Auxiliary Measures Research Articles

Versatile Duck Traveler Optimization (VDTO) Algorithm Using Triple Segmentation Methods for Mammogram Image Segmentation to Improving Accuracy

Research about breast cancer consciousness has discovered that social and strict issues imply that ladies don’t get to health administrations, are reluctant to counsel male specialists despite the fact in their relatives particularly couldn’t discuss with husbands also. Breast tumor analysis is rarely simple; it is particularly hard when the lady is in her age of 30’s and has recently begun arranging a future for herself and her family. Hence, a new Meta heuristic Duck traveller optimization algorithm is used to segment the breast tumor to help the doctors to disease diagnosis. Methods: Selecting the best duck from given duck flock is an example of optimization. Optimizing the threshold values VDTO based multilevel thresholding (VDTO-MTH) algorithm is introduced to segmenting the cancer. Desired region of the breast is determined by using VDTO based Region Growing (VDTO-ROI) to highlighting the tumor region. To improving the segmentation results VDTO with K-Means Clustering is proposed (VDTO-K means). Results: The performance results of EDTO are evaluated by using the quality metrics accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure. Conclusion: It is assessed that high mortality because of breast tumor in India would increment throughout the long term. Hence, these calculations discover a terrible requirement for starting essential and auxiliary counteraction measures for the control of breast tumor in our country.

Electrochemical discharge machining for fabricating holes in conductive materials: A review

With the increasing requirements for accuracy and integrity of machining under severe application environment, electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) has evolved continuously for fabricating micro-holes. The method can be categorized into two types based on whether the material being machined is electrically conductive or non-conductive. Most research to date has been focused on non-conductive materials, with numerous introductory review articles. However, despite a growing number of studies of machining conductive materials, there is a lack of systematic analyses and summaries. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill an important gap in the literature by presenting a comprehensive review of the research and development of ECDM technology for processing conductive materials, especially micro-holes. First, the characteristics of this method are summarized. Second, the development of this method and the mechanism of discharge are compared and analyzed. Third, a discussion is given on how machining performance is affected by parameters such as solution conductivity, electrical parameters, tool electrode structure, and workpiece material. Also, to enhance the machining quality, some auxiliary ECDM measures are presented. Finally, future prospects and trends of ECDM are identified.

Inflation Measurement and its Assessment in the Ecb's Monetary Policy Strategy Review

This paper – which takes into consideration overall experience with the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) as well as the improvements made to this measure of inflation since 2003 – finds that the HICP continues to fulfil the prerequisites for the index underlying the ECB’s definition of price stability. Nonetheless, there is scope for enhancing the HICP, especially by including owner-occupied housing (OOH) using the net acquisitions approach. Filling this long-standing gap is of utmost importance to increase the coverage and cross-country comparability of the HICP. In addition to integrating OOH into the HICP, further improvements would be welcome in harmonisation, especially regarding the treatment of product replacement and quality adjustment. Such measures may also help reduce the measurement bias that still exists in the HICP. Overall, a knowledge gap concerning the exact size of the measurement bias of the HICP remains, which calls for further research. More generally, the paper also finds that auxiliary inflation measures can play an important role in the ECB’s economic and monetary analyses. This applies not only to analytical series including OOH, but also to measures of underlying inflation or a cost of living index. JEL Classification: C43, C52, C82, E31, E52

Projections of measures with small supports

Abstract In this paper, we use a characterization of the mutual multifractal Hausdorff dimension in terms of auxiliary measures to investigate the projections of measures with small supports.

Physical Activity Among Urban-Living Middle-Aged and Older Japanese During the Build-Up to the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games: A Population Study.

