Auxiliary Flow Research Articles

Energy-efficient micromolding and in-mold compounding using ultrasonic vibration energy with enhanced material flow

Injection molding is the most widely used polymer processing technology, and uses thermal energy to plasticize thermoplastic polymer pellets. In this study, ultrasonic vibration energy was used to plasticize polymer pellets in micro-injection molding, instead of using conventional thermal energy. An auxiliary flow unit was used to enhance the ultrasonic plasticizing effect and the relevant flow rate. Two rotor types, flat and blade-type rotors, were investigated in terms of flow enhancement capability and the resulting improvement in the quality of the molded parts. As a result, the blade-type rotor showed improvements in flow rate (by 66%) and filling length (by 26.5%). This enhanced material flow in ultrasonic micromolding was then further applied to in-mold compounding and molding by dispersing short carbon fibers (CFs) into polypropylene (PP) pellets during ultrasonic plasticizing. The resulting CF composites showed a 38% improvement in tensile strength compared to pure PP specimens. Considering that this ultrasonic micromolding was performed by a desktop-scale machine with low energy consumption, this process is more efficient for micromolding than the conventional injection molding process.

Simple and cost-effective determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in insulating oils using an ionic liquid-based stationary phase and flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection

In this article we describe a method using flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detector (FM–GC×GC–ECD) for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in complex transformer oils bypassing the need for sample preparation. A two-fold improvement in method development was attained. First, the solvation parameter model (SPM) was used to guide column selection. A highly cohesive ionic liquid-based phase (low l system constant), namely 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, was used in the primary stage leading to negligible retention of interfering aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are eluted in the first upper quadrant of the chromatogram. The resulting separation space was used to resolve the critical class of compounds, namely, PCBs and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Second, a unique combination of column geometries and phase ratios enabled highly efficient reverse fill/flush flow modulation using very low pressure for auxiliary gas flow. The proof of concept method described herein exhibited linearities ranging from 0.990 to 0.994, limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 2.23 and 6.85 µg mL−1, precision below 5% relative standard deviation (RSD), and accuracy from 84.2% to 108.9% showcasing the potential of FM–GC×GC for routine analysis.

Dynamic pressure gradient modulation for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

We report the discovery, preliminary investigation, and demonstration of a novel form of differential flow modulation for comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC×GC). Commercially available components are used to apply a flow of carrier gas with a suitable applied auxiliary gas pressure (Paux) to a T-junction joining the first (1D) and second (2D) dimension columns. The 1D eluate is confined at the T-junction, and introduced for 2D separation with a cyclic rhythm, dependent upon the relationship of the modulation period (PM) to the pulse width (pw), where pw is defined as the time interval when the auxiliary gas flow at the T-junction is off. We refer to this flow modulation technique as “dynamic pressure gradient modulation” (DPGM) since a pressure gradient oscillates with the PM along the 1D and 2D column ensemble providing temporary stop-flow conditions and fast 2D flow rates, resulting in 100% duty cycle and full modulation. A 90-component test mixture was used to evaluate the technique with a pw of 60 ms and a PM of 750 ms. The resulting peaks were narrow, with 2Wb ranging from about 20–180 ms. With an average 1Wb of 3 s and a 2nc of 10, a 2D peak capacity, nc,2D, for the 25 min separation was 5000. The detector response enhancement factor (DREF) is reported, defined as the peak height of the highest modulated 2D peak divided by the unmodulated 1D peak height (DREF = 2h/1h). The DREF ranged from about 7–87, depending on the 1Wb and 2Wb for a given analyte. A diesel sample was analyzed to demonstrate performance with a complex sample. Based upon the average 1Wb of 5 s and an average 2Wb of 168 ms, a nc,2D of 8640 was obtained for the 60 min diesel separation. Finally, the modulation principle was investigated as a function of PM, pw, and the volumetric flow rates, 1F and 2F. The measured 2Wb correlate well with the theoretical 2D injected width, given by 2Winj = (1F/2F) ·PM. However, the relevant 1F appears to be dictated by the 1D flow rate when no pressure is applied (during the pw interval), instead of 1F being the average flow rate on 1D (defined by the 1D dead time). The findings provide strong evidence for a differential flow modulation mechanism.

