Autonomic Nervous Regulation Research Articles

Uterine activity modifies the response of the fetal autonomic nervous system at preterm active labor.

The autonomic nervous system of preterm fetuses has a different level of maturity than term fetuses. Thus, their autonomic response to transient hypoxemia caused by uterine contractions in labor may differ. This study aims to compare the behavior of the fetal autonomic response to uterine contractions between preterm and term active labor using a novel time-frequency analysis of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV). We performed a case-control study using fetal R-R and uterine activity time series obtained by abdominal electrical recordings from 18 women in active preterm labor (32-36 weeks of gestation) and 19 in active term labor (39-40 weeks of gestation). We analyzed 20 minutes of the fetal R-R time series by applying a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to obtain frequency (HF, 0.2-1Hz; LF, 0.05-0.2Hz) and time-frequency (Flux0, Flux90, and Flux45) domain features. Time domain FHRV features (SDNN, RMSSD, meanNN) were also calculated. In addition, ultra-short FHRV analysis was performed by segmenting the fetal R-R time series according to episodes of the uterine contraction and quiescent periods. No significant differences between preterm and term labor were found for FHRV features when calculated over 20 minutes. However, we found significant differences when segmenting between uterine contraction and quiescent periods. In the preterm group, the LF, Flux0, and Flux45 were higher during the average contraction episode compared with the average quiescent period (p<0.01), while in term fetuses, vagally mediated FHRV features (HF and RMSSD) were higher during the average contraction episode (p<0.05). The meanNN was lower during the strongest contraction in preterm fetuses compared to their consecutive quiescent period (p=0.008). The average autonomic response to contractions in preterm fetuses shows sympathetic predominance, while term fetuses respond through parasympathetic activity. Comparison between groups during the strongest contraction showed a diminished fetal autonomic response in the preterm group. Thus, separating contraction and quiescent periods during labor allows for identifying differences in the autonomic nervous system cardiac regulation between preterm and term fetuses.

Effect of a Standardized Extract of Asparagus officinalis Stem (ETAS®50) on Cognitive Function, Psychological Symptoms, and Behavior in Patients with Dementia: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Dementia is a disease of substantial national concern in a superaging society in Japan. Thus, the treatments targeting this disease are of high priority. However, pharmaceutical treatments are under development and invasive. Hence, many alternative treatments, which are less invasive, are tried, and some of them are supposed to work for dementia symptoms. ETAS®50 is one of these treatments. ETAS®50, a standardized extract of the Asparagus officinalis stem with heat shock protein-inducing activity, is a functional food. ETAS®50 has antistress, autonomic nerve regulation, and sleep quality improvement effects in humans and could contribute to relieving dementia symptoms. This double-blind crossover pilot trial aimed to examine the effects of ETAS®50. A total of 27 patients with mild-to-moderate dementia between October 2018 and February 2020 were included in the trial. ETAS®50 was consumed for 12 weeks and then a placebo for 12 weeks. A significant difference in the mean score of the severity of symptoms in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q-a) was observed between the ETAS®50 period (0.56 ± 1.72 points) and placebo period (-0.67 ± 2.34 points) (p=0.045). Between-group comparisons with respect to the items of NPI-Q-a also showed a significant decrease in symptoms in the ETAS®50 period compared with the placebo period (p=0.015 for agitation and p=0.045 for depression). In addition, we observed that scores for apathy tended to improve in the ETAS®50 period (p=0.058).

Restoring the Autonomic Balance in an Atrial Fibrillation Rat Model by Electroacupuncture at the Neiguan Point

ObjectivesAutonomic nervous activity imbalance plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF). AF can be treated by acupuncture at the Neiguan point (PC6), but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated autonomic nervous system activity in electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6 in a rat AF model. Material and MethodsIn this study, we established a rat AF model via tail vein injection with ACh-CaCl2 for ten consecutive days with or without EA at PC6. AF inducibility and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed by electrocardiogram. Next, we completed in vivo recording of the activity of cervical sympathetic and vagal nerves, respectively. Finally, the activities of brain regions related to autonomic nerve regulation were assessed by c-Fos immunofluorescence and multichannel recording. ResultsEA at PC6 decreased AF inducibility and prevented changes in HRV caused by ACh-CaCl2 injection. Meanwhile, EA at PC6 reversed the increased sympathetic and decreased vagal nerve activity in AF rats. Furthermore, EA treatment downregulated increased c-Fos expression in brain regions, including paraventricular nucleus, rostral ventrolateral medulla, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in AF, while c-Fos expression in nucleus ambiguus was upregulated with EA. ConclusionThe protective effect of EA at PC6 on AF is associated with balance between sympathetic and vagal nerve activities.

