Autonomous Organizations Research Articles

Non-fungible tokens, decentralized autonomous organizations, Web 3.0, and the metaverse in education: From university to metaversity

The pandemic has accelerated technological advances in higher education. Learning management systems that make use of the persistent platform, a wide range of communication options, and profoundly immersive qualities quickly become the platform of choice for learning management systems. The blockchain enables non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and uses the blockchain architecture to validate college diplomas and transcripts, opening the way for a diverse variety of e-portfolios owned and shared by students and teachers. Another type of blockchain that is relatively new to the education scene is decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Through this, technology courses, certificates, and more can become automated and authenticated on the blockchain. The current state of the web is rapidly evolving into what is known as Web 3.0. It is the emerging evolution of the internet to make it machine-readable, which includes leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the cloud, and distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain. From the perspectives of the university and the metaverse, this paper discusses the shift in education brought about by NFTs, DAOs, Web 3.0, and the metaverse. The powerful mix of Web 3.0 and the metaverse is about to revolutionize the way people learn and teach in the modern world.

COMMUNICATING ANCIENT INDIAN CULTURE THROUGH MUSEUMS: WEBSITE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, NEW DELHI

India is one of the eight ancient civilizations of the world. Harappa Civilisation was an epitome of rich cultural confluence. The National Museum, New Delhi is an autonomous organization of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India boasts of diverse cultural objects from India and abroad. NM plays a pivotal role in the promotion of India culture both inside and outside of the country by collaborating with national and international cultural organizations. Collection, Conservation and Communication (3Cs) are the cornerstone of its mission to promote the Indian culture. The focus of this paper is the last ‘C’ that is “Communication”. The present study is limited to the study of only ten artifacts belonging to the Indus Valley Civilisation which were judged on five cultural value indicators such as aesthetics, symbolic, spiritual, social, and educational. The mainstay of the study is the website content of the National Museum. The study reveals that these artifacts are well preserved. The images uploaded on the website are of good quality. But the scroll speed is slightly high and also the description does not accompany the images. Future studies may indulge on the website of analysis of other national/international museums to have wide perspective.

A friend of a friend? Informal authority, social capital, and networks in telecommunications standard-setting organizations

Meta-organizations are assemblages of autonomous formal organizations with a central goal, but which lack typical instruments of formal authority, like contracts and equity. In this organizational context, how do firms establish informal authority to access other firms' resources and thereby achieve their private strategic goals? Using a novel application of resource dependence theory, this paper applies stochastic actor-based model to examine how firms' informal authority is established and evolves to achieve their strategic goals within the Third Generational Partnership Project (3GPP), the primary global mobile telecommunications standard-setting organization. By using a comprehensive dataset of interfirm collaboration over the 3G and 4G generations, our analysis shows that firms tend to establish mutual dependencies by selecting collaborators who possess social capital (high reputations), but avoid collaborators with political capital (high status) within the interorganizational collaboration network. This research provides new insights into how meta-organizations are internally organized through informal authority, while also extending resource dependence theory to the network-level. It also advances our understanding of the formation of mutual dependencies from an actor-based perspective in an interorganizational collaboration network.

A decision model for decentralized autonomous organization platform selection: Three industry case studies

ContextDecentralized autonomous organizations are a new form of smart contract-based governance. Decentralized autonomous organization platforms, which support the creation of such organizations, are becoming increasingly popular, such as Aragon and Colony. Selecting the best fitting platform is challenging for organizations, as a significant number of decision criteria, such as popularity, developer availability, governance issues, and consistent documentation of such platforms, should be considered. Additionally, decision-makers at the organizations are not experts in every domain, so they must continuously acquire volatile knowledge regarding such platforms. ObjectiveSupporting decision-makers in selecting the right decentralized autonomous organization platforms by designing an effective decision model is the main objective of this study. We aim to provide more insight into their selection process and reduce time and effort significantly by designing a decision model. MethodThis study presents a decision model for the decentralized autonomous organization platform selection problem. The decision model captures knowledge regarding such platforms and concepts systematically. This model is based on an existing theoretical framework that assists software engineers with a set of multi-criteria decision-making problems in software production. ResultsWe conducted three industry case studies in the context of three decentralized autonomous organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision model in assisting decision-makers. The case study participants declared that the decision model provides significantly more insight into their selection process and reduces time and effort. ConclusionWe observe in the empirical evidence from the case studies that decision-makers can make more rational, efficient, and effective decisions with the decision model. Furthermore, the reusable form of the captured knowledge regarding decentralized autonomous organization platforms can be employed by other researchers in their future investigations.