Effects of Mach Number on the Performance of a Diverterless Supersonic Inlet

Extensive experiments were conducted on a body-integrated diverterless supersonic inlet (DSI). Diverterless supersonic inlets are designed and developed in order to provide both supersonic flow compression and boundary-layer diversion by using a three-dimensional bump in combination with a suitable cowl lip. The present experiments were performed at three different freestream Mach numbers of , 1.65 (the design Mach number), and 1.85, as well as at 0 deg angles of attack and angles of sideslip. To model the performance accurately, the intake was integrated with a typical forebody including a nose with an elliptical cross section. Wind-tunnel tests were conducted at critical, subcritical, and supercritical operating conditions. The results showed that the present DSI has acceptable performance in these operating conditions and is able to provide the required mass flow and static pressure ratios. For all conditions examined in this study, as a significant result, the fixed geometry of the designed DSI showed acceptable performance in the ranges of supersonic Mach numbers tested: ; furthermore, its operation in the subsonic condition of was satisfactory. It should be mentioned that there were no movable parts or an auxiliary flow control system for this intake.

A Note on Treatment of Signals in Digital Signal Processing and in Network Calculus

This short paper presents from the perspective of the operator theory some basic operations performed on signals in the digital signal processing as well as in the network calculus. These are the following operations: signal sampling, amplitude quantization, and signal recovery from its samples – in the digital signal processing. And regarding the network calculus, building up an auxiliary (continuous) traffic flow and recovery of a real traffic that possesses a non-continuous structure (with some granularity) after manipulations that were carried out with the use of a flow model are discussed in this paper. Some interesting results achieved and interpretations regarding the aforementioned stuff are presented.

Reversed Auxiliary Flow to Reduce Embolism Risk During TAVI: A Computational Simulation and Experimental Study.

Endovascular treatments, such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), carry a risk of embolization due to debris dislodgement during various procedural steps. Although embolic filters are already available and marketed, mechanisms underlying cerebral embolism still need to be elucidated in order to further reduce cerebrovascular events. We propose an experimental framework with an in silico duplicate allowing release of particles at the level of the aortic valve and their subsequent capture in the supra-aortic branches, simulating embolization under constant inflow and controlled hemodynamic conditions. The effect of a simple flow modulation, consisting of an auxiliary constant flow via the right subclavian artery (RSA), on the amount of particle entering the brachiocephalic trunk was investigated. Preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed in order to assess the minimum retrograde flow-rate from RSA required to deviate particles. Our results show that a constant reversed auxiliary flow of 0.5 L/min from the RSA under a constant inflow of 4 L/min from the ascending aorta is able to protect the brachiocephalic trunk from particle embolisms. Both computational and experimental results also demonstrate that the distribution of the bulk flow dictates the distribution of the particles along the aortic branches. This effect has also shown to be independent of release location and flow rate. The present study confirms that the integration of in vitro experiments and in silico analyses allows designing and benchmarking novel solutions for cerebral embolic protection during TAVI such as the proposed embo-deviation technique based on an auxiliary retrograde flow from the right subclavian artery.

Step by step methodology of designing a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed using computational fluid dynamic approach

In this work, a systematic step-by-step methodology has been developed to identify the type of instabilities arise in achieving the continuous solids circulation achieved between riser and downcomer, and in establishing the proper pressure balance among the various units of a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) using transient three dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Different type of instabilities has been identified and systematically eliminated by choosing the appropriate measure in-terms of the geometry of a LSCFB. This resulted in studying five variant designs of LSCFB studies using CFD. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach is used to simulate the two-phase flow in LSCFB system. The hydrodynamic behavior of the system is studied in terms of the pressure drop, solids holdup at various locations as well as the axial solids hold up distribution. The steady state in the system has been characterized by the solids volume fraction and the pressure balance loop across the closed loop LSCFB. The effect of solids inventory, primary and auxiliary liquid flow, and viscosity of liquid on average solids holdup has been studied with the final LSCFB design.

