Auxiliary Attachment Research Articles

A multi-channel soft biometrics framework for seamless border crossings

As the number of passengers at border entry points such as airports and rail stations increases, so does the demand for seamless, secure, and fast biometric technologies for verification purposes. Although fingerprints are currently useful biometric technologies, they are intrusive and slow down the end-to-end verification process, increasing the chances of tampering. Emerging as an alternative technology, soft biometrics have proven successful for non-intrusive and rapid verification. Soft biometrics consists of a large set of features from three different modalities of the human body, including the face, body, and essential & auxiliary attachments. This paper proposes a multi-channel soft biometrics framework that leverages soft biometrics technology over traditional biometrics. The framework encapsulates four distinct components: ApparelNet, which verifies essential and auxiliary attachments; A-Net, which measures anthropometric soft biometrics; OneDetect, which predicts global soft biometrics; and RSFS, which develops a set of highly relevant and supportive soft biometrics for verification. The proposed framework addresses several critical limitations of existing biometrics technologies during the verification process at border entry points, such as intrusive behavior, response time, biometric tampering, and privacy issues. The proposed multi-channel soft biometrics framework has been evaluated using several benchmark datasets in the field, such as Front-view Gait (FVG), Pedestrian Attribute Recognition At Far Distance (PETA), and Multimedia and Vision (MMV) Pedestrian. Using heterogeneous datasets enables the testing of each framework component or channel against numerous constrained and unconstrained scenarios. The outcome of the envisioned multi-channel soft biometrics framework is presented based on distinct outcomes from each channel, but it remains focused on determining a single cumulative verification score for verification at border control. In addition, this multi-channel soft biometrics framework has extended applications in several fields, including crowd surveillance, the fashion industry, and e-learning.

The Use of 3D Printers in Orthodontics - A Narrative Review.

Developments in computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing have revolutionized the workflow for orthodontic applications. The purpose of this review article is to provide information about 3D printer history and types, appliances manufactured using 3D printers, and new designs that can be used in different cases. Articles published between January 2010 and November 2020 were reviewed on PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Google academic resources, and 69 were identified as appropriate for the study. It was seen that bracket and archwires, nasoalveolar molding devices, orthognathic surgical splints, removable appliances, expansion appliances, clear aligner, retainers, auxiliary attachments, and working models can all be made with 3D printers. The 3D printer is now a technology that is easily accessible to orthodontists, increasing the production of different customizable appliances and promising a transition to a digital clinical workflow in the future.

Flowable Composites in Daily Orthodontic Practice - A Review

With the advancement of adhesive materials and application techniques, orthodontists can now use these materials for various purposes in their regular practice. The scope, limitations, and effectiveness of using flowable composite in the daily orthodontic practice have been discussed. In comparison to other alternative procedures, this paper highlighted several uses of flowable composite in orthodontics that could save both effort and chairside time, as well as stock. Searching without restrictions has been done by two researchers in different databases like PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, and hand searching until October 2021. Following data extraction and excluding the duplicated articles, only 19 full-text articles assessed the uses of flowable composite in orthodontics were considered in this review. In conclusion, flowable composites have been used in various conditions either as a major adhesive material for the orthodontic brackets and lingual retainers (with some limitations) or as an auxiliary attachment and bite raising device. New uses have been added to the previous ones to help orthodontists improve their outcomes. Improving this material's physical, mechanical, and biological properties may increase its orthodontic uses in the future. Augmenting the strength and reducing the micro leakage will add more flowable composite to orthodontic bracket adhesive materials.

Giant kelp vegetative propagation: Adventitious holdfast elements rejuvenate senescent individuals of the Macrocystis pyrifera "integrifolia" ecomorph.

Recent findings on holdfast development in the giant kelp highlighted its key importance for Macrocystis vegetative propagation. We report here for the first time the development of adventitious holdfasts from Macrocystis stipes. Swellings emerge spontaneously from different areas of the stipes, especially in senescent or creeping individuals. After being manually fastened to solid substrata, these swellings elongated into haptera, which became strongly attached after 1month. Within 4months, new thalli increased in size and vitality, and developed reproductive fronds. Our results suggest the usage of these structures for auxiliary attachment techniques. These could act as a backup, when primary holdfasts are weak, and thus improve the survival rate of the giant kelp in natural beds.