This research examines physical activity (PA) parameters among urban-living middle-aged and older Japanese during the Tokyo Olympic build-up period. Population sampling was employed, and an online survey was administered with 4,000 adults across Japan's five largest cities. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form constituted the main outcome variable, with auxiliary measures of Olympic interest and engagement, readiness for PA behavior change, perceived environmental barriers, and demographic information. Despite interest in the Olympics (>60% moderate-high interest), planned engagement with the event was low (>70% planned passive engagement). Higher levels of interest and planned engagement were both significantly correlated with greater self-reported PA participation (p < .001). Across the sample, the PA levels were in the low-moderate range (990 metabolic equivalent of task-min/week), with significant variations observed by the age-cohort and geographic area (p < .001). Age-cohort and geographic variations were also identified with regard to readiness for PA behavior change and perceived environmental barriers to activity (p < .001). Older age (65 years and above) and host city (Tokyo) residence emerged as correlates of higher levels of PA, greater readiness for behavior change, and fewer reported barriers to participation. These findings have implications for Olympic legacy management and successful transitions from middle age to later life in Japan.

Effect of truss installation sequence on deviation during launching of a box–truss girder

Steel box–truss composite girders (BTCGs) are generally used on cable-stayed railway bridges – the steel box with a truss on top together provide the stiffness and resistance to the applied bending moments and axial forces of the girder. When subjected to strict construction period requirements, the box and truss should be constructed at the same time to shorten the construction period. In order to avoid excessive initial installation stresses caused by auxiliary measures, adjusting the upper chord members of the truss installation sequence was investigated. The results of finite-element analysis and a practical application proved the validity of the method. The assembly error of the upper chords can be reduced to within 3 mm, meeting the requirements of field assembly. At the same time, the method can effectively reduce the free-end deflection of the launching nose during the sequential launching construction of the BTCG. The method shortened the construction period of Yuxi River Bridge by 5–6 months.

The effectiveness of plain packaging in discouraging tobacco consumption in Australia.

The removal of all branding and promotions from tobacco products, known as 'plain packaging', is intended to decrease tobacco consumption. Here we examine the effectiveness of Australia's plain packaging law, which coincided with a change in graphic and text health warnings, by using nationally indicative data 5 years post implementation. We measured the effect of the law on smoking prevalence, tobacco expenditure, expenditure intensity and quantity of tobacco consumed, using New Zealand as a control country in a difference-in-differences research design. We uncover a substitution effect that is robust to different specifications and control countries. In response to the policy, smokers switched from more expensive to cheaper cigarettes and reduced their overall tobacco expenditure and expenditure intensity. However, as smoking became less costly, smokers consumed more cigarettes. To discourage such substitution and to help the policy achieve its intended outcomes, policymakers should consider implementing auxiliary measures, such as taxes or price floors.

The Psychological Decision-Making Process Model of Giving up Driving under Parking Constraints from the Perspective of Sustainable Traffic

Parking restrictions can affect the use of cars and become an effective means to promote the sustainable development of urban traffic. To understand the influencing factors of car owners giving up driving due to parking constraints, the research constructs a theoretical model of psychological decision process about giving up driving under parking constraints, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and taking the public transit perception as a mediating variable, considering psychological factors. The empirical data were used to verify and modify the model by the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method, and finally the model was determined. The result shows that the choice of travel mode under the constraint of parking berth is not only affected by individual social and economic attributes and travel mode characteristics, but also by psychological latent variables such as behavioral attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, public transportation perception and behavior intention. The subjective norms of car owners about giving up driving have a positive effect on perceived behavioral control and behavioral attitude; perceived behavior control also has an effect on behavior attitude; the behavior attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavior control all have positive effects on the behavior intention of giving up driving due to parking constraints, among which public transit perception plays a positive adjustable intermediary role. The Integration of Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) model considering psychological latent variables has a higher fitting degree to empirical data than the traditional Multinomial Logit (MNL) model. Based on the analysis results, some suggestions for auxiliary measures to implement the optimization strategy of parking supply are put forward.

