Auxiliary Facilities Research Articles

Optimization of the operating parameters for radon reduction on brattice induced cavern ventilation using CFD

Cavern is a place where workers often work in underground spaces, where radon is constantly released from surrounding rock surfaces. It is of great significance to develop effective ventilation to reduce radon in underground space for safe production and occupational health. For the purpose of controlling the radon concentration level in the cavern, the influence of upstream and downstream brattice length, upstream and downstream brattice to wall width on the volume average radon concentration and the plane average radon concentration at the height of the human respiratory zone (Z = 1.6 m) in the cavern, was studied by using the CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) method, and the operating parameters of ventilation induced by the brattice are optimized. The results show that the radon concentration in the cavern can be significantly reduced by using the brattice induced ventilation compared with no ventilation auxiliary facilities. This study provides a reference for local radon-reducing ventilation design of underground cavern.

Selection of the means of auxiliary transportation facilities and adaptation of their parameters to specific operation conditions

Purpose. To improve selection methods of operation schedules as well as means of auxiliary transportation facilities involving adaptation of their parameters to the specific application environment while preparing new extraction pillars for coal mining. Methodology. The current methods for substantiating the operational parameters of the means of internal mine transport do not take into account the impact of mining-geological and technological factors, which change inadequately in space and time, on their productivity. The recommended method for selecting transport and technological schemes and increasing their adaptability in the real conditions of the mine environment is based on the comprehensive use of methods of expert evaluation of the operational indicators of the new generation of auxiliary transport means and modeling of the conditions of their interaction with arch support and side rocks at the stages of mining and their operation when preparing new mining pillars for cleaning mining. Findings. The expert evaluation concerning technological features of mining field preparation as well as assembling and dismantling operations has determined that for the specific conditions of Western Donbas mines, the suspended diesel monorail locomotive and self-propelled machines are the most promising options. Gear clutch rail diesel locomotives are recommended as the auxiliary transport for the accelerated preparation of extraction pillar and introduction of a longwall into operation. Originality. New approaches have been substantiated to improve selection of the efficient means of auxiliary transportation facilities and identify their operational parameters for the well-timed preparation of extraction pillars for their removal under the intensified underground mining conditions. A transportation schedule has been proposed to supply heavy tonnage loads by means of the suspended diesel rail locomotives as well as methods to calculate the expected loads on suspension members of the monorail road taking into consideration physico-mechanical characteristics of roof rocks within a development mine working. Practical value. It has been proved that under the conditions of the intensified mining operations, the recommended engineering solutions meet the requirements of the well-timed preparation of new extraction pillars. In addition, they are considered as a new tendency to improve current schemes of auxiliary transportation facilities for regional mines and provide operational reliability of the available underground transport equipment.

소셜 빅데이터 분석을 활용한 영암F1경주장 인식 분석 : F1 대회기간과 이후 비교를 중심으로

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that will inform future utilization plans based on the current awareness by analyzing the public’s perception of Yeongam F1 RacecourseBR Method: This study conducted text mining and semantic network analysis based on three main words : Yeongam F1 Racecourse, International Car Racecourse, and International Car Racecourse Problem/Deficit.BR Results: As a result of keyword analysis, keywords related to F1 competitions, such as racecourse, Yeongam, Korea Grand Prix, and hosting, were mainly searched for in relation to the perception of the Yeongam F1 racetrack during the competition. Even after analyzing the competition, racecourse, Yeongam, and circuit the same way, keywords related to post-use and experience such as motorsports, festivals, activation, super races, and participation were reanalyzed. In the perception related to the problem/deficit of Yeongam F1 racecourse, keywords related to the operation of the racecourse were the main focus. As a result of analyzing the semantic network, it was associated with four categories: F1 competition, race track, F1 competition operation, and facility management during the competition. After the competition, it was divided into five categories: race track utilization, F1 competition, competition hosting, sponsorship, and industrial development. Finally, in the analysis of the semantic network related to Yeongam F1 racecourse problems/deficit, five categories were extracted: facility-related problems, facility-related projects, deficits, racecourse utilization, and F1 competition.BR Conclusion: Based on the results of the Big Data analysis of Yeongam F1 racetrack, it is necessary for Yeongam F1 racetrack to develop complex auxiliary facilities involving both public and the private sectors, instead of just holding one-off competitions and festivals. In addition, it is necessary to develop high-quality sports events, combine them with various automobile-related industries, and attempt functional changes in integrated tourism complexes by introducing facilities such as golf courses, marinas, and amusement parks.