Autonomic nerve regulation in joint hypermobility patients with myofascial trigger points by Musculoskeletal Interfiber Counterirritant Stimulation (MICS).

Joint hypermobility (JH) conditions suggest dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (dysautonomia), associated with multifactor non-articular local musculoskeletal pain, and remains a complex treatment. This study aims to determine the effects of musculoskeletal interfiber counterirritant stimulation (MICS) as an innovative treatment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) on the upper trapezius muscle in JH patients. We evaluate the ANS activity by wavelet transform spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in sixty women, equally divided: MTrP, MTrP+general joint hypermobility (GJH), and MTrP+joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). The protocol phases were rest, stimulation, and recovery, with clinical and home treatment for three-days. All groups show a significantly decreased in pain perception during and post-treatment, and an increased parasympathetic ANS activity under MICS in the GJH and JHS groups. The variables low-frequency (LF) vs. high-frequency (HF) showed significant differences during the protocol phases, and the LF/HF ratio maintained a predominance of sympathetic activity (SA) throughout the protocol. The new MICS technique reduces the pain perception and modulates the ANS activity by an increase in vagal tone, and a decrease in sympathetic tone. This modulation was followed by an increase in the HRV in JH patients after treatment with MICS. Clinical Trials: RBR-88z25c5.

Analysis of Early Warning Diagnostic Indexes and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Arrhythmia.

Objective Arrhythmia patients complicated with psychological problems are very common in clinics. The imbalance of autonomic nervous regulation of the heart caused by anxiety and depression will further promote the occurrence and development of arrhythmia. For nonorganic heart disease, β receptor blockers combined with antianxiety drugs have a good effect. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with arrhythmias. Methods We included 150 patients with arrhythmia and divided them into observation groups (80 patients with anxiety and depression) and control groups (70 patients without anxiety and depression). All patients were monitored by Holter, and the detection of arrhythmia was compared between the two groups. We took the general situation and quality of life of the investigated patients as independent variables and the anxiety and depression status of the patients as dependent variables. Results The detection rates of atrioventricular premature beats, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, short bursts of atrial tachycardia, and atrioventricular block in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group by dynamic electrocardiogram. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age, years of education, obsessive-compulsive score, somatization score and alcohol consumption were the main influencing factors for anxiety and depression. Conclusions The detection rate of arrhythmia in patients with anxiety/depression status was higher than in those without abnormal psychophylaxis. We should need to pay close attention to the risk factors of age, education years, obsessive-compulsive score, somatization score, and alcohol consumption, so as to prevent and timely detect anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with arrhythmias.

20 years experience in diagnostics and treatment of the ektopated pancreas in the gastroduodenal zone in children

Ectopia of the pancreas is a rare malformation that requires an individual approach to treatment. We present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of 119 patients with EPI in the gastroduodenal zone. The main indication for surgical treatment is with a long-term intractable pain symptom. 28 (23.5%) patients were operated on, most of them from the laparoscopic approach. To determine the enzymatic activity of the gland, an assessment of the vegetative status was used. Vagotonia can be one of the causes of exocrine activity and hyperperistalsis of the stomach and duodenum. Among the operated patients, the parasympathetic type of autonomic nervous regulation was more common. Evaluation of the histostructure of the removed EPG macro- preparations indicated the predominance of type 3, indicating the presence of all components similar in structure to the tissue of a normal pancreas.

Quantitative analysis of heart rate variability parameter and mental stress index.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease not only occurs in the elderly but also tends to become a common social health problem. Considering the fast pace of modern life, quantified heart rate variability (HRV) indicators combined with the convenience of wearable devices are of great significance for intelligent telemedicine. To quantify the changes in human mental state, this article proposes an improved differential threshold algorithm for R-wave detection and recognition of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.MethodsHRV is a specific quantitative indicator of autonomic nerve regulation of the heart. The recognition rate is increased by improving the starting position of R wave and the time-window function of the traditional differential threshold method. The experimental platform is a wearable sign monitoring system constructed based on body area networks (BAN) technology. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct the mental stress assessment model, the weight judgment matrix is constructed according to the influence degree of HRV analysis parameters on mental stress, and the consistency check is carried out to obtain the weight value of the corresponding HRV analysis parameters.ResultsExperimental results show that the recognition rate of R wave of real-time 5 min ECG data collected by this algorithm is >99%. The comprehensive index of HRV based on weight matrix can greatly reduce the deviation caused by the measurement error of each parameter. Compared with traditional characteristic wave recognition algorithms, the proposed algorithm simplifies the process, has high real-time performance, and is suitable for wearable analysis devices with low-configuration requirements.ConclusionOur algorithm can describe the mental stress of the body quantitatively and meet the requirements of application demonstration.