An Overview of Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Development of Glaucoma

Glaucoma, the second-leading cause of blindness worldwide, silently and without warning can cause disabling vision loss that result from damage to the eye's optic nerve. Glaucoma is characterized by Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow as well as compromised antioxidant defense systems have also been implicated. Researchers have found nutrient interventions may impact this vision-robbing glaucoma. Nutrients that can influence GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in high doses has also been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for glaucoma include antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, caffeine, melatonin and herbs etc. Role of dietary fats and proteins in glaucoma is an emerging field of research with potential therapeutic benefits. Diabetics and persons without diabetes but at the higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c may also be at greater risk of glaucoma suggesting that dietary sugars also play a role in development of glaucoma. Similarly, Mediterranean diet and Caloric restriction are safe, non-invasive and low-cost treatments which may be used as auxiliary measures for a long-term therapy of age-related eye diseases such as glaucoma. In this review, various modifiable nutrient factors, that may influence intraocular pressure and that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing glaucoma are discussed. This review also outlines future directions for research into the primary prevention of glaucoma.

Front-End Electronics for the SiPM-Readout Gaseous TPC for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Search

We have developed a dedicated front-end-electronics board for a high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber for a neutrinoless double-beta decay search. The ionization signal is readout by detecting electroluminescence photons with SiPM's. The board readout the signal from 56~SiPM's through the DC-coupling and record the waveforms at 5 MS/s with a wide dynamic range up to 7,000 photons/200 ns. The SiPM bias voltages are provided by the board and can be adjusted for each SiPM. In order to calibrate and monitor the SiPM gain, additional auxiliary ADC measures 1 photon-equivalent dark current. The obtained performance satisfies the requirement for a neutrinoless double-beta decay search.

Drying characteristics and optimization of ultrasound‐strengthened cold air drying combined with sequential far‐infrared radiation drying on potato

To improve the dehydration rate and product quality of potatoes, a new strategy utilizing ultrasound-strengthened cold air drying combined with sequential far-infrared radiation drying (UCAD-FIRD) was proposed. The results prove that UCAD greatly promotes dehydration speed, and stronger ultrasound power results in higher drying rate. Compared with UCAD process, UCAD-FIRD drastically shortens the required drying time. Potato slices dried by UCAD-FIRD retain more nutrients compared with those dried by UCAD alone, exhibited by lower color variations and a greater rehydration ratio. For example, total phenol content and Vitamin C content rise first and then, decline but still remain at a high level. The Gray Correlation Analysis is applied to obtain the best experimental group as follows: cold air temperature of 15°C, radiation temperature of 140°C, ultrasound power of 60 W. Therefore, the drying strategy of UCAD-FIRD can remarkably accelerate the drying rate and simultaneously improve the product quality. Practical applications Cold air drying (CAD) can well preserve the product quality due to low drying temperature. However, too long dehydration inevitably restricts its application, so some effective auxiliary measures can be applied to promote mass transfer in CAD to improve the dehydration process. In this study, we proposed a UCAD-FIRD drying strategy, in which contact ultrasound strengthening technology was applied in CAD to significantly accelerate the internal mass transfer of early drying process, subsequently, FIRD was applied to replace UCAD at a certain conversion point to further accelerate water removal in latter stage with lower moisture content. The UCAD-FIRD strategy could achieve both shorter dehydration time and better product quality, comparing with single CAD and UCAD. Therefore, UCAD-FIRD is a promising and practical drying strategy for fruits and vegetables which have great internal mass transfer resistance and thermo-sensitivity.

Adolescents' face mask usage and contact transmission in novel Coronavirus.

