Policy Autonomy Research Articles

The Role of the School Committee in the Implementation of School-Based Management in the Sidoarjo District

<em>The role of school committees in improving the quality of education through the concept of School-Based Management (SBM) is motivated by changes in education policy from centralization to decentralization as a consequence of regional autonomy policies. This change has a positive impact, namely encouraging community participation to participate in improving the quality of education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of school committees in the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) policies. Data were collected through document studies and interviews of public and private SMP/MTs in Sidoarjo Regency with a sample of 24 schools, while data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the role of the school committee was quite high. The advisory role averaged 86%, the supporting role reached an average of 90%, the controlling role averaged 53%, and the mediating role reached an average of 83%. From this percentage, it is hoped that the role of the school committee will have an impact on improving the quality of education continuously.</em>

Membaca Konflik: Problematika dan Refleksi atas Kehidupan Beragama Masyarakat Aceh Singkil

Aceh is a region in Indonesia that implements a special autonomy policy based on Islamic law. In that special autonomy, one of the things that are regulated is the freedom of religion that has been enshrined in the qanun. Qanun is a local regulation that regulates the government and lives of people in Aceh Province. In the qanun, the religious freedom of the people of Aceh has been guaranteed and protected. However, there are some conflicts between religious groups that have the potential to cause disharmony. One such region is Singkil. This article aims to describe the problems and reflections on the religious life of the people of Aceh Singkil. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a literary study approach. The results showed that there are factors that encourage the emergence of conflicts, namely the lack of tolerance and cynicism toward a difference in society. Therefore, it is necessary to realize inclusive community attitudes and strengthen the literacy of moderation of religious life through various humanist approaches. In addition, a firm attitude of the government is needed in setting a fair policy that accommodates all groups.

학교자율화정책 이후 일반고 교수학습 문화의 변화

Along with the implementation of the government's school autonomy policy, we wanted to investigate to what extent teacher led lectures and test-solving classes would be changed into learner centered or student activity-oriented class in a general high school(Sky high school), using qualitative research method. In the Sky high school, the principal waited for teachers to change their teaching methods, rather than demanding changes and supported teachers who tried to change teaching method. There were teacher learning communities and teacher training led by a head teacher in the Sky high school. The student activity-oriented class as an “emergent culture,” were conducted by individual teachers. Students who were in higher grade and higher achieved were less likely to be positive to activity-oriented classes since such classes were seen as less effective in preparation for college entrance. School autonomy in the Sky high school has led not to force or not to interfere, not to say hateful things each other, and not to stand out. Not to stand out has been kept by the effect of the uniform egalitarian teacher culture as residual culture and to avoid anxiety of status and identity of teachers who have conducted teacher led lectures and test-solving classes.

POLICY ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY FOR TRADITIONAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTIN CIMAHI CITY

The autonomy policy has directed the development policy of CimahiCity to improve the standard of living of the community with the potential of the trade and service sector. The policy made by the Government to increase the contribution of the trade sector is to increase traditional market activities. A special program for the development of traditional markets, namely the revitalization of the traditional markets of Pasar Atas Baru, Pasar Cimindi, Pasar Melong and Pasar Citeureup, but the program only caused controversy with traders who were deemed unsuitable for the needs of the place of sale. This study uses three analyzes. Stakeholder analysis was conducted to determine the level of involvement, interest, and influence of all stakeholders involved in traditional market development policies. Descriptive analysis is used to determine the cause of the ineffectiveness of the policy, whether the preparation process is not right or the implementation is not going well. PHA analysis is used to formulate a strategy for developing traditional market rights in Cimahi City so that it can be input for the Regional Government.

Monetary policy autonomy and foreign reserves accumulation in Brazil: a compensation view

Abstract During the 2000s, Brazil accumulated a substantial amount of foreign reserves through foreign exchange market interventions undertaken by its Central Bank. Mainstream economics considers such interventions a restriction to monetary policy autonomy. This article analyses the relationship between monetary policy autonomy and exchange rate regimes theoretically and empirically for the Brazilian economy. We argue that the compensation principle, as a direct derivation of the endogenous money approach, is an alternative to both the trilemma and dilemma views in the mainstream perspective. Then, we provide empirical evidence in favour of the compensation principle in the Brazilian economy by verifying the exogeneity of the interest rate and estimating a vector error-correction model (VECM) that indicates that the foreign reserves do not have a long-term effect on the monetary base, while they present a significant and large effect on the repos account. In line with the compensation view, we conclude that in the 2000s, Brazil had more monetary policy autonomy than conventional approaches would have suggested.