The content of saturated fatty acids in the blood plasma of cows in the winter period depends on autonomic nervous regulation

The tone of the autonomic nervous system is one of the key systems of the nervous system in regulating homeostasis. In turn, this can affect the metabolism of organic substances in the animal's body, which is reflected in physiological indicators. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system on the content of saturated fatty acids. Groups of animals were formed according to Baesky’s method, according to which they were divided into three groups: normotonic, sympathotonic, and vagotonic. Blood was collected in winter. Chromatographic research revealed the following: caproic acid in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.01) is 0.15 % less compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.01) and 0.15 % more compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Caprylic acid is 0.28 % more in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.05) compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.001) and, comparing the indicators with the third group, 0.37 % more than vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Lauric acid in normotonic (0.54 ± 0.03) is higher than vagotonic by 0.13 % (P ≤ 0.01). Myristic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (2.62 ± 0.08) compared to sympathotonic by 0.30 % (P ≤ 0.001). Palmitic acid is 2.95 % less in normotonic (17.59 ± 0.46) compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Arachidic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (0.21 ± 0.01) compared to sympathotonic by 0.08 % less (P ≤ 0.001). Cows belonging to the normotonic group have the most saturated fatty acids: capric (1.19 ± 0.05), lauric (0.54 ± 0.03); and the least myristic (2.62 ± 0.08) and arachidic (0.21 ± 0.01). Animals belonging to the group of sympathotonic have the most saturated fatty acids: caproic (1.18 ± 0.04), myristic (2.92 ± 0.03) and arachidic (0.29 ± 0.01). Cows belonging to the group of vagotonic have the least saturated fatty acids: caproic (0.88 ± 0.01), capric (0.82 ± 0.03) and lauric (0.41 ± 0.01); the most palmitic acid (20.54 ± 0.16). Considering all factors, we can conclude that the tone of the autonomic nervous system in the body of cows plays an indirect role in the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma. This can be facilitated by the influence of the departments of this nervous system, namely the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which, depending on the peculiarities of the animal's physiological state, affect the body as a whole.

Dynamics of Cardiac Autonomic Responses During Hemodialysis Measured by Heart Rate Variability and Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity: The Impact of Interdialytic Weight Gain.

Background: Autonomic nervous regulation plays a critical role in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients with cardiovascular complications. However, studies on autonomic regulation in ESKD patients are limited to heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA), which noninvasively reflects the sympathetic nerve activity, has not been used in ESKD patients. Methods: Seventy-six patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) treatment (a 4-h HD session, three times a week) were enrolled. Utilizing a noninvasive, single-lead, high-frequency recording system, we analyzed the dynamic change in HRV parameters and SKNA during HD. The different characteristics between the subgroups divided based on interdialytic weight gain (IDWG, <3 kg or ≥3 kg) were also demonstrated. Results: After the HD, values for heart rate (75.1 ± 11.3 to 80.3 ± 12.3 bpm, p < 0.001) and LF/HF (1.92 ± 1.67 to 2.18 ± 2.17, p = 0.013) were significantly higher than baseline. In subgroup analysis, average voltage of skin sympathetic nerve activity (aSKNA) in IDWG ≥3 kg group was lower than the IDWG <3 kg group at the end of MHD (1.06 ± 0.30 vs 1.32 ± 0.61 μV, p = 0.046). Moreover, there was a linear correlation between mean heart rate (HR) and aSKNA in low IDWG patients (p < 0.001), which was not found in high IDWG patients. At the 1-year follow-up, high IDWG patients had a higher incidence of cardiovascular hospitalization (p = 0.046). Conclusions: In MHD patients, a gradual activation of sympathetic nerve activity could be measured by HRV and aSKNA. A lower aSKNA at the end of HD and a loss of HR-aSKNA correlation in overhydrated patients were observed. Extensive volume control is promising to improve the autonomic nervous function and clinical outcomes in this population.

Link Between Electroacupuncture Stimulation near the Sympathetic Trunk and Heart Rate Variability.