Enigmas from the past: M'Intosh's (1885) annelidicolous copepodsfrom the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger.

The type material of four monotypic genera, Leaniricola, Oestrella, Praxillinicola and Trophoniphila (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), described by M'Intosh (1885) from deep water polychaete hosts collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition, is re-examined. Leaniricola rotundata M'Intosh (1885) is removed from its floating status as species inquirenda in the Nereicolidae and fixed as the type of a new family, Leaniricolidae fam. nov., based on the presence of an oral cone and massive, three-dimensionally expanded, mandibular gnathobases which are used to anchor the parasite in the parapodial integument of its host. The ectoparasitic Praxillinicola kroyeri (M'Intosh, 1885), previously treated as a species inquirenda in the Clausiidae, cannot be placed in any of the currently recognized poecilostome families and is here fixed as the type of a new family, Praxillinicolidae fam. nov. Females are characterized by unique bilobate antennules, contained within anterior sockets shared with the reduced antennae, and by paired labral hooks, both of which probably serve as auxiliary attachment organs. Despite its highly transformed body P. kroyeri has retained the plesiomorphic condition of the female genital system, with the gonopores positioned dorsolaterally and the paired copulatory pores lying close together on the midventral surface. The position of the mesoparasitic Trophoniphila bradyi M'Intosh, 1885 in the Bradophilidae is confirmed based on the presence of a median copulatory pore in the female, the disproportionately large egg sacs, the shape of the ectosoma and host utilization. Both sexes of Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 are re-examined and the male is redescribed in detail. Flabellicola Gravier, 1918a is treated as a genus incertae sedis in the Bradophilidae. The anal prominence, previously reported in the female of Oestrella (= Melinnacheres) levinseni M'Intosh, 1885 (Saccopsidae), proved upon re-examination to be one of the paired genital apertures. The third and fourth pairs of appendages reported in male saccopsids are here interpreted as the maxillae and maxillipeds, respectively.

CASE STUDY IN SYSTEMATIC DESIGN ENGINEERING – WIND TUNNEL BALANCE MODEL SUPPORT

Students learning design engineering at times need a good example of procedure for novel design engineering. The systematic heuristic-strategic use of a theory to guide the design process – Engineering Design Science – and the methodical design process followed in this case study is only necessary in limited situations. The full procedure should be learned, such that the student can select appropriate parts for other applications. Creativity is usually characterized by a wide search for solutions, especially those that are innovative. The search can be helped by this systematic and methodical approach. This case example is presented to show application of the recommended method, and the expected scope of the output, with emphasis on the stages of conceptualizing. The case follows a novel design problem of an auxiliary attachment to render a wind tunnel balance more versatile to accommodate several different test models.

Literature Review of Methods for Mitigating Hydroelastic Response of VLFS Under Wave Action

Presented herein is a literature review on the design and performance of antimotion structures/devices such as breakwaters, submerged plates, oscillating water column breakwaters, air-cushion, auxiliary attachments, and mechanical joints for mitigating the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures (VLFS) under wave action. Shapes of VLFS that could minimize the hydrodynamic response of the structure are also discussed. The analytical, numerical, and experimental methods used in studying the effect of these antimotion structures/devices toward reducing the hydroelastic responses of VLFS are also reviewed.

New analytical approach to energy pumping problem in strongly nonhomogeneous 2dof systems

We present new analytical approach to the problem of energy pumping in strongly non- homogeneous nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) systems with single anchor spring under condition of initial impact. Energy pumping is a passive, almost irreversible transfer of mechanical energy from the main substructure of the system to the light auxiliary attachment. The mechanism of energy pumping in the system under consideration is a resonance capture. The approach is based on application of Laplace transformation to the principal asymptotic approximation of the equations of motion in complex form and using the power expansion of the solution in terms of time. Obtained temporal dependence of the system energetic characteristics gives a tool for estimation of energy pumping efficiency. In particular, we show that the system without an anchor spring in attachment is more efficient than the system with such a spring. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical results.