Risks of loss of professional health among employees of a gas transportation company operating in conditions equated to the Far North

Introduction. Identifying the causes of contraindications to continuing work at gas transportation enterprises is an important task for preserving the professional longevity of their employees.
 The study aims to assess the risks of determining contraindications to continuing work under the influence of harmful and dangerous production factors typical for a gas transportation enterprise operating in conditions equated to the Far North.
 Materials and methods. The authors have analyzed the results of the examination of the professional suitability of employees of the main and auxiliary production facilities at the gas transportation enterprise operating in the territory equated to the Far North over three-year period.
 Results. There are contraindications to work in the conditions of the Far North and equivalent areas in all professional groups due to the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and dental diseases. A typical reason for determining contraindications to work at height are refractive errors. Industrial noise is the main harmful production factor for gas transportation enterprises, however, even in groups specializing in the maintenance of noise-hazardous equipment, scientists have identified contraindications to working under its influence with a frequency of no more than 7.0%. Their main cause is sensorineural hearing loss in the stage from moderate to higher. General medical contraindications in most cases were due to pathology of the circulatory system and endocrine diseases. The most common contraindications to continuing work exist for employees of auxiliary production: car drivers and firefighters. This circumstance is due to the most stringent requirements of regulations for their health. The risk of loss of professional fitness among workers of the main production is significantly reduced when conducting planned wellness programs and redistributing production tasks.
 Limitations. At an enterprise operating in southern climatic zones and using less noisy hazardous equipment, other results can be obtained.
 Conclusion. Differences in the working conditions of the company's employees determine the significantly different risks of their loss of professional health due to chronic diseases. For employees of the main production of the gas transportation enterprise engaged in work with harmful and dangerous working conditions, there are the greatest risks of determining contraindications for performing work in conditions of industrial noise and working at height, due to the development of diseases of the circulatory system and sensorineural hearing loss.

University Students’ Lifestyle and Opinions for University-Affiliated Public Housing: Focusing on Auxiliary Welfare Facilities and Residential Services

University-affiliated public housing (UAPH) is planned for the purpose of coexistence with the local community as well as housing stability for university students. However, shared spaces such as auxiliary welfare facilities planned to achieve that purpose are not being used by residents because no services or programs are provided. Lifestyle is a useful approach for identifying housing preferences in housing projects for special groups that share similar demographic characteristics. Thus, this study analyzed and clustered the lifestyle of university students, and investigated the differences in preferred auxiliary welfare facilities and residential services by cluster. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey of 424 university students using an online survey. As a result of the survey, in the factor analysis of university students’ lifestyle types, three categories were identified as individual propensity factors regardless of demographic characteristics except gender. In addition, the characteristics of university students were crucial in examining the preference of auxiliary welfare facilities and residential services of UAPH in terms of community facilities, auxiliary facilities, residential services, and program/operation management. Community facilities showed a high need for academic facilities, a low overall need for residential services, and a high need for program/operational management in terms of cost (housing cost reduction). In this study, there were differences in UAPH opinions according to lifestyle. In particular, many respondents showed a lifestyle that pursued practicality, and accordingly, a preference to utilize practicality, sociality, information, and technology was high. Therefore, for the sustainable operation and management in order to facilitate UAPH construction, the issue of housing cost, including not only rent but also management costs, should be considered most fundamentally, and it is necessary to provide facilities and programs that can provide practical help to the difficulties students face when living alone.

A branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with load-dependent drones

In this paper, we consider the vehicle routing problem with load-dependent drones (VRPLD), in which the energy consumption of drones is load-dependent and represented by a nonlinear function. To strengthen the collaboration between trucks and drones, a kind of facility called the docking hub is introduced to extend the service coverage of drones. When a truck visits the hub, a part number of parcels are transferred to the drones departing from the hub to serve the designated customers. We propose a mixed-integer model for the problem, which is nonlinear due to the load-dependent energy consumption. To solve the model, we develop a branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm based on the Danzig–Wolfe decomposition framework, and propose a series of acceleration strategies, including two valid inequalities, to expedite the convergence of the exact algorithm. Computational results on a set of randomly generated instances reflect that the proposed algorithm outperforms Gurobi in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness. Compared with VRPLD, the vehicle routing problem with drones (VRPD) which ignores the load-dependent constraints underestimates the total travel cost by 6.83%. Another drawback of VRPD is that some results may become infeasible when considering the load-dependent energy consumption. The results under VRPLD further reveal that a more accurate description of the energy consumption makes the drones rely more on services from auxiliary facilities. We also conduct sensitivity analysis to draw some managerial insights that setting the hub at a reasonable location can significantly reduce the delivery cost and improve truck and drone cooperation efficiency.

하남지역 사찰공방 연구

This study examined the types and characteristics of workshops found in the Cheonwangsa Temple Site and Dongsa Temple Site among the temples of the Three Kingdoms and Goryeo Dynasty periods in the Hanam region. In the workshop of Cheonwangsa Temple Site, a tile kiln, a charcoal kiln, a copper furnace, and remains of bell-casting facilities can be found in the space between the main hall and the lecture hall. From these remains, it is presumed that the workshop inside the temple's precinct during the temple's founding period was moved outside the temple site after the remodeling but continued to supply tile and charcoal. The Dongsa Temple Site workshop was constructed by digging the ground where buildings were built during the Unified Silla Period. A furnace presumed to have been used for iron production and remains of bell casting facilities were found. These workshops were operated temporarily to make roof tiles and dharma crafts needed at the temple's foundation. There is no trace that they were continued afterward. Considering the workshops' location, type, and operation, Cheonwangsa Temple shows the characteristics of a government office. It is presumed that Dongsa Temple was founded as a memorial temple sponsored by nobles. The workshops inside and around the two temple spaces are presumed to be auxiliary facilities that directly produce and supply items needed by the temples. It is deemed that professional craftsmen operated them. The operation of these workshops was related to the size of the temples. It shows the characteristic of a government office supported by the central or local government at the time, like the Seongjeon Sawon (temple with the government office in charge of construction, repair, and operation of temples) during the Unified Silla Dynasty.

Investigation on Start-Up Characteristics of Large Axial Flow Pump Systems Considering the Influence of Auxiliary Safety Facilities

A large number of operation practices show that the reliability and stability of large axial flow pump systems will face significant challenges during the start-up process. If the start-up control mode or safety auxiliary facilities of large axial flow pump stations are unreasonable, start-up failure will easily follow. In order to find a scientific control strategy for the start-up of large axial flow pump stations, the start-up characteristics of large axial flow pump stations must be fully understood first. In this paper, based on the secondary development of Flowmaster software, a simulation study of the start-up process of a large axial flow pump system equipped with different safety aids is carried out. It is found that it is a very dangerous start-up control mode to delay the opening of the rapid-drop gate to reduce the maximum reflux value and reflux duration when the pump system is initially started. When the rapid-drop gate opens with a delay of 4 s, the power overload coefficient reaches 23.49, indicating that the possibility of start-up failure of the large axial flow pump system increases sharply the longer the gate delay is opened. The method of adding a flap valve to the rapid-drop gate can significantly weaken the instantaneous impact power of the unit and prevent the unit from overload. When safety auxiliary facilities with an additional disc valve on the fast descending gate are adopted, the backflow coefficient is within 0.2, the impact head coefficient is within 2, and the power overload coefficient is less than 0. The research results will provide an important reference value for comprehensively understanding the start-up characteristics of large axial flow pump stations and finding scientific and safe start-up control strategies.