The cardiovascular system and airway smooth muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. This study investigated the effect of electrical acupuncture stimulation near the cervical sympathetic ganglia on heart rate variability and respiratory function. This prospective, single-center study at Teikyo Heisei University recruited 24 healthy adults randomly assigned to no-stimulation and electroacupuncture (EA) groups in a crossover trial with a 2-week washout period. After 5 min of rest, a 5-min rest or acupuncture stimulus was delivered, followed by a further 5 min of rest for both groups. EA, at 2-Hz (level of no pain), was delivered near the left cervical ganglia at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra in the EA group. The high-frequency component of the heart rate variability was significantly higher in the EA group than that in the no-stimulation group. Further, there was a significant increase in the high-frequency component of the heart rate in the EA group during the stimulation compared to before and after stimulation. Heart rate decreased significantly during EA compared to before stimulation in the EA group. Regarding respiratory function, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and peak flow significantly increased in the EA group compared with the no-stimulation group, and after stimulation compared with before stimulation. Stimulation with 2-Hz EA near the cervical sympathetic trunk increased parasympathetic nerve activity and reduced heart rate. However, the respiratory function was activated via increased sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, 2-Hz EA may be effective for autonomic nerve regulation in bronchial stenosis.

Fetal programming in diabetes: an emphasis on prevention consequences of ketoacidosis

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific publications about the negative impact of ketoacidosis in pregnant women with diabetes on the development of the fetal nervous system from the standpoint of fetal programming and finding ways to prevent its negative effects on the fetus. It was found that the index of intellectual development of children 2 years old had a negative correlation with the level of β-hydroxybutyrate in maternal serum in the third trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, there is a need to avoid ketoacidosis and maternal starvation in order to prevent intellectual disabilities.It is known that the control of metabolic processes in mothers with diabetes can affect the autonomic nervous regulation and motor activity of the fetus. To date, there are no studies that have examined the possible relationship between maternal ketone bodies and fetal heart rate variability. Moreover, the routine monitoring of quantitative indicators of ketone bodies is not currently implemented during pregnancy. All existing treatment strategies for diabetes are performed to detect carbohydrate tolerance disorders and correct blood glucose levels with insulin or metformin.Among all the pharmacological methods of preventing the effects of ketosis, of course, the most reasonable and promising is the use of xylitol solutions. Numerous studies have presented that xylitol is an insulin-independent energy source which has a positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, helps to correct oxidative stress. Therefore, the study of the state of the fetal autonomic nervous regulation and indicators of intellectual development of the child under the influence of preventing the synthesis of ketone bodies by xylitol infusion may be the basis for improving the management of pregnant women with diabetes.

Autonomic nervous system receptor-mediated regulation of mast cell degranulation modulates the inflammation after corneal epithelial abrasion

Mast cells (MCs) regulate wound healing and are influenced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, the underlying mechanisms affecting wound healing outcomes remain elusive. Here, we explored the specific role of the ANS by regulating MC degranulation following corneal epithelium abrasion. A mouse model of corneal abrasion was established by mechanically removing a 2-mm central epithelium. Wound closure, neutrophil infiltration, and transcription of injured corneas were investigated using whole-mount immunostaining, flow cytometry, and RNA-sequencing analysis, respectively. Inhibition of MC degranulation by the MC stabilizers cromolyn sodium and lodoxamide tromethamine increased the infiltration of neutrophils and delayed healing of abraded corneas. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that purified MCs from the limbus expressed adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. Pharmacological manipulation and sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine confirmed that sympathetic nervous system signaling inhibited MC degranulation after corneal abrasion, whereas parasympathetic nervous system signaling enhanced MC degranulation. We conclude that normal degranulation of MCs in the corneal limbus and crosstalk between the ANS and MCs are crucial for the appropriate control of inflammation and the repair progress of wounded corneas. This suggests a potential approach for improving defective corneal wound healing by the administration of clinically available autonomic activity-modulating agents.

