Automotive Lighting Research Articles

How Connected Cars Could Capture Cloud Dynamics for Solar Forecasting—Evidence from Two Simulation Scenarios

The rapidly increasing share of fluctuating electricity from photovoltaics calls for accurate approaches to estimate cloud motion, the primary source for the varying power supply. While local sensor networks are prominent in targeting forecast horizons too short for image‐based methods, they have minimal spatial coverage. This work presents the first step towards expanding those approaches to spatially scalable sensor networks: With the motivation of using automotive light sensors as a sensor network, two excerpts from a microscopic traffic simulation serve as simulative sensor networks. A fractal‐based cloud shadow pattern passes the sensor network areas with defined velocities and directions, which shall be estimated using the cumulative mean absolute error method. The evaluation results indicate that the more extensive observation areas compensate for the dynamics in the sensor network when compared to a reference work with a static sensor grid. Furthermore, this work shows how the estimates deteriorate with lower vehicle penetration rates (PR) and longer building shadows due to a lower solar elevation angle. At a penetration rate of 40%, the root mean square errors for both sensor networks are still below 5 ms−1. In conclusion, the spatiotemporal characteristics of a vehicle network offer a potential for estimating cloud movements.

Temperature Behavior in Headlights: A Comparative Analysis between Battery Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

In the context of a global shift towards renewable energies and climate change mitigation, the market for electric vehicles has experienced a remarkable upswing, with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) leading this transformative wave. The appeal of BEVs lies in their ability to significantly curtail CO2 emissions by supplanting the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric motor. This pivotal change in vehicular technology extends its influence to various subsystems, including automotive lighting. Headlights are particularly sensitive to the thermal environment they operate in, which can profoundly affect their functionality and durability. The removal of an ICE in BEVs typically results in a reduction in heat exposure to headlight components, prompting a potential reevaluation of their design. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of temperature distributions within headlight units, comparing BEVs and ICE vehicles. The study encompasses a robust dataset of nearly 30,000 vehicles from around the globe, taking into account the impact of ambient temperature on headlight operation. The investigation delineates the distinct thermal behaviors of the two vehicle categories and offers strategic recommendations for conceptual modifications of headlights in BEVs. These adjustments are aimed at enhancing headlight efficacy, prolonging lifespan, and furthering the sustainability objectives of electric mobility.

Adilights: A Novel Automotive Lighting System for Enhanced Safety

Adilights: A Novel Automotive Lighting System for Enhanced Safety

Development of Student Worksheets based on the Discovery Learning Approach in the Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Program at Vocational High Schools

This research aims to develop student worksheets based on the discovery learning approach. Designing Student Worksheets based on the discovery learning approach for class x automotive light vehicle engineering at state vocational high school 1 Seunuddon. Vocational Education Study Program in Mechanical Engineering fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan Malikussaleh University, 2024. This research aims to describe the design, feasibility and learning outcomes of class automotive. This research uses a mix methods approach. This research used a sample consisting of 8 class X students majoring in automotive engineering. Data collection uses questionnaires, documentation, interviews and observations, data analysis techniques use percentage qualitative analysis through data collection and drawing conclusions. The research results show student learning outcomes. The media I results gave an overall score with a percentage of 89.28% and media experts II gave an overall score with a percentage of 89.28%. The average percentage of the two validators shows the "very feasible" category. Thus, this student worksheet is very suitable for usefor learning by teachers and students. Where the value obtained has passed the learning objective achievement criteria value which has been determined as a reference for the success of the learning process at 75 with a percentage of 78.75%, thus it can be concluded that the value obtained by the students is categorized as complete. Thus, this student worksheet is suitable for use by teachers and students for a more effective learning process.

Innovative Stacked Yellow and Blue Mini-LED Chip for White Lamp Applications.