Leveraging Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Healthcare to Coordinate Precision Level Patient Care

The healthcare system is expensive, inefficient and frustrating due to unnecessary third parties and friction filled manual processes that get between patients and their doctors. Through decentralized identityby and credentialing we can create a distributed network of practicing doctors that connect connect securely, directly, privately with each other and with the patients they care for. We are building the future essentialized healthcare revolution and we can’t wait to build it with you.

Reputation-based Decentralized Autonomous Organization for the non-profit sector: Leveraging blockchain to enhance good governance

The Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), a group organized by governance rules programmed on a blockchain, has recently been attracting attention as a novel organizational form. The effectiveness of a DAO’s decentralized governance mechanism and transparency, as secured by its code, has generally been discussed in contrast with traditional stock companies. However, the potential of a DAO for non-profits, which provide goods and services that profit-seeking organizations do not offer, has been less discussed. This paper presents a proof-of-concept implementation to demonstrate the advantages of utilizing a DAO governance framework for non-profits. To this end, this study developed a DAO governance framework incorporating a reputation-based decision-making system, a peer evaluation system, and a transparent, real-time accounting system for the Ethereum blockchain. Most current decentralized governance systems rely heavily on token-based voting using governance tokens with stock-like features. However, there is a need for a voting mechanism beyond token-based voting for non-profits, which do not have owners. Therefore, the developed application applies an existing reputation-based voting mechanism and integrates additional features, such as a membership system with mutual evaluation and a reputation NFT to visualize contributions. Several exemplar demonstrations were conducted to evaluate its key functionalities. This application enabled discussions across the boundary between technology and society in terms of the key aspects of non-profits: i) transparency of finance and governance, ii) participatory governance by diverse stakeholders, and iii) equity and inclusiveness of the consensus mechanism. The results indicated that blockchain technology compensates for a non-profit’s vulnerabilities, and illustrated that the proposed reputation-based governance mechanisms are well-motivated. However, the results also revealed that blockchain-based governance involves as many potential risks and limitations as it brings benefits. Lastly, by providing several possible solutions to these constraints as well as recommendations for future research, this paper contributes to the sustainable development of non-profits as one of the foundations of democratic governance.

Evolución histórica del Instituto Geográfico Militar de Chile

The important growth and transcendence that cartography reached at the beginning of the 20th century, brought as a consequence the creation of an autonomous organization that would dedicate itself to such studies and works. That is why, in 1922, the Military Geographic Institute was created with the aim of being the official State entity, in charge of everything related to the cartography and survey of the national territory, giving continuity to the work previously carried out by the Office of Geography, Cartography and Topography, dependent on the technical office of the General Staff. But it is in the year 1955 where the elaboration of Conventional Cartography began by means of aero photogrammetric flights, with a totally analogous methodology. The passing of the years and the arrival of new technologies, allowed the Military Geographic Institute at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, to migrate all its analogical procedures to digital procedures, which allowed to increase the accuracy and speed in all the procedures, as well as solving calculation difficulties that directly intervene in Earth sciences and particularly in cartography. Today, 1:25,000 scale digital cartography is the main product generated at the IGM. The process began when satellite images and orthophotos with high resolution standards were acquired. From these, a 3D environment was generated that will be the basis of the photo-interpretation that makes up the geographic information.

Governance by Algorithms, Governance of Algorithms: Human-Machine Politics in Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs)

This paper situates Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) in organisational theory as an expression of ‘organising outside organisations’ through algorithmic governance. Digital networks, such as the internet, make organising outside of traditional organisational structures possible (Shirky, 2008). DAOs are an attempt at decentralised organisation towards independence from external political influence. DAOs aim for self-governance using algorithms grounded in public blockchain technology, ‘smart’ contracts, and public key cryptography in complement to the traditional rule of law to enforce behaviours. As a relatively recent phenomenon, DAOs remain under-theorised in the field of organisational studies. This paper locates DAOs as organisations in relation to the ‘organisational elements’ proposed by Ahrne and Brunsson (2011) to respond to the research question, ‘can algorithms, as a centralising process, be governed in a decentralised manner?’. I employ qualitative, digital ethnographic methods to trace the relations between human and non-human actors in decentralised networks to investigate algorithmic governance in the case of a DAO called “Gitcoin”. DAO constituents are engaged in both the governance of algorithms, and governance by algorithms. I argue that algorithmic governance in DAOs constitutes a novel form of ‘machine politics’ that elevates algorithms to the position of new political actors who shape and determine how humans behave as well as organisational outcomes, while simultaneously needing to draw on the organisational structure to govern them. This piece contributes to a research agenda on the social implications of algorithmic governance and decentralised modes of organising.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНО-МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ В СФЕРЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ПУБЛИЧНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The processes of digital transformation, which are becoming increasingly important in the global economy, are now increasingly active in such spheres as public administration, which are not directly related to production activities. During the first decade of the XXI century, the digitalization of the Russian public administration system primarily consist-ed in the formation of a number of federal information systems, but by the end of the second decade, the regional level began to show increasing dynamics of implementation of digital tools. In the framework of the regional digital transfor-mation, the main difference from the federal one is the presence at the grassroots level of a number of autonomous mu-nicipal organizations that are not subordinate to the regional center and in some cases have their own vision of this pro-cess. Under such conditions, municipal-regional interaction in the field of digital tools of public administration acquires great importance. However, this process is characterized by a low level of formalization and can look like a set of unrelat-ed functional processes, which leads to the lack of comprehensive research in this area. At the same time, the process of regional-municipal interaction, according to the hypothesis of this study, is a complex of interrelated elements based on economic factors, the violation in the practical implementation of each of which contributes to the formation of prerequi-sites for the inefficient use of digital tools. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and composition of the regional-municipal interaction in the framework of the use of digital tools of public administration. On the basis of the goal, the study defined a number of tasks, including the definition of the essence of this interaction, identifying its struc-ture and composition. The study was based on the normative legal acts of public authorities, official digital publications of state and municipal organizations, scientific publications on the digitalization of public administration. According to the results of the study, the basic elements of interaction, their interrelations, and the associated potential risks of disruption of the effective use of digital tools were identified.