Research on Effect of Load Stimulation Change on Heart Rate Variability of Women Volleyball Athletes

Objective. To explore the effect of different training load stimulation on heart rate variability level of Chinese elite female volleyball players. Through two-year follow-up experiment, this paper uses OmegaWave Sport Technology system to track and test the heart rate variability level and central nervous system parameters of 25 elite Chinese women volleyball players who participated in the national adult volleyball training in 2019 and 2020. It is found that the HRV time-domain index of the players under the stimulation of three stages of training load during the winter training in 2020 is determined. Frequency-domain index has significant influence on response stability of central nervous system. In order to further explore the influence of HRV on response stability of central nervous system, a feature classification method based on distance evaluation is proposed for experimental data processing. Through the multimodal human-machine interaction (M-HMI), advanced machine learning is used to promote the cooperative interaction between human and intelligent body. After analysis, SDNN and LF n.u. have a significant impact on the average reaction time. It shows that some indexes tested by the OmegaWave system can reflect the real-time physical function state of athletes sensitively and play an active role in diagnosis of fatigue of athletes' central nervous system. HRV time-domain and frequency-domain indexes, as parameters to evaluate the body functional state of excellent female volleyball players in the preparation process of competition, can sensitively reflect the level of autonomic nerve regulation of athletes in three different load stages.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE OF ATHLETES UNDER DIFFERENT TRAINING CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Improving cardiovascular function is one of the main training goals of many sports. Objective: To understand the characteristics of the cardiovascular response of athletes under different training conditions. Methods: Thirty male basketball students were enrolled. The subjects were divided into A and B groups according to their years of training, with 15 students in each group. Exercise fatigue tests were performed, starting at a low intensity and gradually increasing the load to a relatively high degree of fatigue. Results: The RMSSD value was 42.82±31.41ms in group A and 46.48±35.26ms in group B undera low fatigue state. The LF/HF value of the athletes in group A was 2.86±1.47 and the LF/HF value of the athletes in group B was 2.94±1.68. The RMSSD value was 40.78±31.17ms and 32.37±36.42ms for groups A and B, respectively, undera high fatigue state. Conclusions: Athletes with more years of training can mobilize more cardiac reserves to meet the increase in exercise load in a fatigue state and have better autonomic nervous regulation in the process of reaching a higher degree of fatigue state. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

PHYSICAL THERAPY OF ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION AND SCOLIOSIS

The aim to evaluate the impact of physical therapy on the physical condition of adolescents with autonomic dysfunction and scoliosis. Materials and methods. 22 adolescents, 12 adolescents with autonomic dysfunction and scoliosis and 10 healthy adolescents were examined. Anthropometric survey was conducted in a certain order: front, back and side. Functional studies of muscle skeletal system have determined the mobility of the spine, the strength and endurance of the muscles of the back and abdomen to static loads. The study of the central department of autonomic nervous regulation was performed according to the Vegetative Kerdo Index and the Hildebrant Respiratory Ratio. The SAN questionnaire was used to study self-control and self-assessment. Statistical processing was performed in the MedStat program. The main means of the physical therapy program were physical exercise on Evminov’s prophylaxis and massage. Exercise were held three times a week for 6 months. Results. The application of the proposed rehabilitation interventions for boys with scoliosis allowed to achieve improvement in 58,3% of adolescents, stabilization of the process in 33,3%. Efficacy was not observed in 8,3% of adolescents. There is a positive effect of physical therapy on the mobility of the spine and the state of the torso muscles, increasing the number of people with normotony and reducing the prevalence of sympathetic and parasympathetic reactions, improving psycho-emotional state, cerebral hemodynamic intensity and cerebral vascular tone in this group. Conclusions. Using of the proposed elements of the physical therapy program for autonomic dysfunction and scoliosis in adolescent boys has improved the intensity of cerebral hemodynamic and cerebral vascular tone.

Autonomic nervous regulation of cardiac homeostasis and organ crosstalk

Autonomic nervous regulation of cardiac homeostasis and organ crosstalk

Model-Free Adaptive Control of the Failing Heart Managed by Mechanical Supporting Devices

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs)—mechanical circulatory pumps—have been used as a therapeutic option for patients who have progressed to the advanced stage of left-sided heart failure (HF), which is a chronic condition that the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood out of the left ventricle as it should. This surgically implanted device supports the native heart to pump blood from the heart to the remainder of the body to keep the patient alive as a temporary therapy until a donor's heart is available or as a destination therapy. However, the pump speed of the LVAD is typically set in a constant mode and cannot be freely changed. To promote the clinical use of LVADs as a long-term treatment option, a physiological control system is required to adaptively adjust the pump speed in response to time-varying blood demand. To this end, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) algorithm is developed in this work, which estimates the control parameter over time using the data of manipulated and controlled variables (i.e., end-diastolic pressure of left ventricle and pump speed, respectively). In addition, since hemodynamic parameters in the cardiovascular system change over time due to short-term autonomic nerve regulation, we further considered baroreflex regulation to improve control performance; baroreflex regulation is one of the key factors of human's hemostatic mechanisms. The performance of the physiological controller is investigated and validated with computer simulations, which shows that the LVAD can respond to constant and time-varying blood demand.