Analisis kebijakan otonomi pendidikan di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the autonomy policy of education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research techniques. The results of this study indicate that the increase in the education budget allocation has not been able to increase the competitiveness of national education in the global arena. The implementation of educational autonomy through the establishment of various policies, including school-based management and the independent campus policy aims to give authority to educational institutions to provide flexibility in the management of education. Although the education autonomy policy has been able to increase the national education participation rate, this policy also raises new problems such as policy conflicts between the central government, regional governments, and educational institutions, inefficiency in education management, the occurrence of new corrupt practices, and education policies that tend to be top-down. The conclusion is that although it is in line with the demands of reform, education autonomy in Indonesia does not necessarily improve the quality of national education.

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE RATIO IN MAMUJU REGENCY

The local autonomy policy has given very broad authority to regulate local government. To implement local government, adequate finance is required. This research aims to analyze the financial independence ratio of the Mamuju Regency Government for the 2015-2019 Fiscal Year. To find out the level of local independence ratio is to compare the local revenue with financial assistance provided by the central government, provincial governments, and loans. The research method used is qualitative research with an inductive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews and documentation. Interviews were conducted to 5 (five) informants using snowball sampling technique. The data that has been collected is then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the ratio analysis of local financial independence was 7.18% in the Very Low category. As for the inhibiting factors for the low ratio of financial independence, namely the lack of planning, the lack of use of technology, and the low competence of employees. With regard to these conditions, local governments should increase local revenue by optimizing local tax and levy revenues by making special applications to facilitate the collection of local taxes and levies, as well as innovating related to the development of Local Owned Enterprises in accordance with local potential.

Helping hand or centralizing tool? The politics of conditional grants in Australia, Canada, and the United States

AbstractConditional grant programs are widely used in federal systems to address the tension between decentralized policy provision and territorial equity, given constraints on constituent units' ability to raise revenues. While enhancing their financial capacity, conditional grants are often seen as reducing constituent units' policy autonomy. Against this backdrop, this article examines the actual impact conditional grants have on the capacity and autonomy of a constituent unit. We analyze key milestones in the genesis and evolution of conditional grant programs in education and healthcare in Australia, Canada, and the United States. We find that the impact of conditional grants primarily depends on constituent units' size, fiscal capacity, and distinctiveness. Conditional grants are most beneficial to smaller and/or fiscally weaker constituent units but highly distinctive units suffer the most significant autonomy losses. If they are not to exacerbate centralization, conditional grants programs thus need to be sensitive to the preferences of the more distinctive constituent units.

Implikasi Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah terhadap Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Madrasah performance dominantly to date is very low and below the standard of other educational institutions. Only a small number of Islamic education are able to compete with other educational institutions. Seeing such a phenomenon is interesting to conduct an assessment of the conditions and problems that are actually faced by Islamic education institutions in Indonesia. Research is a literature research with the focus of the study of the implications of regional autonomy policies in the management of Islamic educational institutions, while the object to be studied is the implications of the regional autonomy policy in the management of Islamic educational institutions, with the procedure for obtaining data on researchers using literature. The data obtained will be identified, examined, analyzed, and interpreted so that the substance of the implications of regional autonomy policies in the management of Islamic educational institutions can be captured. After that, researchers will try to compare with other theories, to achieve a complete picture of the implications of regional autonomy policies in the management of Islamic educational institutions. The results of the study that the presence of madrasas in Indonesia has the same duties and roles as schools. As an educational institution that prepares the young generation of Muslims for the future, madrassas are expected to be able to produce graduates who will be able to play an important role in all sectors of national life, both the religious, social, economic, political, scientific and technology sectors. Madrasas are seeded than public schools because madrasas provide religious education (which is better than public schools) in addition to public education (which is the same as public schools). The problem that is still faced by madrasas today is the still low quality standards of general education provided in madrasas. Problems in the management of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia faced, are (1) management problems which include the field of human resources/education personnel, curriculum fields, facilities and infrastructure; (2) Conceptual-Teoritis and Operational-Practical Problems; and (3) the problem of education policies and politics. Keywords: Implications, Regional Autonomy, Madrasa, Problems, Solutions