Design of Mechanical Energy Pumping Devices

In this paper we study energy pumping phenomena in two- and three-degrees-of-freedom systems of coupled linear and nonlinear oscillators. Energy pumping is a passive, almost irreversible transfer of mechanical energy from the main substructure of the system to the light auxiliary attachment. The mechanism of energy pumping in the systems under consideration is resonance capture. Different designs of systems allowing energy pumping are examined both analytically and numerically. We propose a novel methodology for analyzing the transient response via time evolution of modulating functions. The analytical description of the process in terms of complex variables turns out to be in good agreement with the results of numerical simulations. We show that necessary conditions for applications of energy pumping can actually be provided. We show that it is possible to design a type of gear box (i.e. a system of various attachments connected with the main substructure in turn) providing more efficient energy transfer from the heavy oscillator (the main system) to the light auxiliary oscillator. We also study the design of the nonlinear auxiliary subsystem comprised of two linearly coupled cubic oscillators with different parameters linearly coupled with the main system. We show that such a design can improve the technical characteristics of the energy pumping device.

A camphor-derived chiral auxiliary for hydroxyalkyl radicals

A new camphor-derived chiral auxiliary for hydroxyalkyl radicals is described. The auxiliary is prepared by the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 3-fluorocamphor 12 to give lactone 14, followed by its reduction to the lactol 16. Compound 16 is converted to the acetal–ester 17 and then on to radical precursor 18. A key feature of this auxiliary is the incorporation of a fluorine atom at C-3 (pyranoside numbering), which accelerates the Baeyer–Villiger reaction, results in complete anomeric control during auxiliary attachment, and stabilizes the resulting acetal center. The chiral radical derived from carboxylic acid 18 adds to methyl 2-trifluoroacetoxyacrylate to give adducts 22 and 23 with good diastereocontrol (ds from 3:1 at 0°C up to 4.5:1 at −78°C).

Radical-based asymmetric synthesis: an iterative approach to 1, 3, 5, ... (2n + 1) polyols.

[formula: see text] A conceptually novel approach to 1, 3, 5, ... (2n + 1) polyols based on iterative stereo-controlled homologation of chiral hydroxyalkyl radicals is reported. Starting from alpha-keto ester precursors, the general sequence of (1) ketone reduction, (2) auxiliary attachment, (3) saponification, (4) Barton esterification, and (5) radical addition provided the two-carbon homologue in 70-80% overall yield. The simplicity and generality of this iterative strategy for 1, 3, 5, ... (2n + 1) polyol synthesis suggests an attractive alternative for the preparation of molecules containing this structural motif.

Anatomy of musculus levator veli palatini in the 15-week human fetus.

The morphology of musculus levator veli palatini in the 15-week fetus was analyzed using 30-micrometer subserial sections. The sample included 26 specimens, of which 9 each were sectioned coronally and sagittally while 8 were sectioned in the transverse plane. At this stage of development m. levator veli palatini takes a general attachment to the precursor of the petrous part of the temporal bone, and, in some cases, auxiliary attachments to the auditory tube complex were also observed. At its origin, the muscle is located anterior to the tube. It then runs medially, passing beneath the auditory tube prior to entering the velum. As it nears the region of the lateral pharyngeal wall, a small fascicle trails posteriorly and inferiorly to the main muscle mass and occasionally runs into the upper margin of m. constrictor pharyngis superior. The levator muscle is more localized within the velum at this stage of development than it has been reported to be in the adult, being confined here to the central third of the soft palate. Most of the fibers of the muscle appear to form a sling within the central 20% of the velum, although some were seen to take attachment to loose connective tissue and the palatine raphe. Upon its entry into the velum, m. levator veli palatini is intersected vertically by bundles of both mm. palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus.