Study of Safety Auxiliary Facilities to Prevent the Start-Up Failure of Large Axial Flow Pump Systems under Gate Failure Working Conditions

Large axial flow pump systems are used in coastal pump stations. It is common and very dangerous for large axial flow pump systems to encounter the failure of the fast hydraulic gate during start-up operations. Methods for equipping LAPS with reasonable safety aids for start-up operations in order to deal with the unexpected situation that the quick gate cannot be opened, limiting the safety and stability of LAPS, have become a key focus of research. We aim to investigate the effect of safety aids on the LAPS’s start-up characteristics under gate rejection conditions and to find the best safety aid allocation method to solve the LAPS’s start-up failure problem. Based on the verification of the model test, a numerical simulation of the start-up process of the large axial flow pump system equipped with auxiliary safety features was carried out under the condition of gate rejection. The results show that under the condition of gate rejection, the auxiliary FLVA or OVHO can help LAPS reduce the risk of start-up failure to a certain extent. The FLVA will play the main protective role during the start-up operations of the LAPS if the LAPS is equipped with both the OVHO and FLVA of unrestricted size under the gate rejection condition. LAPS equipped with OVHO (1.27 Hm) and FLVA (49.1% Ag) and LAPS equipped with FLVA (49.1% Ag) have comparable start-up safety. The latter has an His of 1.783 Hr and a Pis of 1.30 Pr. The former has an instantaneous shock head of 1.772 Hr and a Pis of 1.30 Pr, which exhibit a decrease of 0.38% and 0 %, respectively. The research results will provide an important reference value for the prevention of pump station start-up failures under gate rejection conditions.

Peran Pemerintah Kota Medan dalam Menjamin Kesejahteraan Penyandang Disabilitas

The purpose of this research article is to find out the role of the Medan City government in ensuring the welfare of persons with disabilities, the efforts that have been realized by the Medan City government in ensuring the welfare of persons with disabilities and the obstacles found by the Medan City government in ensuring the welfare of persons with disabilities. In Indonesia, all access and empowerment for persons with disabilities are still not effective. This is evident from the lack of provision of public facilities for persons with disabilities, schools or non-formal education for persons with disabilities, empowerment from the government or other agencies as well as periodic social assistance. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and literature studies. The results of this study explain that the role of the Medan City Government through the Social Service in the welfare of persons with disabilities consists of four aspects, namely: the aspect of the facilitator by purchasing and providing assistive facilities and distributing them to persons with disabilities who have been recorded every month. The regulatory aspect of the efforts being made is implementing all the rules and policies based on the Ministry of Social Affairs Regulation Number 2 of 2021 concerning persons with disabilities. From the point of view of the caalitator inviting social problem institutions such as PSM (Community Social Worker), PKSK (District Social Welfare Worker) and TKSPD (Social Welfare Workers for Persons with Disabilities) and the obstacle encountered is the limited budget funds to buy auxiliary equipment facilities, only 75 units each months, there is a quota (limit) for receiving direct cash assistance and there is no Regional Regulation or Medan City Mayor Regulation regarding persons with disabilities