The Progress of Regional Autonomy Policy and Development Attainments: Indonesia's Experience (1999-2021)

When regional autonomy was implemented in 1999, many questioned whether there would automatically be a fundamental and structural paradigm shift. By critically examining various dimensions of regional development problems in the era of decentralization, the main objective of this study is to analyze development achievements in Indonesia during the implementation of regional autonomy policies (1999-2021). This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study can be viewed from the four dimensions of decentralization: Political, Administrative, Fiscal, and Economic. Regional autonomy has encouraged a democratic culture amid people's lives from the political dimension. However, the biggest problem in political development is the weak performance of democratic institutions such as parliaments and political parties. From the dimension of government administration, there is a shift from vertical to horizontal accountability, where information and accountability are not given in one direction vertically but also to the people. From the fiscal dimension, regions have not fully optimized regional original revenue and regional economic potential. Fiscal decentralization has not yet had an optimal impact on development in the education, health, and social service sectors. From the economic dimension, there are still very few regions that are serious about using the potential of their natural resources and human resources to increase the competitiveness of their regions in the context of economic development.

Policies of quality and autonomy in times of economic crisis: Governing the sector of early childhood education and care

This study focuses on the debate surrounding global policies and practices related to the sector of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), utilizing the Greek policy context as an example. Drawing on the critical education policy studies literature, this paper interrogates the complex concepts of quality and autonomy, which are core in the global agenda. We do this by exploring how the international and national austerity measures, imposed in many countries – and especially in Greece, marked by a devastating economic crisis in the last decade – have affected their re-interpretation and translation. Our empirical data suggest that municipal ECEC directors, interviewed in the context of our research, hold diverse views on quality, raising issues of inequality, limited participation and low attainment. The study generates reflections, suggesting that the idea of autonomy has been systematically associated with Greece’s economic struggles and therefore understood and re-interpreted by the participants in a constrained way that limits their action. The way these notions are re-contextualized at the municipal level, and the consequences for ECEC provision, pose as key issues of this research.

Collaborative Governance Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Waduk Penjalin Di Desa Winduaji Kecamatan Paguyangan Kabupaten Brebes

This study aims to determine the collaborative governance process in the development of tourist villages in Winduaji Village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency. The existence of village autonomy policies and laws regarding village development that are carried out independently can provide opportunities for village governments to carry out village development by utilizing potential resources they have to meet community needs in particular and in general. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) the collaborative governance process in the development of tourist villages in Winduaji Village which was able to obtain a form of achievement award in the field of tourism village development. This research was conducted using a qualitative method, with a descriptive approach. The informant selection technique used purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model, while the data validity uses triangulation to obtain valid data. The results of the study show that in the collaborative governance process in the development of tourist villages in Winduaji Village, it shows that in the development of tourist villages each involved party has a role, starting from the government, the community, tourism awareness groups, the private sector so that they are able to create useful activities and provide benefits. positive impact on society in particular and in general. 
 
 Keywords; Collaborative Governance, Tourism Village, Tourism Awareness Group.

THE ROLES OF LEADERSHIP, REGIONAL GOVERNMENT, DPRD, AND LOCAL REVENUE ON BUSINESS LICENSING’S EFFECTIVENESS

Every implementation of autonomy affairs is expected to achieve effective and efficient use of resources. His desire to create an image that local governments can use resources, both in the form of human resources, regional revenue budgets, equipment and work procedures in carrying out their main duties effectively and efficiently in good governance. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership, the role of local government, the role of the Jayapura City DPRD and local revenues together to partially compile the effectiveness of business license in Jayapura City. To obtain a comprehensive and in-depth picture, a descriptive method with a quantitative approach is used to analyze existing empirical data and correlate with concepts related to special autonomy policies. First, leadership has a partial significant effect on the effectiveness of business licensing in Jayapura City. Second, the role of local governments partially has a significant effect on the effectiveness of business license in Jayapura City. Third, the role of the DPRD partially has a significant effect on the effectiveness of nusaha license in Jayapura City. Fourth, the original regional income partially affects the effectiveness of business licensing in Jayapura City. Fifth, leadership, the role of local governments, the role of the DPRD and local revenue simultaneously have a significant effect on the effectiveness of business license in Jayapura City.