This study introduces a novel approach for fabricating vertically stacked mini-LED arrays, integrating InGaN yellow and blue epitaxial layers with a stress buffer layer to enhance optoelectronic characteristics and structural stability. This method significantly simplifies the LED design by reducing the need for RGB configurations, thus lowering costs and system complexity. Employing vertical stacking integration technology, the design achieves high-density, efficient white light production suitable for multifunctional applications, including automotive lighting and outdoor signage. Experimental results demonstrate the exceptional performance of the stacked yellow and blue mini-LEDs in terms of luminous efficiency, wavelength precision, and thermal stability. The study also explores the performance of these LEDs under varying temperature conditions and their long-term reliability, indicating that InGaN-based yellow LEDs offer superior performance over traditional AlGaInP yellow LEDs, particularly in high-temperature environments. This technology promises significant advancements in the design and application of lighting systems, with potential implications for both automotive and general illumination markets.

Exploring the Feasibility of Eu(TTA)3TPPO as Pigment for Fluorescent Paint

We outline the synthesis of rare earth hybrid organic β-diketonate Eu(TTA)3TPPO complex [Eu: Europium, TTA: Thenoyl Trifluoro Acetone, TPPO: Triphenylphosphine oxide] pigment to formulate luminous paints. Epoxy and urea formaldehyde resins were synthesized by catalytic homo polymerization and solution polymerization technique, respectively. The fluorescent pigment was synthesized at ambient temperature by solution technique, maintaining the stoichiometric ratio at pH 7. Nextly, fluorescent paint was developed on glass substrate with epoxy (E) and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins and toluene as solvent with thickness 0.1 mm, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and photometric assessment of the complex were carried out to probe its photophysical parameters. The excitation spectra of the synthesized complex depicts a wide-ranging excitation peak at 466 nm with a wide shoulder at 538 nm, while emission spectra discloses an intense peak, recorded at 617 nm which portrays colour in the reddish-orange region of the visible spectrum. The paint compositions were checked for tack-free, hard dry, adhesion, water, salt, alkali and acid spray test to study their resistance against distinct surroundings. The painted panels also portrayed reddish orange emission at a unique wavelength of 617 nm. Amid all the paint compositions, the intensity of the painted panel with urea formaldehyde as a binder was found to be maximum, followed by the painted panel with epoxy as the binder. Photometric evaluation revealed reddish-orange emission from pure pigment as well as painted panels, which portrayed in the visible spectrum. This proposes a way to develop fluorescent paints that find applications in several areas such as flexible displays, glow-in-dark road paints, OLED devices, automotive rare lighting, fluorescent sensors, aircraft cabin and floor lighting, architectural and interior decorations and many more.

Validating multiple variants of an automotive light system with Alloy 6

This paper reports on the development and validation of a formal model for an automotive adaptive exterior lights system (ELS) with multiple variants in Alloy 6, which is the most recent version of the Alloy lightweight formal specification language that supports mutable relations and temporal logic. We explore different strategies to address variability, one in pure Alloy and another through an annotative language extension. We then show how Alloy and its Analyzer can be used to validate systems of this nature, namely by checking that the reference scenarios are admissible, and to automatically verify whether the established requirements hold. A prototype was developed to translate the provided validation sequences into Alloy and back to further automate the validation process. The resulting ELS model was validated against the provided validation sequences and verified for most of requirements for all variants.

An Event-B model of an automotive adaptive exterior light system

An Event-B model of an automotive adaptive exterior light system

Islamic religious education learning innovations in strengthening character education in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

<p>This research is based on the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects in strengthening student character in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. In connection with this, this research aims to determine Islamic religious education (PAI) learning innovations in strengthening the character of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. This research uses qualitative research methods, which are delivered descriptively. Sources of information in this research include school principals, teachers, education staff, and students who participate in learning activities in class XI of the Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Skills Program (TKRO) at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. The primary data source is in the form of the words and actions of the subject, which is the focus of the research; the rest is in the form of additional data such as documents, photos, and others. This research concluded that the "Kaizen" method, which originates from Japanese, the Japanese concept of Continuous Incremental Improvement, can strengthen character education and become a PAI learning innovation in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The "Kaizen" method includes five stages with the prefix "S": Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke.</p>

Investigating the Laser engraving on Polymethyl methacrylate sheets and process parameters optimization using GRA technique.

Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is sound-resistant because it can lessen the transmission of outside sound waves. PMMA is widely used in many applications, such as automotive lighting, electronics and energy, health, sanitation, etc. Laser engraving for PMMA sheet panels with process parameters of good quality is a major problem in the process industry. There is a demand for surface roughness that is affected by the volume of material removal. Therefore, in this work, multi-value response optimization was performed on MRR and surface roughness during laser engraving of PMMA sheets using an optical fiber diode in a dry environment through gray relational analysis. Also, regression models are developed, and their responses are compared for their correlation. The GRA combined with the Taguchi method has proved efficient in the decision-making of multi-responses in a laser engraving environment.

Advanced Detection of Failed LEDs in a Short Circuit for Automotive Lighting Applications.

This paper addresses the issue of LED short-circuit fault detection in signaling and lighting systems in the automotive industry. The conventional diagnostic method commonly implemented in newer vehicles relies on measuring the voltage drop across different LED branches and comparing it with threshold values indicating faults caused by open circuits or LED short circuits. With this algorithm, detecting cases of a few LEDs short-circuited within a branch, particularly a single malfunctioning LED, is particularly challenging. In this work, two easily implementable algorithms are proposed to address this issue within the vehicle's control unit. One is based on a mathematical prediction model, while the other utilizes a neural network. The results obtained offer a 100% LED short-circuit fault detection rate in the majority of analyzed cases, representing a significant improvement over the conventional method, even in scenarios involving a single malfunctioning LED within a branch. Additionally, the neural network-based model can accurately predict the number of failed LEDs.

Optical and Visual Performance of PWM Controlled InGaN and InGaAlP LEDs for Automotive Lighting Applications

Optical and Visual Performance of PWM Controlled InGaN and InGaAlP LEDs for Automotive Lighting Applications

Superfinishing of hardened steel for the moulding industry of automotive lighting parts

Achieving a mirror-like finish surface quality in plastic injection molds and dies is necessary for the manufacture of optical components in the automotive industry. Any defects present on the mold surface will be evidenced on the injected part, compromising the functionality of the final product. Moreover, the typically employed finishing techniques (milling and polishing) in mould steels can be excessively time-consuming. The identification of machining and polishing combinations that meet the demanding surface requirements while minimizing time and material resources is therefore essential for ensuring the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the mould-making process. In this work, an experimental study was conducted on the milling of hardened tool steel using a 6 mm two flute ball nose end mill. Distinct configurations of axial and radial depths of cut as well as feed per tooth were considered and their impact on the pre-polishing surface roughness was analysed. A methodology for the parametrization of polishing conditions was developed, ensuring consistency of speed and pressure. Further tests were conducted to evaluate the relation between post-polishing surface quality and the total duration of the combined finishing approach. The polishing stage consisted on submitting the milled samples to SiC paper (800 and 1000 grit) and diamond cloth (6 and 3 µm) polishing. The method provided enhanced control of the polishing operation and revealed milling/polishing improved sequences for attaining surface roughness technical requisites.