Attachment fixation for overdentures. Part I

Scientific evidence of both constructive and destructive movements of teeth has influenced the design and selection of attachments for overdentures. Dowel designs that would be acceptable for normal copings must be reconsidered in view of the mechanical effectiveness of parallel-walled dowels and screws. Coping designs for attachment overdentures must provide retention, resistance to rotation, and bulk when joined with the dowel and attachment, without negating the advantage of the reduced crown-root ratio. Splinting with a bar-type attachment (1) has advantages over splinting with a stud-type attachment that outweigh the disadvantages of bulk and (2) provides ease of replacement when one of several remaining teeth is excessively mobile. Part II will consider the various types of bar, stud, and auxiliary attachments for the overdenture.

Deltidial spines in the Triassic BrachiopodBittnerula

New specimens ofBittnerula zitteli (Bittner) from the Triassic of northern Italy show that the deltidium bore spines, thickly clustered in the apical region. The spines were probably developed as auxiliary attachment or stabilising structures during or after the early atrophy of the pedicle. Deltidial spines are not known in any other spiriferide brachiopod. The only possible analogues in the Brachiopoda are the spines on the «elytridium» of the aulostegid productoids.

Instrument for rapid measurement of surface deformations of a 210ft radio telescope

A description is given of an instrument designed for the rapid measurement of the surface deformations of the 210ft (64 m) radio telescope at Parkes, Australia. The method is based on the measurement, from the vertex, of small differences in the angular positions of targets, fixed to the dish surface, at known radial distances. The results are recorded photographically for later analysis. It is shown that the instrument, in conjunction with auxiliary attachments, can measure the dish shape with errors not exceeding 1.2mm at the zenith, and deformation due to tilting of the telescope with errors generally not exceeding 1.5mm at a zenithal angle of 60°. A complete survey of the dish at any zenithal angle can be made in 9–13h. Measurements with the equipment also permit the radio axis of the dish, computed from the measured feed position and geometrical dish axis, to be related to the ‘vertical’ of the telescope (defined as the mean normal to the azimuthal track).

A spark-traverse attachment for the Hilger large quartz spectrograph

An auxiliary attachment for the Hilger large quartz spectrograph has been described, with which it is possible to guide a sample under a stationary upper electrode while the photographic plate on which the spectrogram is recorded moves downward past the camera aperture of the spectrograph. The width of the spark crater caused by this form of excitation is 0.4 mm (0.016 in.). From the resultant spectrogram, it is possible to determine quantitatively the variations in concentration of the elements Mn, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo and V over the area of sample traversed. With certain modifications of the technique it is hoped later to include carbon in the above range of elements.An illustration is given of the application of the above technique to the determination of variations in composition across a weld area.It is considered that this technique will prove of valuable assistance to the metallurgist in the examination of: (a) Concentration variation within steel segregates. (b) Variation in composition across a weld area. (c) Inclusions in steel.

A Portable Oscillograph With Unique Features

This paper describes a simplified portable oscillograph having a number of new optical and electrical features. The optical system, which consists of a combination of cylindrical lenses with axes at right angles, is designed to permit simultaneous viewing and photographing. A continuous time axis for both the viewing screen and film is secured by means of a small, variable speed, revolving mirror. New galvanometers have been developed which have electromagnetic damping instead of the usual oil damping. These galvanometers are very rugged and have been built for recording frequencies as high as 14,000 cycles per sec. The oscillograph is entirely self-contained and may be operated from a 110-volt 80-cycle lighting circuit without auxiliary attachments. The compactness and portability of the instrument can be seen from its over-all dimensions which are 8 × 11½ × 11 in. and from its total weight, which is approximately 18 lb.

Appliances showing secure force control for lingual movement of incisors and buccal movement of canines and premolars

control. The principle of force application is positive, mild and constant in character. The mechanism is free from the numerous auxiliary attachments characteristic of most appliances. It is, therefore, comfortable to the patient and easy to keep clean. A case from practice will be used to illustrate the construction, application and manipulation of the appliances. The patient was a girl twelve years of age. Sectional modeling compound impressions were taken and casts completed (Fig. 1). Classification was neutroclusion. Changes indicated in the maxillary arch were buccal move-