ÖZBEKİSTAN’IN MİRZİYOYEV ÖNDERLİĞİNDEKİ DIŞ POLİTİKASI: OTONOMİYİ SÜRDÜRME MÜCADELESİ

This study explores Uzbekistan’s foreign policy during the presidency of Shavkat Mirziyoyev by focusing on its relations with the leading powers such as Russia, the United States (U.S.), China as well as the Central Asian Republics, and Turkey. The article argues that Uzbekistan, during the Mirziyoyev era continues to adhere to the multi-vectoral line in foreign policy whose main principles have been determined by the former President Islam Karimov. Yet, Mirziyoyev has also left his imprint on Uzbekistan’s foreign policy by reengaging with the Central Asian Republics through augmentation of diplomatic exchanges, organization of multilateral gatherings, resolution of border disagreements and resumption of transportation links. He also restored ties with Turkey, a significant regional power that presented new opportunities for Uzbekistan especially in the economic realm. The article also claims that the progressive decline of the U.S. impact in Central Asia in the wake of military withdrawal from Afghanistan in August 2021 and the growing apprehension in the region buttressed by the rapid Taliban takeover of Afghanistan may help Russia and China to play more dominant roles in Uzbekistan in security and economic domains which might undermine its endeavour to sustain autonomy in foreign policy.

SINERGIRITAS BUMDES DAN POKDARWIS DALAM PENGELOLAAN DESA WISATA

The autonomy policy is the focus of the central and regional governments, the autonomy policy is basically the delegation of rights, authorities, and obligations to the regions in order to be able to regulate and manage their own government affairs for the benefit of the community. Along with the development of the autonomy policy, the government feels that it is time for the village to implement autonomy to accelerate village economic growth. Duda Timur Village is one of the villages in the Karangasem Strait District, Bali which is currently developing the potential of a tourist village. The development of village tourism is also supported by the existence of creative industries in Duda Timur Village. So that through the synergy of Pokdarwis and BUMDes, it is hoped that this can be the right step that can accelerate the growth of the village economy and can accelerate government programs related to autonomy.

NARATIVE REVIEW KONTEN PUBLIKASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DESENTRALISASI DAN OTONOMI DAERAH DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN

Border areas are very lagging behind in the field of development when compared to development in neighboring countries. There are several problems that need to be resolved in the border areas with neighboring countries. The welfare of the people living in border areas needs to be considered. The purpose of writing is to conduct a narrative review of the published content of the implementation of decentralization and autonomy policies in border areas. The research was conducted using a narrative review method with searches through the ISJD database, garudaristekbrin.go.id, doaj.org, google scholar, and academic.microsoft.com/homes. The data collected were 18 articles that were appropriate to be grouped into 3 major themes, namely: implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy; border area problems; border area development. The results show that according to historical records, regional autonomy has been implemented in Indonesia since the days of the kingdom, colonialism, and the development period of the Law on Regional Autonomy, namely Law Number 1 of 1945. Border areas face the problem of disparity or gaps in regional growth and regional autonomy. socio-economic status in border areas with the phenomenon of rampant illegal logging activities, illegal trade, illegal migration flows, and the many shifts in the boundaries between countries. The solution to the problem of development in border areas offered by the author is asymmetric decentralization.

A Study of Special Autonomy Policy and Its Effect on Aceh Community Welfare in Indonesia

The management of special autonomy funds in Lhokseumawe City has not worked well, all market infrastructure development that uses the autonomy fund cannot prosper the community, and infrastructure development until now is still abandoned and cannot be used for community needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the policy of the Lhokseumawe City government in the management of Aceh special autonomy funds. Also, to identify the management of Aceh's special autonomy funds in the field of market infrastructure is on target or not. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type analysis. The results showed that the policy of the Lhokseumawe City government in the management of market infrastructure through special autonomy funds included actors involved in the process of preparing special autonomy budgets, namely Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) and also Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Kab/Kota (DPRK), while the actors involved in market development that is Dinas Perindustrian Perdagangan dan Koperasi (DISPERINDAGKOP), and Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (SATPOL PP). In conclusion, this study indicated that Lhokseumawe city government policy in the process of preparing the autonomy budget did not involve street vendors and the surrounding community as direct stakeholders. Market development planning programs are carried out in a "top-down" manner so that the impact on the resulting program is not appropriate to the needs and cannot be felt directly by the community. The development of market infrastructure using special autonomy funds is less felt by the community, this is because planning does not involve the community and is mostly not by the needs of the community, so in the field, the community rejects the help of this market development. The recommendation given in this study is that there must be community involvement in the Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan (MUSREMBANG).