The global outbreak of coronavirus has become an international public health threat. Prevention is of paramount importance to contain its spread. This study observes face mask wearing behavior and contact transmission problems in Taiwan. Teachers track student status in class. In addition to measuring body temperature and regular disinfection, classrooms require ventilation wear mask, provide alcohol spray and avoid sharing the microphone. Both questionnaire surveys and experimental were utilized. A total of 160 adults residing in Taiwan participated in the survey. The dye simulated the possible virus area on the mask surface during usage. Subjects were required to complete a questionnaire and simulate the spread of contact transmission when using a computer. Eighty-one % of respondents reported consistent use of surgical masks several times a day. They reported taking their masks off in relatively safe areas. Most people reported using one mask per day and storing the masks in their pockets. As a result, masks surface become a contamination source. In the contact experiment, ten adults were requested to don and doff a surgical mask while doing a word processing task. The extended contamination areas were recorded and identified by image analysis. The results show an average contamination area of the workspace is significant 530 cm2. When the hand touches the surface of the mask, it may spread the virus to the subsequent contact area.Significance for public healthThe epidemic has caused pressure to prevent in most countries. Through the school's auxiliary measures, students attended classes during March-June 2020 in Taiwan. Maintaining social distance and wearing masks are important ways to reduce the spread. Inadvertent hand contact with the outer surface of the mask may also cause the virus to spread indirectly. Students' "mask use behavior survey" shows that a single mask has been used repeatedly for a long time. Emulation experiment demonstrated the potential of contact among office area. Masks must be used attentively to reduce the chance of indirect transmission.

Facilitated recovery of copper from ammoniacal solution by supported liquid membrane following multiple cooperative effects

One-step recovery of copper(II) from ammonia/ammonium sulfate solution by combining supported liquid membrane and electro-deposition process was investigated. The fundamental parameters enhancing copper transport through a supported liquid membrane, such as carrier concentration of N902 extractant in the membrane, H2SO4 concentration in the stripping phase, temperature and ultrasonication, were examined. The results show that three auxiliary measures including higher operating temperature, ultrasonic assistance and electro-deposition process can all improve copper transport efficiency. Nearly, all of copper in feed phase were transported across the supported liquid membrane by using simultaneously the electro-deposition process and ultrasonic assistance after 10 h with a flux of 3.35 × 10–5 mol m−2 s−1 under the optimal conditions: 100 mg L−1 copper in 1.0 mol L−1 each of ammonia and ammonium sulfate solution as the feed phase, 20 vol% N902 in kerosene as carrier, 80 g L−1 H2SO4 as the stripping phase, stirring rate of 800 rpm in two aqueous phases and operating temperature of 40 °C. In the meantime, 83.8% copper ions in stripping phase were recycled to particles deposited on the cathode surface. Furthermore, membrane stability was also evaluated and shown to be satisfactory for at least seven runs (70 h). Application of the assembled supported liquid membrane system has been found to be successful in the facilitated recovery of copper from ammoniacal solution.

Policy analysis and technical evaluation index of multi-energy complementary projects in China

Multi-energy complementary renewable energy system is an efficient energy supply system based on thermoelectric-gas-storage coupling technology to realize full renewable energy supply in local regions, with biomass power generation as the basic energy, wind, light and storage as the supplement. Since 2000, China has promulgated a series of policies related to multi-energy complementarity to promote energy reform and renewable energy development. China supports the construction of multi-energy complementarity, micro-grid and renewable energy projects. By optimizing the process route of “source-network-load-storage” and adopting chain and vertical integrated feedback as auxiliary technical measures, the deficiencies of renewable energy projects in energy production, storage, transportation, conversion, use and recovery can be complete. Intelligent dispatch through “end-pipe-cloud” integrated energy management platform can compensate the characteristics of non-flexible operation, uncertainty and volatility of renewable energy. According to the characteristics of renewable energy in multi-energy complementary projects, technical evaluation index, economic evaluation index and social benefit index are established, and the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy projects are evaluated by multi-dimensional indicators.

Technology for Rapid Consolidation of Shallow Ultra-soft Soil

The shallow ultra-soft soil needs to be consolidated quickly to form the early working layer in more and more land reclamation. Through the innovation and improvement of the conventional vacuum preloading method, the technology for rapid consolidation of the shallow ultra-soft soil is created, which adopts auxiliary measures such as erection of foam floating bridges, construction of water retaining dams, and laying of geotextiles on the mud to realize the manual construction of plastic drain plates, and innovatively applies of the recyclable tri-planer geonet instead of the sand cushion. The technology has been successfully applied to the practical reinforcement engineering of the shallow ultra-soft soil and achieved good effect, which has a good prospect of popularization and application.