Experimental and numerical study on the strength and hybrid fracture of sandstone under tension-shear stress

Hybrid tension-shear fracture of rock usually occurs in underground openings, rock slopes, transtension faults, and en echelon cracks. To investigate the tension-shear strength and the transition between tensile and shear fractures in rock, experimental and numerical tension-shear tests were carried out using an auxiliary device and particle flow code (PFC2D), respectively. The deformation and shear strength of a sandstone under tension-stress were analyzed. The initial crack (the first micro-crack) and the shear failure ratio (the proportion of shear cracks in the total number of cracks) were proposed and used to describe the mechanical properties of hybrid fracture. In addition, the force chains of parallel-bonds in the PFC model were investigated. The results show that the initial crack is a tensile crack if the normal tensile stress is large, whereas it is a shear crack when the normal tensile stress is smaller. The shear failure ratio decreases linearly with increasing normal tensile stress, and the micro-cracks are all tensile cracks in the uniaxial tensile simulation, which suggests that the transition from tensile to hybrid and shear fracture is continuous and linear. Most of the bonds between particles are subjected to tension-shear stress, while some bear compression-shear stress. In the tension-shear tests, shear micro-cracks may be formed under either tension-shear stress or compressive-shear stress. A new tension-shear failure criterion was proposed, which is more accurate than the existing failure criteria and is associated with the features of microscopic fractures. The proposed criterion can account for the microscopic physical significance of the parameter in the Hoek–Brown criterion.

Thermo–Economical Evaluation of Producing Liquefied Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids from Flare Gases

In many industrial plants including petrochemicals and refineries, raw hydrocarbons (mostly flammable gas) are released during unplanned operations. These flammable gases (usually called flare gases) are sent to a combustor and the process is called flaring. Flaring wastes energy and produces environmental pollution. Consequently, recovering the flare gases is an important subject in these industries. In this work, an economical and technical analysis is presented for the production of valuable products, namely, liquefied natural gas and natural gas liquids from flare gas. The flare gas of Fajr Jam refinery, a refinery located in the south part of Iran, is selected as a case study. One of the issues in recovering flare gases is the nonconstant flow rate of these gases. For this reason, an auxiliary natural gas flow rate is employed to have a constant feed for the flare recovery process. The Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operations (PRICO) refrigeration cycle is employed for producing liquefied natural gas and natural gas liquids. In the PRICO cycle, the mixed refrigerant is used as the working fluid. The other issue is the existence of H2S in the flare gases. The main idea is that the flare gas components, including H2S, have different boiling points and it is possible to separate them. Consequently, flare gases are separated into several parts during a number of successive cooling and heating stages and passing through phase separators. It is shown that the proposed flare gas recovery process prevents burning of 12 million cubic meters of the gases with valuable hydrocarbons, which is almost 70% of the current flare gases. Furthermore, about 11,000 tons of liquefied natural gas and 1230 tons of natural gas liquids are produced in a year. Finally, the economic evaluation shows a payback period of about 1.6 years.

Change in Steam Generators Main and Auxiliary Energy Flow Streams During the Load Increase of LNG Carrier Steam Propulsion System

In this paper is presented an analysis of main and auxiliary steam energy flow streams from steam generators during the increase in steam system load at conventional LNG carrier. During the steam system load increase was presented differences in steam pressure and temperature between main and auxiliary steam flow streams. Energy power of the auxiliary flow stream is higher than energy power of the main flow stream only at the lowest steam system loads after which main flow stream takes over primacy at middle and high steam system loads. Cumulative auxiliary energy flow stream was divided on energy flow streams to each auxiliary device and energy power consumption of each auxiliary device was also investigated throughout number steam system loads. Analysis of steam production from marine steam generators presented in this paper provides insight into the operation dynamics of the entire steam propulsion system.

Partial differential systems with non-local nonlinearities: generation and solutions.

We develop a method for generating solutions to large classes of evolutionary partial differential systems with non-local nonlinearities. For arbitrary initial data, the solutions are generated from the corresponding linearized equations. The key is a Fredholm integral equation relating the linearized flow to an auxiliary linear flow. It is analogous to the Marchenko integral equation in integrable systems. We show explicitly how this can be achieved through several examples, including reaction-diffusion systems with non-local quadratic nonlinearities and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a non-local cubic nonlinearity. In each case, we demonstrate our approach with numerical simulations. We discuss the effectiveness of our approach and how it might be extended.This article is part of the theme issue 'Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics'.

