Autonomous Lighting System Research Articles

Harnessing Green Electricity from Food: A Split Black Gram-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a Self-Powered Autonomous Lighting System and Portable Electronics.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising solution to mounting environmental concerns associated with battery disposal amid the escalating demand for portable electronics. However, prevailing TENG fabrication predominantly relies on nonbiodegradable, nonbiocompatible, and synthetic materials, posing a grave ecological threat. To mitigate this, there is a pressing need to develop eco-friendly and green TENGs leveraging sustainable, naturally occurring materials. This study pioneers the use of split black gram (SBG) as a tribo-positive material for TENGs. SBG's effectiveness as a tribo-positive material stems from its abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups, as confirmed by FTIR analysis, facilitating electron donation during the triboelectric process. SBG offers compelling advantages, including widespread availability, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and hydrophobic and adhesive properties due to its richness in starch and protein, positioning it as an optimal choice for eco-conscious TENG manufacturing. The fabrication process of an SBG-TENG is not only economical and facile but also solvent-free, requiring no specialized tools. Demonstrating commendable performance, the SBG-TENG achieves a maximum power density of 15.36 μW/cm2 at 1 MΩ, with an open circuit voltage of 84 V and short circuit current of 28 μA, comparable to recent studies. In practical applications, the SBG-TENG seamlessly integrates with LEDs and portable electronic devices via a full bridge rectifier, successfully powering them postcapacitor charging. Moreover, an autonomous lighting system is developed by embedding the SBG-TENG in a foot mat, enabling wireless light control through human stepping on the mat, introducing power-saving functionality for residential and office environments. In essence, the introduction of the SBG-TENG not only delivers cost-effectiveness but also minimizes the environmental impact by harnessing sustainable energy from food sources.

Exploring the Feasibility of Autonomous Lighting Systems for Pedestrian Crossings in Off-Grid Areas

A properly designed and manufactured autonomous lighting system has an impact on reducing the amount of conflicts between pedestrians and drivers. For pedestrian crossings located outside of urban areas, one of the utilized solutions is PV installations with an electrochemical energy storage bank. So, the question should be asked: is it possible to maintain proper energy and lighting parameters throughout the year? This depends on the technical parameters of the installation, insolation, operating time, and the number and power of lighting luminaires directly prescribed by formal regulations. The purpose of this article is to present a method for evaluating the performance of a lighting installation at isolated pedestrian crossings based on annual power generation data obtained from a photovoltaic installation. This article presents lighting requirements for pedestrian crossing lighting. Based on the developed five lighting scenarios and energy calculations, year-round operation was simulated. Problems and risks that may affect the availability and performance of the lighting system were introduced. Directions for further research on the application of photovoltaic installations in road infrastructure were identified.

Controlling the target pattern of projected LED arrays for smart lighting.

High-resolution, pixelated LED arrays allow flexible illumination. By addressing certain areas of the LED matrix and projecting the emitted light, selective illumination can be achieved. When combined with computer vision, smart, autonomous lighting systems are within reach. However, limitations of the used projection optics, in combination with the fact that the LED array and camera can be at a different position, severely complicates the problem of calculating which LED pixels to address in order to achieve a desired target pattern. This work proposes a least-squares deconvolution-based calculation method to solve this problem. The method relies on an initial calibration step that characterizes the complete point-spread-function of the LED array for the considered illumination configuration. This allows using the system for various settings. The method is experimentally validated for an off-axis illumination configuration that demonstrates the accuracy and flexibility of the approach. Because the proposed algorithm is fast and guarantees a global optimum, it opens new avenues towards accurate, smart and adaptive illumination.

System of the Autonomous Lighting of Railway Objects

Railways run throughout Russia. There are sections of roads where centralized power supply lines are located far away or absent. It is difficult to regulate and ensure traffic safety at the sufficient level on such sections at the intersection of roads and railways at the same level. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to analyze the equipment available on the Russian market, powered by renewable energy sources, to solve the problem of guaranteed power supply to remote railway infrastructure objects and to select the most promising types, the effectiveness of which depends on natural and climatic conditions. (Materials and methods) The article presents a power supply system that can be applied to various artificial and engineering structures of general-purpose railway transport, such as crossings, bridges, tunnels, crossings in front of bridges and tunnels, sidings and others, for emergency or on-duty lighting. Such a system allows you to save electricity coming from a centralized power supply system, and in the case of an emergency shutdown, to provide power supply to the facility for a long time, and perform the function of backup power supply, but it takes on special importance in places where there are no centralized networks, when using it as an autonomous power supply system. (Results and discussion) The article presents a classification according to the categories of autonomous power supply systems, criteria of importance and power consumption of the objects, and gives the conditions for their use. The article describes a block diagram of the power supply system of a pedestrian crossing over a single track with energy reservation for up to three days. The daily energy consumption of a railway pedestrian crossing with lighting and railway traffic lights, installed the energy capacity of batteries with redundancy for up to three days, the power and number of photovoltaic converters are calculated. (Conclusions) An example of an autonomous lighting system for a railway pedestrian crossing with established technical parameters of equipment showed the social and economic efficiency of its application.

Landscaping of public transport stops

Kosyk O., Tarahta V. Landscaping of public transport stops. The specifics of modeling of stops with elements of landscaping, expediency of their use and complexity of execution are investigated. The international practice of realization of the object of research is analyzed, in particular in the leading countries of the world and in the neighboring countries. That allows to form an idea of the peculiarities of the organization of space and the functioning of such stops. In the countries direct interaction of the population and administration of the city is traced, for the purpose of improvement of stops. The impact of the use of stops with elements of landscaping on the environment, the general appearance of the city and the psycho-emotional state of man. The peril of plants recommended for gardening of roofs and facades in the conditions of the urban environment of a temperate climate is resulted. The possibility of modernization of existing stops is considered, which will save money spent on the purchase and construction of new stops. An idea of the appearance of the stop with the use of landscaping elements and an autonomous lighting system, which is implemented through photocells. Methods of modern landscaping, going far beyond the soil cover, allow the use of alternative surfaces and structures. The requirements for the building and structures for the normal functioning of annual and perennial ornamental plants, as well as representatives of the dendroflora are demonstrated. Demonstrated: projects of the newest stops with the use of landscaping, modern architects, phytowalls by Patrick Blanc, as an example of vertical landscaping; reincarnation of public transport stops after modernization.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВА ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАБОТЫ АВТОНОМНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ НА СОЛНЕЧНЫХ БАТАРЕЯХ

Recently, much attention has been paid in the Republic to Autonomous lighting systems that use a solar battery as a power source. Autonomous lighting systems allow you to use the energy of the sun's rays to power the lamp, having previously accumulated this energy in the battery. However, solar power plants used in Autonomous lighting systems have low operating efficiency. One of the options for improving the efficiency of a solar power plant, and, accordingly, an Autonomous lighting system, is to use an atmospheric electricity Converter together with a solar battery, which allows converting the kinematic energy of dipoles (polarized air molecules and water vapors) that are under the action of an alternating electric field with variable intensity into AC or DC electrical energy.