Intra- and Interrater Reliability of Infrared Image Analysis of Facial Acupoints in Individuals with Facial Paralysis.

Infrared thermography (IRT), as a noncontact tool for temperature measurement, is widely applied in the study of acupuncture modernization. The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and interrater reliability of infrared image analysis of facial acupoints of subjects with facial paralysis and determine the factors influencing the variability of the measured values. A total of 26 patients with facial paralysis on one side, aged 26 to 53 years, participated voluntarily in the study. Facial infrared thermal images of all participants were analyzed by two trained raters at two different time points at a one-week interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the intra- and interrater reliability of IRT measurements. The ICC values varied depending on the analyzed acupoints. The reliability of temperature measurement ranged from moderate to excellent (intrarater, ICC ranged from 0.669 to 0.990; interrater, ICC ranged from 0.661 to 0.987). The reliability of temperature difference measurement ranged from low to excellent (intrarater, ICC ranged from 0.412 to 0.882; interrater, ICC ranged from 0.334 to 0.828). The main influencing factor of reliability is the incomplete consistency in selecting acupoint positions when repeatedly positioning the same acupoint manually. Despite low reliability of temperature difference measurement at some acupoints, some auxiliary measures can be used to reduce the error of manual positioning. Thus, infrared thermal imaging still has the potential to assist in objective and quantitative research on acupuncture.

珍稀濒危树种陆均松天然种群结构与空间分布格局

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 珍稀濒危树种陆均松天然种群结构与空间分布格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201905090948 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（CAFBB2017ZB004） Natural population structure and spatial distribution pattern of rare and endangered species Dacrydium pectinatum Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: Study on the Monitoring and Exhaustion Mechanism of Dacrydium Pierrei Resources 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为研究陆均松（Dacrydium pectinatum）种群生存现状及分布格局，对BWL、DLS、JFL 三种不同分布区域的陆均松天然种群进行了调查，分析了其天然群落乔木层物种多样性及优势种组成、龄级结构及分布格局三个方面的空间异质性，结果表明：（1）三种陆均松天然群落乔木层物种丰富度及多样性指数均较高，基本表现为BWL>JFL>DLS，且远高于中高纬度温带及亚热带森林群落；群落内多为小密度种群，少有占绝对优势地位的树种，符合热带山地雨林物种组成的一般规律。（2）龄级结构有所差异，BWL和JFL种群呈衰退趋势，共同特点是幼年树数量较少，成年和老年树比例较高；DLS种群幼年树数量在所有个体中比例最高，属于增长型种群。（3）BWL和DLS种群整体呈聚集分布，幼年至老年阶段由聚集分布转变为均匀分布，JFL种群整体及不同发育阶段均呈均匀分布状态；聚集强度表现为DLS > BWL > JFL，幼年树 > 成年树 > 老年树。陆均松是热带山地雨林的关键种和建群种，对研究海南热带雨林的起源及其区系特征具有重要意义，针对其生存现状，可根据实际情况，利用人工辅助措施如开辟林窗、合理疏伐等方式进行保护及更新复壮。 Abstract:In order to study the survival status and distribution pattern of Dacrydium pectinatum population, we investigated three different distribution areas, namely BWL, DLS, and JFL in Hainan Island. The spatial heterogeneity in three aspects of the species diversity and dominant species composition of the natural community arbor layer, age structure, and distribution pattern was analyzed. The results showed that (1) the arbor layer species abundance and diversity index of the three D. pectinatum natural community were higher as a whole, which followed the order of BWL > JFL > DLS, and much higher than those of the mid-high latitude temperate zone and subtropical forest community. The populations in the community were mostly small-density populations, and there were few absolutely dominant species, which is consistent with the general rule of species composition of tropical mountain rainforests. (2) The age structure of these three populations had its own characteristics. BWL and JFL showed a recession trend. The common feature was that the number of Juvenile tree was small, and the proportion of adult trees and elderly trees was high. The number of Juvenile tree in DLS was the most for all individuals and belonged to the growth population. (3) The overall state of the D. pectinatum population of BWL and JFL was aggregate clustered distribution. The juvenile tree stage was also a clustered distribution, but in the elderly tree stage, it changed from clustered distribution to uniform distribution. The JFL D. pectinatum population showed a uniform distribution throughout all individuals and different developmental stages. Their aggregation intensity was expressed as DLS > BWL > JFL and juvenile > adult > elderly. D. pectinatum is a key species of tropical mountain rainforests, which is of great significance for studying the origin and flora characteristics of Hainan tropical rainforest. For its current survival status, we can use manual auxiliary measures such as opening forest windows and rational thinning to protect and rejuvenate D. pectinatum population based on the actual situation. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PCNL monotherapy for staghorn stones: Sohag faculty of medicine experience.