СОСТАВ И РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ

Purpose: to analyze the composition and location of waterworks of reclamation pumping stations. Discussion. The object of research is the waterworks included in the reclamation pumping stations while designing. In the course of the research, the search, analysis and systematization of scientific, technical, regulatory and reference documentation, as well as modern developments in the field of design and calculation of reclamation pumping stations were carried out. During the research, the analytical, comparative and logical methods were used. It has been found that reclamation pumping stations can be both irrigation, drainage, including polder, and for agricultural water supply. The main features of each type of pumping stations are identified according the mode of their operation, the quality of the water supplied, water levels, performance seasonality, durability, type of water source, type of water intake, the need to supply sewage or livestock effluents, the likelihood of flooding and other parameters that affect the composition and location of waterworks. Based on these data, the types of waterworks that can be a part of various reclamation pumping stations have been determined. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the composition of the main and auxiliary reclamation pumping stations facilities was determined. The main layout of typical pumping station structures and their location, layout of irrigation pumping stations facilities used for irrigation with wastewater or livestock effluents, conditions for installing pumping station facilities into the water source course during designing are determined. The results obtained make it possible to apply these provisions in the development of regulations on the design standards for waterworks of reclamation pumping stations that are part of them.

Adoption of e-government services at different maturity levels: a qualitative study in India

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the factors that enable citizens to adopt e-government services at different maturity levels: information, two-way communication, transaction and political participation.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a grounded approach by conducting semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe study reveals that the factors influencing the adoption of e-government services vary at different levels. It identifies 27 influencing factors. In total, 13 of these factors influence adoption at the information level; 13 at the two-way communication level; 25 at the transactional level; and 16 at the political participation level. Auxiliary facilities, connectedness, corruption avoidance, transparency and fairness, customer support and forced adoption, not commonly discussed as influencing factors for e-government adoption in the extant literature, have been revealed in this study.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses qualitative research and rather than generalization, the focus is explicitly on obtaining an in-depth understanding. Although the sampling used is sufficient for the purpose of this study and allows reasonable conclusions to be drawn; however, it cannot be considered representative of a vast country like India. Academicians and information systems researchers can use these findings for further research.Practical implicationsThis study advances the understanding of e-government adoption. The findings have potential implications for public administrators and policymakers in successfully designing, developing and implementing e-government services at different maturity levels.Originality/valueExisting e-government adoption theories are of limited scope and do not capture and specify the complete essence of citizens’ adoption characteristics at different levels of e-government services. Hence, a theoretical gap exists, which this study aims to fill.

On equalization of fundamental education in Tibet: a case study on the trend of conditions of primary and middle schools running

Based on public data such as the Educational Statistics Yearbook and the National Statistics Yearbook, this paper analyzes the equalization trend of fundamental education in the Tibet Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Tibet), China, using data on running conditions in primary and middle schools in Tibet from 2013 to 2020, and carries out clustering of the rankings of data from China in 2020. The results show that the equalization level of primary and middle education in Tibet has continuously improved from 2013 to 2020. This is evidenced by the increases and improvements in education funding per student, student-teacher ratios, numbers and academic qualifications of teachers, per capita teaching areas and per capita teaching assets. In 2020, the per student education fee in Tibet took the lead in China’s 31 provincial regions, and the student-teacher ratio was close to the national average. Running conditions in primary and middle schools in Tibet still require improvement. This is reflected in the low proportion of full-time teaching staff in primary and middle schools, lack of teachers with senior professional titles in middle schools, area of auxiliary teaching facilities (laboratories, computer rooms, gymnasiums, etc.) in middle schools, and especially in high schools, and shortage of teaching assets (books, computers, multimedia classrooms) in middle schools.

Договор на эксплуатацию путей необщего пользования в системе договорных обязательств Беларуси и России