ПРИГРАНИЧНЫЙ РЕГИОН В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА (ПРИМЕР ОРЕНБУРЖЬЯ)

The article considers integration processes in the Eurasian space, in particular – the development of economic, environmental, cultural, scientific and educational relations between the border regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the example of the Orenburg oblast of Russia. It is noted that cooperation with transboundary neighbours is based on the agreements between the border regions on trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation concluded in the first post-Soviet decades. There is a description of a number of joint projects being implemented by the border regions. The author analyzes activities of educational and scientific institutions and public organizations in enhancing humanitarian cooperation between the regions of the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the Orenburg State University and the autonomous non-profit organization “Commonwealth of Eurasian Nations”. In addition, the article highlights educational migration to the Orenburg region, including factors contributing to its increase (opportunities for free education, social guarantees, etc.). The article discusses positive practices of cooperation between higher education institutions in the region and higher education institutions in neighbouring regions on the preservation of historical memory, as well as the prospects of cooperation between scholars of the two countries in the study of common history. New practices in work with young people are described (organization of International Russian-Kazakh Schools of Young Historians, Archaeologists and Ethnologists).

ОСОБЕННОСТИ УЧЕТА СУБСИДИЙ В АВТОНОМНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that modern economic conditions require improvement of the provisions of the accounting system; autonomous institutions in the Russian Federation are not only performers of state functions, but also full-fledged economic entities at both the macro- and microeconomic levels, which requires taking into account their status when improving accounting processes. In connection with the ongoing crisis trends in Russia and in the world, as well as the growth of the budget deficit, the search for ways to improve national approaches to accounting of autonomous institutions and organizations is of particular relevance. Methods were used within the framework of a systematic approach: generalization of theoretical material and scientific literature on the research topic, logical and comparative analysis to identify the features and specifics of accounting in autonomous institutions. The article substantiates that, according to scientific research, the modernization of accounting in the public sector occurs much more slowly than in others, that is, this area has great potential for optimizing public spending by eliminating existing shortcomings in this process. The tasks of accounting for subsidies by autonomous institutions are defined: the formation of complete and reliable information; timely, continuous provision of the necessary information on the receipt and use of subsidies to internal and external users; implementation of systematic control over compliance with financial discipline; identification of signs of violations and abuses in accounting in the public administration sector; providing accounting, analytical, control support for the budget system management process; generating new knowledge in public sector accounting. The rules for accounting for subsidies for the implementation of state/municipal tasks by autonomous institutions are presented. The article achieves the goal of the study: generalization and development of scientific and methodological foundations and development of practical recommendations for improving the accounting of subsidies in autonomous institutions in conditions of instability and crisis trends and the need to optimize budget expenditures.

Volatile properties: A Modest Proposal revisited

AbstractIn our 2018 film, A Modest Proposal, we proposed to financialize the assets of public museums, their collections, and buildings, and distribute the generated values for the benefit of the producers of those values: the artist community. Reality seems to have caught up with our proposal. In the wake of the pandemic, public museums started to sell NFTs of their master pieces. But this did not inspire any new form of mutualization. In this text, we question whether blockchain infrastructures can be considered a public good. The individualistic logics that pervade the crypto sphere consider human relations in transactional terms and the enforcement of property rights as the only valuable governance principle, defining property as the basis for representation in many of the Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). The trust placed in automated processes might lead to ‘governance by algorithms’, making the ‘Leviathan’, the sovereign machine, a frightening possibility. Other blockchain infrastructures may offer more inclusive alternatives. Distributed Cooperative Organizations (DisCOs) acknowledge the need for the individual to sustain her/himself and yet also create a solidarity economy by the mutual distribution of collectively generated values among all contributors. We focus on the above questions on property, public goods and governance using our home in Brussels, which we have defined as an artwork and framing device. It is the ‘house as artwork’ that helps us evaluate how these concepts play out in an accelerating world in which blockchain and other technologies might equally generate emancipation or new enclosures.