On Problem of Mathematical Modelling of Thermo-Physical Processes in Regenerative Water-Evaporating Coolers

For cooling the air environment of industrial premises water-evaporating air, conditioners are being increasingly applied. The simplicity of their construction, ecological safety and low power consumption distinguish them from the coolers of other types. Cooling the processed air is due to the loss of energy for the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the water-wetted plates that form air channels. As a result of this process, cooled air is often saturated with moisture, which limits the possibilities for the operation of the coolers of this type. In these cases, more complex coolers of indirect principle without such drawback should be applied. The most effective modification of indirect cooling is the installation of recuperative principle units. The paper presents a mathematical model of heat-mass transfer in such water-evaporating coolers. The scheme of realization of this model based on an iterative algorithm of solution of the system of finite–difference linear equations that takes into account longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity of the heat transfer plates is suggested. The possibility of obtaining the optimal values of the redistribution of the main and auxiliary air flows through the substantiation of the aerodynamic resistance of the output grid is proved. This allows refusing the inclusion in the additional system cooling fan unit for discharging an auxiliary stream of air.

A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine 16 Trace Elements by ICP OES in Ready to Drink Beverages

In this work, multivariate experiments were carried out to optimize a simple and reliable method for determination of 16 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Sn, and Zn) in ready to drink beverages by ICP OES. The multivariate methodology to optimize ICP OES parameters consisted in a 24-1 and a 23 central composite design, where the variables studied were radio frequency power, nebulization flow rate, auxiliary argon flow rate, and argon plasma flow rate and the responses were signal to background ratio (SBR) and the plasma robustness. The compromised conditions were RF power, 1.35 kW; nebulization flow rate, 0.50 L min−1; auxiliary argon flow rate, 0.55 L min−1; and argon plasma flow rate, 12.0 L min−1. Under these conditions, the microwave digestion using diluted oxidant mixture provided recoveries between 79 and 110% for quantifiable trace elements in two reference materials (corn brand and tea leaves) and 81 and 118% in spiked experiments. The method was successfully applied to 10 samples of ready to drink beverages (fruit juice, soy-based beverages, and tea), and the levels found were below the maximum allowed for inorganic contaminants by Brazilian, European, and MERCOSUL regulations.

A Concise Study of Metal Impurities as Leachable and Extractable [Lead, Aluminium and Tin] in Eye Drop Formulation and Collapsible Tubes by ICP OES method

Metals such as Lead, Aluminium and Tin might some suppliers used in the synthesis of collapsible tube or some trace amount might instantly present in the raw materials of collapsible container. A selective ion determination method was developed by ICP OES for leachable and extractable of metal impurities. The method has been validated by using the parameters RF power of 1.2 KV, plasma flow of 15 L/min, Auxiliary gas flow of 1.5 L/min and plasma view at axial mode for all the metals. The wavelength was monitored for Lead, Aluminium and Tin at 220.353nm, 396.152 and 189.925 nm respectively. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantization of Lead, Aluminium and Tin in the leachate and extract from the drug product and container respectively.In this paper completely demonstrated the method of quantification of metal impurities Lead, Aluminium and Tin as a leachate and extract by ICP OES for varies solvents, stress condition and different extraction procedure for marketed eye drops availed in southern part of India.

High contributions of vehicular emissions to ammonia in three European cities derived from mobile measurements

