU of Târgu Mureș Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Romania, participating voluntarily. The evaluation tests were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Post-Traumatic Stress Test. Out of the 126 eligible participants, 87 adult employees were enrolled—with a 69% response rate. The study comprised three groups: doctors, nurses, and auxiliary personnel. All three groups scored for moderate anxiety symptoms. COVID-19-related anxiety was strongly correlated with age and number of working years in all groups. Increased PTSD scores were observed in doctors and nurses. All ICU personnel who dealt with COVID-19 patients presented with moderate anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The years of ICU experience had a positive impact on anxiety symptoms.