Introduction. In the Republic of Belarus and in the Russian Federation, the railway holds a key place in the freight transportation system. Therefore, special attention is paid to the issue of the formation of appropriate infrastructure, including the construction and operation of auxiliary facilities, in particular, non-public tracks, which requires the development and improvement of appropriate legal forms. One of these forms is the agreement for the operation of a non-public track, which is introduced by acts of special legislation, primarily by the Charter of Public Railway Transport in Belarus and in Chapter 4 of the Charter of Railway Transport of Russia dated January 10, 2003, No. 18-FZ. In legal science, the legal essence of this agreement is debatable. The specified agreement is classified both as an organizational one, and as a services agreement, and as a special transport agreement (an independent agreement-based type), and as a mixed property agreement. Meanwhile, in the transport legislation, the specified agreement is settled as concisely as possible, which can potentially lead to collisions and disputes between the participants in the transportation relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed study is an attempt by means of comparative legal analysis to identify not only the content of obligations arising on the basis of an agreement for the operation of a non-public track, but also to assess the prospects and ways of developing the legal regulation of this sphere in Belarus and Russia. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, in particular, comparative law, the method of systemic and structural analysis, etc. Results: based on the study and comparison of Belarusian and Russian legislation, as well as the provisions of the civil doctrine, the legal nature of the agreement for the operation of nonpublic tracks is clarified. The author’s position regarding the place of the said agreement in the system of civil agreements is substantiated; the issues of improving the statutory regulation of relations arising out of the operation of the named object are raised. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the conclusion on the complex nature of the legal regulation of the transport sphere is substantiated, which is directly manifested in the specifics of the contractual structure under consideration, and the term “agreement for the operation of non-public tracks” itself is a collective symbol that is designed to fix the features of various civil obligations in relation to the transportation process involving the use of tracks not belonging to the owner of the infrastructure. It is established that, taking into account the specific factual circumstances between the participants of the transportation process, one way or another, involving the use of non-public tracks, the relations are formed by their legal nature corresponding to the relations of irregular lease, paid services, usufruct (easement), as well as relations of a mixed nature, mediated by mixed agreements containing the elements of all the listed agreement-based types.

Assessment of the stability of the underworked sides and ledges of the quarry to determine the area of possible location of the shaft

As known, the main methods of developing solid minerals are open and underground methods. However, an analysis of the world’s practice of developing deposits of solid minerals also indicates the widespread use of the combined method of development in the last 50-60 years. Combined development of deposits at domestic and foreign mining enterprises is used due to the variable depth of deposits, which is typical mainly for deposits of steep and inclined fall. The essence of the combined development is that the upper horizons are developed in an open way, and the lower ones are developed underground. In such deposits, the following scheme has become widespread: the initial development of the upper section of the deposit by a shallow quarry (up to a depth of 80-100 m, sometimes more), then the construction of an underground mine, carried out in parallel with the completion of the quarry reserves. When opening sub-quarry reserves subject to underground mining, the resulting quarry space can be used. The penetration of vertical and inclined opening workings, tunnels, and exits from the berm sides or directly from the bottom of the quarry has become widespread. In parallel mining of reserves by open and underground methods, the joint use of transport workings is widely used for the delivery of ore mass from the quarry and underground mine, the placement of an underground crushing complex, auxiliary, and repair facilities in the quarry itself. In addition, the method of refining sub-quarry reserves with the opening of the underground part outside the quarry space has been widely used. After the end of open-pit mining, underground horizons are opened by capital mining workings (vertical, inclined shafts, tunnels).

Jenis Jaringan Informasi Sarana Bantu dan Kendala yang Dihadapi

This research looks at information networks and information systems, as well as the challenges faced by information networks. Many things have been achieved in Indonesia through the use of information networks, one of which is a digital library; there are many facilities that can be used to serve and fulfill the wishes and needs of readers. The obstacle in building information networks in libraries is the lack of user knowledge in accessing libraries that currently use digital technology. There are still many human resources who do not want to work as IT in the library, as seen from the growth of the library's information network which is still limited.
 Keywords: Libraries, Information Networks, Information Systems, Obstacles, Auxiliary Facilities.

Jenis Jaringan Informasi Sarana Bantu dan Kendala yang Dihadapi

This research looks at information networks and information systems, as well as the challenges faced by information networks. Many things have been achieved in Indonesia through the use of information networks, one of which is a digital library; there are many facilities that can be used to serve and fulfill the wishes and needs of readers. The obstacle in building information networks in libraries is the lack of user knowledge in accessing libraries that currently use digital technology. There are still many human resources who do not want to work as IT in the library, as seen from the growth of the library's information network which is still limited.
 Keywords: Libraries, Information Networks, Information Systems, Obstacles, Auxiliary Facilities.