Ambient ammonia (NH3) measurements were performed with a mobile platform in three European cities: Zurich (Switzerland), Tartu (Estonia) and Tallinn (Estonia) deploying an NH3 analyzer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. A heated inlet line along with an auxiliary flow was used to minimize NH3 adsorption onto the inlet walls. In addition, a detailed characterization of the response and recovery times of the measurement system was used to deconvolve the true NH3 signal from the remaining adsorption-induced hysteresis. Parallel measurements with an aerosol mass spectrometer were used to correct the observed NH3 for the contribution of ammonium nitrate, which completely evaporated in the heated line at the chosen temperature, in contrast to ammonium sulfate. In this way a quantitative measurement of ambient gaseous NH3 was achieved with sufficient time resolution to enable measurement of NH3 point sources with a mobile sampling platform. The NH3 analyzer and the aerosol mass spectrometer were complemented by an aethalometer and various gas-phase analyzers to enable a complete characterization of the sources of air pollution, including the spatial distributions and the regional background concentrations and urban increments of all measured components. Although at all three locations similar increment levels of organic aerosols were attributed to biomass burning and traffic, traffic emissions clearly dominated the city enhancements of NH3, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Urban increments of 3.4, 1.8 and 3.0 ppb of NH3 were measured in the traffic areas in Zurich, Tartu and Tallinn, respectively, representing an enhancement of 36.6, 38.3 and 93.8% over the average background concentrations. Measurements in areas strongly influenced by traffic emissions (including tunnel drives) were used to estimate emission factors (EF) for the traffic-related pollutants. The obtained median EFs range between 136.8-415.1 mg kg−1 fuel for NH3, 157.1–734.8 mg kg−1 fuel for eBC and 39.9–324.3 mg kg−1 fuel for HOA. Significant differences were found between the EFs of certain components in the three cities, which were partially linked to an older vehicle fleet in Estonia compared to Switzerland. Using the determined EFs we show that traffic can fully explain the NH3 enhancements in the three cities and also presents a non-negligible fraction of the background concentrations, which are mostly related to agricultural activities. Moreover, the estimated total contribution of traffic to NH3 at all three locations is in good agreement with the available emission inventories.

A global particular solution meshless approach for the four-sided lid-driven cavity flow problem in the presence of magnetic fields

The global meshless method of approximate Stokes particular solutions (MASPS) is used to solve a two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, i.e. the Navier–Stokes equations with the Lorentz force as a source term in the momentum equations. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problems at low magnetic Reynolds number (Rem) but finite flow Reynolds number (Re) are considered, so the fluid flow is affected by the magnetic field which remains unaltered by the fluid flow. The base functions to approximate the variables of the problem are the particular solutions of an auxiliary Stokes flow field in which a multiquadric (MQ) radial basis function (RBF) is applied as source term. The nonlinear equations resulting from the discretization in a fully implicit finite-difference form are solved by a variable step Newton–Raphson method. The capability of the numerical scheme to simulate MHD problems for different geometries is shown by solving the one-sided lid-driven cavity and the backward facing step flows in the presence of horizontal and vertical magnetic fields, respectively. The existence of simultaneous steady-state solutions in the four-sided lid-driven cavity (4S-LDC) problem is studied with the MASPS for Re between 0 and 1000 and Hartmann numbers (Ha) up to 10. Critical Reynolds numbers (Rec), corresponding to stationary and Hopf bifurcations, are evidenced. Bifurcation diagrams are constructed based on simultaneous solutions and their stability analyses. The increase of Ha modifies the bifurcation diagram and causes the displacement of bifurcation points towards higher Re. Three types of bifurcation, detected by the MASPS in the 4S-LDC flow, are classified based on the stability state analyses. Vertical and oblique magnetic fields are imposed on the flow to study their influence on the bifurcation maps. The effects of the vertical magnetic field on the map are stronger than those of the oblique field.

Investigation on response of HPR1000 under different mitigation strategies after SGTR accident

Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) accident was reclassified as Class III Design Basis Accident (DBA) in 1991 due to its higher frequency of occurrence. Under Class III condition, radioactive release safety criteria are even stricter than thermal hydraulic criteria. In this paper, HPR1000 SGTR accident was simulated with two kinds of mitigation measures after steady-state initialization. Key system responses (such as pressure, mass flow rate in primary and secondary system, SG level, short term phase terminating time and radioactive release) were analyzed and compared for the two strategies. No SG overfilled nor other thermal hydraulic limit occurred for both strategies, while lower SG overfill risk and higher radioactive release risk existed for strategy 1 and converse situation existed for strategy 2. Specially, it is recommended VDA to be actuated by SG level, and instant main feedwater and auxiliary feedwater isolations were strongly required for strategy 2. When designing SGTR mitigation measure, there should be a compromised balance between SG overfill risk and radioactive release. Optimized mitigation strategy can be obtained through more accurate activity signal and higher auxiliary feedwater mass flow rate.