Aceh's Special Autonomy Tri Lustrum Evaluative Notes

Tri lustrum implementation of special autonomy in Aceh requires evaluation of all dimensions of regional autonomy. Evaluation notes are important as a basis for developing a special autonomy policy framework in the future. This study aims to present a corrective note on the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh Province and its regencies and cities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with literature study and spatial analysis methods. The novelty presented in this article is the presence of a multidimensional discussion of special autonomy to see the performance of Aceh over the past fifteen years. The urgency is the amount of the Special Autonomy Fund for the sixteenth year to the twentieth year, which is equivalent to 1% (one percent) of the ceiling of the National General Allocation Fund (DAU). Significant spatial changes have occurred in the last fifteen years in Aceh, although they are still slower than other areas in Sumatra. Another problem that arises in this study is the stagnant position of Aceh as a region that is not yet fiscally independent. The political dimension also shows that the people's political preference for local parties in Aceh has weakened. This study also highlights the absence of a standard reference regarding the division of authority between the Central Government, Aceh Government, and Regency/City Governments. In conclusion, special autonomy in Aceh has not been running optimally and requires reform of the Special Autonomy policy as a corrective effort to several problems presented in this study.

Resource Profiling and Performance Modeling for Distributed Scientific Computing Environments

Scientific applications often require substantial amount of computing resources for running challenging jobs potentially consisting of many tasks from hundreds of thousands to even millions. As a result, many institutions collaborate to solve large-scale problems by creating virtual organizations (VOs), and integrate hundreds of thousands of geographically distributed heterogeneous computing resources. Over the past decade, VOs have been proven to be a powerful research testbed for accessing massive amount of computing resources shared by several organizations at almost no cost. However, VOs often suffer from providing exact dynamic resource information due to their scale and autonomous resource management policies. Furthermore, shared resources are inconsistent, making it difficult to accurately forecast resource capacity. An effective VO’s resource profiling and modeling system can address these problems by forecasting resource characteristics and availability. This paper presents effective resource profiling and performance prediction models including Adaptive Filter-based Online Linear Regression (AFOLR) and Adaptive Filter-based Moving Average (AFMV) based on the linear difference equation combining past predicted values and recent profiled information, which aim to support large-scale applications in distributed scientific computing environments. We performed quantitative analysis and conducted microbenchmark experiments on a real multinational shared computing platform. Our evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed prediction schemes outperform well-known common approaches in terms of accuracy, and actually can help users in a shared resource environment to run their large-scale applications by effectively forecasting various computing resource capacity and performance.

PENGARUH JUMLAH PENGINAPAN, JUMLAH PEDAGANG MINUMAN BERALKOHOL, DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP RETRIBUSI DAERAH PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI BALI


 
 
 Regional autonomy policies have implications for local governments. The implementation of decentralization reduces the role and contribution of the central government to local governments, so that local governments need to prepare relatively large funds. The purposes of this study are to analyze the effect of the number of lodging, the number of alcoholic beverage traders, and the number of residents simultaneously and partially on regional levies in the Regency/City in Bali Province and to know the variables that have the most dominant influence on the retributions to the regencies/cities in the province of Bali. The data used is secondary that 45 observations are obtained. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) the number of lodging, the number of alcoholic beverage traders, and the number of residents simultaneously had a significant effect on regional levies in the Regency/City in Bali Province, (2) the number of lodging, the number of alcoholic beverage traders, and the number of residents partially affected positive on regional levies in regencies/cities in Bali Province, and (3) the number of lodging is the variable that has the most dominant influence on regional levies in regencies/cities in Bali Province.
 Keywords: Regional Levies, Lodging, Alcoholic Beverage Traders, Residents