공공체육시설 관리자가 인식하는 운영실태의 문제점 및 개선방향: FGI(Focus Group Interview)를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze the management and operation status of public sports facilities and to suggest improvement plans by deriving problems. In line with the purpose of this study, in-depth interviews and FGI (Focus Group Interview) were conducted for managers of public sports facilities in Gyeonggi-do. As a result of the analysis according to the purpose of this study, the factors for the successful operation of public sports facilities are as follows. First, user satisfaction was analyzed as the most important factor for successful operation of public sports facilities to enhance user satisfaction. Second, it was analyzed as a problem requiring expansion of the main and auxiliary facilities of public sports facilities. Third, securing and managing manpower was analyzed as an important factor for the successful operation of public sports facilities. Fourth, for the successful operation of public sports facilities, a management policy that considers publicity rather than profitability is necessary. Lastly, it was analyzed that the expansion of facilities and programs for the socially underprivileged was necessary as a factor for the successful operation of public sports facilities.

Adoption of Green Neighbourhood Development: A Case of Affordable Housing Projects

The Kenyan government identified low-cost housing as one of four top priorities and aimed to add 500 000 affordable homes. The ability of affordable housing projects to continue, remain sustainable, and be effective is one of the most crucial hurdles. Expanding the boundaries of assessment to the neighbourhood scale in Kenya means that not only the single buildings but also spaces between them, services that are provided, humans and other organisms that are living there, and the synergies between this broad range of elements and activities have to be considered in the assessment process. This study examined in detail the provision of low-cost housing within the LEED-ND rating system as a platform for having a rating system that focuses on sustainable low-cost housing. The study adopted a survey research design and made use of both qualitative and quantitative modes of investigation to examine the green building practice in Kenya. The proposed park road Ngara project entailed the construction of six blocks four of them housing one two and three-bedroom units, one block housing a parking silo, and another housing a kindergarten and other auxiliary facilities. The study’s target population comprises park road low-cost housing units of the big four agenda by the government. Analysis was undertaken to generate a descriptive picture of the data gathered. The study concludes that the process used to produce an implementation tool can be just as crucial to the success of the tool itself as the tool itself is to the success of the process. The high cost of certification and the labour-intensive complexity of certifying development projects which frequently encompassed a large number of buildings and were finished over several years had two primary issues established, the first being that green neighbourhood assessment systems that are utilised frequently were called LEED-ND. Secondly, the green neighbourhood assessment was another popular technique that was utilised to assist in the decision-making process. The results of the study indicate that LEED-ND is currently the standard that the industry has adopted as a benchmark for environmentally responsible neighbourhood development everywhere in the world. The study recommends that LEED-ND incorporate a post-occupancy evaluation to determine the level of satisfaction felt by residents and transition from a prescriptive-based system to a performance-based one.

뮤지엄 사인시스템 프레임워크 연구

The goal of this study is to establish a sign system framework that can efficiently access events such as exhibitions, education, performances, and festivals by curators and researchers based on the problems of the signing system, the need to redefine functional spaces, and the importance of setting guidelines. Therefore, previous studies on the sign-in system available in the museum, field inspection, and target group interview (FGI) were conducted. The findings are as follows. First, previous studies on the museum sign system and the sign system of domestic museums were investigated and analyzed. Second, the importance of basic, core facilities, and auxiliary facilities was presented to establish the name and function of the museum space. Third, to propose the museum sign system framework, we proposed the direction of four guidelines: location, installation, marking element, form and structure, and tone and manner, focusing on guide, descriptor, regulatory sign, guide sign, and decorative sign. Fourth, the process of developing a sign system was proposed to the museum. This study can bring about the improvement of exhibition and educational services and the increase of promotion in terms of museums, curators, researchers, and design.