PCNL monotherapy for staghorn stones: Sohag faculty of medicine experience.Background: PCNL as monotherapy for renal staghorn stones is challenging for urologists to attain complete clearance of all calculi. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCNL for renal staghorn stones.Methods: Study was initiated on June 2017 - June 2018 by recording the data of 32 patients with staghorn stones to do PCNL as a single or multiple sessions till complete clearance of the stones was achieved (20 males, 12 females), age range of 15-63 years, Right-sided stones were in 18 cases and left-sided stones in 14 cases. Recurrent stones were in 12 patients. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications, blood transfusion and hospital stay were recorded. The data were analyzed SPSS for Windows version 20.Results: Mean age was 39.88 ± 13.5 years. Mean operative time was 58.75 ± 24.8 minutes. The range of hospital stay was 1-10 days. Bleeding was the most common complication( 25%) of cases. The stone clearance status of percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy after only one session was achieved in 22 cases (68.75%). Second session was needed in 6 cases to achieve complete clearance. Other auxiliary measures needed in 4 cases.Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of renal staghorn stones is a safe and effective choice to achieve a reasonable Stone free rate with minimal morbidity.

Stone-free rate after semirigid ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy versus laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for upper ureteral calculi: a multicenter study

BackgroundDifferent treatment options were used to treat upper ureteral calculi. The aim of our study is to compare the stone-free rate and postoperative outcomes between semirigid ureteroscope with holmium laser lithotripsy and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the management of large solitary upper ureteral stones. Sixty-seven patients with a solitary upper ureteral stone who had LU or semirigid ureteroscopy in the period between January 2014 and March 2017 were included in our study. Out of the sixty-seven patients, 37 patients had semirigid ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy (Group A) and 30 patients had laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (Group B). Both groups were compared regarding operative time, intraoperative complications, need for auxiliary procedures, hospital stays, postoperative complications and stone-free rate.ResultsThe mean stone size was 1.84 ± 0.12 cm in Group A and 1.79 ± 0.17 cm in Group B, P value = 0.2. The mean operative time was 61.5 ± 3.5 min in Group A and 63 ± 4.2 min in Group B, P value = 0.13. Stone migration was recorded in five cases (14%) in Group A while no cases in Group B had stone migration. Flexible ureteroscope was used as an auxiliary measure in five patients (14%) in Group A at the same session. No auxiliary measures were used in the LU group.ConclusionThe stone-free rates after semirigid URS and laser lithotripsy are comparable to those following LU, especially when flexible URS is used to manage migrating stone fragments at the same session.

Analysis of settlement of existing buildings caused by unreasonable design of foundation

As for the settlement accidents of existing buildings, people pay more attention to the construction quality than the rationality of foundation design. This paper analyzes and discusses the problem of excessive settlement of existing buildings caused by unreasonable design based on three typical engineering cases. The conclusion is that as for the upper filled soil and lower soft soil foundation, the heavy tamping method is not suitable without auxiliary measures if the foundation settlement is strictly controlled; cement-soil mixing pile method is not suitable for high-rise buildings based on soft soil foundation; the foundation design should be based on deformation control when high compressibility soil layer exists, the pile body should penetrate the main compression deformation layer, and the pile end should fall on the good bearing stratum when using pile foundation or rigid pile composite foundation.