MedUAV: Drone-based Emergency Medical Supply System using Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), often referred to as drones, have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. They offer speed and accessibility in delivering medical supplies, making them the superior mode of transport for inaccessible and remote areas. Though drone-based systems are advantageous, there is a need for an end-to-end system that could provide a secure platform to use drones in a flawless manner to perform transactions. Drones are vulnerable to hacking and data interception, which may lead to the exfiltration of collected data by malicious users. In this study, MedUAV, a prototype for a drone-based decentralized autonomous emergency medicine supply system, is proposed. It leverages the security aspects of blockchain and smart contracts. The proposed system is deployed and tested in the Polygon Main network, and significant conclusions about the performance of the system are discussed.

Longitudinal evidence of entrepreneurial behaviour in a blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organization: Case study of the Nano cryptocurrency

Longitudinal evidence of entrepreneurial behaviour in a blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organization: Case study of the Nano cryptocurrency

Built to Last, Not to Scale: The Long Run of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Built to Last, Not to Scale: The Long Run of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Generative Artificial Intelligence and 3D Virtual Simulation Technologies, Ambient Scene Detection and Automated Employment Decision Tools, and Visual Data Mining and Immersive Remote Collaboration Systems in Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Generative Artificial Intelligence and 3D Virtual Simulation Technologies, Ambient Scene Detection and Automated Employment Decision Tools, and Visual Data Mining and Immersive Remote Collaboration Systems in Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The concept of a decentralized autonomous organization as an innovative organizational structure

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the concept of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in the context of the evolution of organizational structures. The article presents the current state of knowledge about DAOs, taking into account the principles of their functioning and the current state of development. The roles of individual actors involved in the DAO were also discussed and typical features of the DAO organization were indicated. Design/methodology/approach: The main method used in this article is a literature review supplemented with an analysis of online industry sources and reports of consulting companies. The analysis included a review of the characteristics of the DAO organization against the background of traditional structures and the ways of functioning of the DAO. Findings: The article describes the characteristics of organizations managed with smart contracts created thanks to the use of blockchain technology. The stages of the formation of DAOs and the main principles of their functioning based on the possession of digital tokens of a given organization, as well as the right to participate in voting on decisions made in the DAO, were indicated. The basic advantages and risks associated with the functioning of DAOs were also indicated. Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in the confrontation of the theory and practice of DAOs with traditional, hierarchical organizations with specific features. The current literature in the field of DAOs is not very extensive, especially in relation to the issue of organizational structures, as demonstrated in the Materials and Methods section of this article. Keywords: decentralized autonomous organization, organizational structure, blockchain technology, smart contracts. Category of the paper: literature review.

Specificity of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations as the Implementation of Blockchain Technology

Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is a new form of organization, the innovation of which consists in the use of blockchain technology to record the applicable rules governing the project as well as the rights and obligations of its members, usually investors. Moreover, the method of financing the project is also new here, since tokens (cryptocurrency), which are acquired by investors for the capital contributed, are most frequently used. Management in DAO is previously unheard of (until the creation of DAO-2016), since there are no governing bodies, and all decisions are made by the voting of all members of the organization. In the article, an attempt is made to assess the DAO management process, having previously analyzed blockchain technology and the specificity of this new form of organization. The own research was conducted on a selected DAO project, when analyzing the management process implemented by voting by the members of this organization from its launch (May 2022) to 11 May 2023. The obtained results confirmed the dominance of majority shareholders in DAO votes, although the method of voting (Qudratic voting) used in the project under study to protect the rights of small shareholders significantly reduced this impact. The unusual unanimity of decision-makers was also noted (as much as 65% of unanimous votes), which, as it turned out, could be the result of information campaigns conducted before each vote by groups of small investors deeply involved in the project. These activities should also translate into the accuracy of the decisions made, and thus the quality of the DAO management process.

The Economics of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The Economics of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Voting Schemes in DAO Governance

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different voting schemes used in DAO governance. We will examine the various features of these schemes and compare their differences. We propose a new hypothetical voting mechanism specifically designed for decentralized and permissionless DAO governance. This new scheme, which incorporates incentive designs, is intended to be more efficient than existing schemes and can be easily adapted to a permissioned scenario. Through this examination and proposal, we hope to contribute to the ongoing discourse on how to govern decentralized autonomous organizations effectively.