A quantitative approach for Cd, Cu, Fe and Mn through laser ablation imaging for evaluating the translocation and accumulation of metals in sunflower seeds

The uptake and accumulation of Cd in sunflower seeds represents an important pathway for imputing potentially toxic metals into human and animal food. In this way, bioimaging of Cd and micronutrients (Cu, Fe and Mn) in the seeds of sunflower grown in soil contaminated with Cd are performed. For this task, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used in quantitative approach, considering four groups: precursor, control, Cd-low (50mg) and Cd-high (700mg). For attaining our proposals, ICP-MS (nebulizer and auxiliary flow rates and radiofrequency power) and LA (laser intensity, frequency and spot size) parameters were optimized, and the analytical signal improved to 197%, 217%, 232%, and 283%, for 57Fe, 112Cd, 55Mn and 63Cu, respectively. The accuracy of proposed method using LA-ICP-MS is evaluated comparing the CRM results (Tomato leaves, NIST SRM 1573a). No difference is found at 95% confidence level. Regarding Cd accumulation in sunflower seeds, the results indicated that cadmium is translocated to seeds, and the cotyledons showed the highest concentration (Cd-high group), ranging from 10 to 20µgg−1. Considering both total concentration and the distribution in the seeds, Cd uptake is responsible to the homeostasis misbalance of micronutrients, which play an essential role in the sunflower metabolism. Such results highlight the importance of bioimaging evaluation, in the translocation and accumulation of metals, contributing to expand the information available of this culture.

Design sensitivity analysis for shape optimization based on the Lie derivative

The paper presents a theoretical framework for the shape sensitivity analysis of systems governed by partial differential equations. The proposed approach, based on geometrical concepts borrowed from differential geometry, shows that sensitivity of a performance function (i.e. any function of the solution of the problem) with respect to a given design variable can be represented mathematically as a Lie derivative, i.e. the derivative of that performance function along a flow representing the continuous shape modification of the geometrical model induced by the variation of the considered design variable. Theoretical formulae to express sensitivity analytically are demonstrated in detail in the paper, and applied to a nonlinear magnetostatic and a linear elastic problem, following both the direct and the adjoint approaches. Following the analytical approach, one linear system of which only the right-hand side needs be evaluated (the system matrix being known already) has to be solved for each of the design variables in the direct approach, or for each performance functions in the adjoint approach. A substantial gain in computation time is obtained this way compared to a finite difference evaluation of sensitivity, which requires solving a second nonlinear system for each design variable. This is the main motivation of the analytical approach. There is some freedom in the definition of the auxiliary flow that represents the shape modification. We present a method that makes benefit of this freedom to express sensitivity locally as a volume integral over a single layer of finite elements connected to both sides of the surfaces undergoing shape modification. All sensitivity calculations are checked with a finite difference in order to validate the analytic approach. Convergence is analyzed in 2D and 3D, with first and second order finite elements.

Low-Power Miniaturized Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge Photoionization Detectors for Highly Sensitive Vapor Detection.

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a microhelium dielectric barrier discharge photoionization detector (μHDBD-PID) on chip with dimensions of only ∼15 mm × ∼10 mm × ∼0.7 mm and weight of only ∼0.25 g. It offers low power consumption (<400 mW), low helium consumption (5.8 mL/min), rapid response (up to ∼60 ms at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min), quick warm-up time (∼5 min), an excellent detection limit (a few picograms), a large linear dynamic range (>4 orders of magnitude), and maintenance-free operation. Furthermore, the μHDBD-PID can be driven with a miniaturized (∼5 cm × ∼2.5 cm × ∼2.5 cm), light (22 g), and low cost (∼$2) power supply with only 1.5 VDC input. The dependence of the μHDBD-PID performance on bias voltage, auxiliary helium flow rate, carrier gas flow rate, and temperature was also systematically investigated. Finally, the μHDBD-PID was employed to detect permanent gases and a sublist of the EPA 8260 standard reagents that include 51 analytes. The μHDBD-PID developed here can have a broad range of applications in portable and microgas chromatography systems for in situ, real-time, and sensitive gas analysis.