Autonomous regulation of antioxidant protection and protein exchange in chickens

The tone of the autonomic nervous system, protein metabolism and the activity of the antioxidant system in Cobb-500 cross chickens aged 35 and 60 days were researched. The experiment involved 24 chickens, 8 in each group. In birds, the tone of the autonomic nervous system was determined by the method of variation pulsometry by recording the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on the heart rate in chickens. The effect was determined by counting one hundred consecutive cardio intervals and the time interval between each cardiocycle. Venous blood samples were taken from each individual at the age of 35 and 60 days to determine protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, globulins), enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system. It was found that the antioxidant level in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division prevailed in all other groups regardless of the age of the bird. At 35 days of age, plasma concentrations of diene conjugates were significantly higher in normatonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). There was a higher level of activity of ketodienes and Schiff bases in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division of autonomic nervous regulation compared with normotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.01). The content of total protein, albumin and globulins prevailed in normotonic hens and was the lowest in vagotonic hens at the age of 35 days. The two-month-old bird with a dominant parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and normotonic hens had the highest levels of total protein, globulins, and conversely, sympathicotonic hens outnumbered the latter in albumin levels. Histidine content was highest in chickens with a balanced type of autonomic nervous system compared to sympathicotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). The concentration of sulfur-containing amino acid methionine was highest in vagotonic chickens (P &lt; 0.05) compared with sympathicotonics. Threonine was highest in sympathicotonics compared with other groups of animals and significantly outweighed vagotonics (P &lt; 0.05). The level of lipid peroxidation products in 60-day-old sympathicotonic chickens was consistently higher in contrast to normotonics and vagotonics. At the same time there was the smallest increase in the activity of diene conjugates and ketodienes (P &lt; 0.05) in chickens with a dominant sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which indicates a slowdown in the accumulation of the final products of lipid peroxidation. It was found that the predominance of sympathetic tone is characterized by low activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system and tocopherol (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.01) at 35 and 60 days of age. Indicators of the activity of the antioxidant system had the highest level in vagotonic chickens of the studied age period (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.001). The relationship between catalase and tocopherol levels in vagotonic chickens at 35 days of age, which increases at 60 days of age r = 0.53 (P &lt; 0.01) was found.

State of metabolic processes and ways to improve them in premenopausal women due to the life extension strategy

Increasing the duration and improving the quality of life of older women is a significant problem of current medicine. Metabolic disorders in the form of type II diabetes mellitus and atherogenic dyslipidemia lead to a significant level of cardiovascular complications. It is known that hormone replacement therapy cannot normalize age-related metabolic disorders. Therefore, the search for new methods of cardiovascular health is extremely relevant. Research objective: to study the state of autonomic nervous regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in perimenopausal women using the life extension approach.Materials and methods. Group I (control) consisted of 35 apparently healthy women of reproductive age. Group II (main) consisted of 71 patients whom was administered a solution of xylitol with electrolytes (Xylate) by infusion from the first days of the reduction diet for 5 days, and also L-arginine (Tivortin) was injected intravenously for 5 days, 200 ml once a day, followed by taking a drinking solution of this drug for another three weeks. All patients followed a 28-day diet, and also performed daily aerobic morning exercises for 3 months.Results. A significant decrease in body mass index in patients of the main group due to the proposed treatment and prevention program was found. At the same time, Kupperman index declined significantly. Decreased body mass index in patients of the main group was the basis for improved autonomic nervous regulation and metabolic processes. Xylate-Tivortin complex has allowed emphasizing the overcoming of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation.Conclusions. The developed 3-month program allowed to significantly improving the metabolic processes and hemodynamic parameters in women of perimenopausal age. This is the basis for the introduction of Xylate-Tivortin complex life extension into the practice of family physicians, obstetricians and gynecologists and specialists in the field of aesthetic medicine.

Research progress on mechanisms of bidirectional regulation of acupuncture

Bidirectional regulation is one of the key function of acupuncture. The stimulator, mediator and receptor are the basis while the specificity of acupoints and the multi-target regulation of receptors receiving stimulation signals are the essential link of the bidirectional regulation of acupuncture. The possible mechanisms of bidirectional regulation of acupuncture are discussed in 4 aspects, i.e. homeostasis mechanism, stress reaction, central adaptive regulation and autonomic nerve regulation. Knowing the limitations of bidirectional regulation and exploring suitable researchmethods are proposed to be the key points in future researches.