3D Simulation of Conducted EMI for Automotive Lighting Systems

3D Simulation of Conducted EMI for Automotive Lighting Systems

Teacher and Student Competence Improvement at SMK Muhammadiyah Karangkobar

Abstract. Vocational High School (SMK) is a Vocational High School that targets the formation of character and skills for its graduates. The learning system in Vocational Schools that includes practical material makes Vocational graduates ready to use and able to work and even create jobs. So that SMK graduates are targeted to be able to contribute to the local economy. Highly contradictory conditions were found at the Muhammadiyah Karangkobar Vocational School, Banjarnegara. Muhammadiyah Karangkobar Vocational School is still overwhelmed by the problem of limited learning support practice equipment. So far the practical Teaching and Learning Process (PBM) has only been carried out by watching videos due to the limited equipment and practical simulators available in schools. Occasionally PBM practices using the private vehicles of students/teachers who are willing to use their vehicles as practice media. This condition is still not optimal because the work done tends to be light work which does not adequately represent the material for the Department. This condition is of course not very good considering that the output of SMK students is skills that should be acquired through a structured and systematic practicum process. The solutions offered in these problems are, firstly, providing support equipment grants in practice, especially periodic maintenance of automotive light vehicles, and electric welding tools and bench work, and secondly, providing training to teachers and students of Muhammadiyah Karangkobar Vocational School on Machine Elements, supplemented with job sheets and preceded by the provision of material in advance. The Muhammadiyah Organization-Based Community Service Program (PPM-Muh) aims to increase the knowledge and skills of teachers and students of SMK Muhammadiyah Karangkobar in carrying out periodic service work and light vehicle tune-ups. The dedication method is carried out through the theoretical provision of engine maintenance through classroom learning, soft skills, demonstrations, and tune-up practical exercises. The targets of this training program are teachers and students of SMK Muhammadiyah Karangkobar.

LED biasing scheme with thermal compensation for automotive industry applications

This work introduces a novel scheme for driving light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with thermal compensation. The primary objective of the system is to address the issue of emitted light intensity drift caused by temperature variations, with a particular focus on the automotive industry. The developed technique proposes an alternative approach to the traditional thermal approach, which primarily focuses on heat dissipation. In contrast, the presented strategy utilizes a temperature-dependent element, such as a thermistor, to generate a reference current that increases with temperature. The generated current is then amplified by a commercial integrated driver and employed to bias the LEDs. Consequently, the reduction in the emitted light intensity resulting from an increase in the internal temperature of the LED is counterbalanced by an elevation in the bias current. The luminous flux model developed for the proposed system predicts the attainment of stable light intensity across a wide temperature range. The proposed strategy has been applied to three commercial LEDs commonly employed in automotive signal lighting to produce red, yellow, and white light. Experimental results confirm a significant reduction in the thermal dependence of the luminous flux, with reduction factor of temperature dependence ranging between 3.7 and 14.2 for the least and most temperature-sensitive LED models analyzed, respectively.

Adhesion Strength and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Ceramic Coating on Laser-Textured Aluminum Alloy

Laser surface texturing and micro-arc oxidation provide excellent approaches to enhance the adhesion strength and anti-corrosion performance of adhesive bonding interfaces in aluminum alloys, which can be applied in the field of automotive light weighting. Herein, micro-arc oxidation coatings were fabricated on the laser-textured aluminum surface under the voltage of 500 V for various treatment times (5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min). The anti-corrosion performance of ceramic coatings on the laser-textured surface was analyzed using electrochemical measurements. The results of electrochemical measurement indicate that the coating on the sample surface presents two time constants corresponding to a dual-layer structure. The sample grown under 500 V for 60 min exhibits excellent protective performance with a value of 1.3 × 107 ohm·cm2. The adhesion strength of laser-textured ceramic coating is improved compared with the as-received substrate. The sample treated with 500 V for 30 min exhibits the highest bonding strength with a value of 52 MPa. The wider pores and bulges for the sample grown in 60 min would introduce microcracks and consequently reduce the adhesion strength.

Development of Learning Videos Using YouTube Integrated Video Prezi Applications on Fuel Injection Systems in Vocational Schools

The development of information and communication technology has touched various aspects of life, one of which is the world of education. Education cannot be separated from the development of IT. The Prezi video application can be used to create interesting learning video media for students. This research is a Research and Development (RD) research through a 4D development model, which consists of 4 stages, namely: (a) Define, (b) Design, (c) Develop, and (d) Disseminate. This study aims to develop material on the basic competence of gasoline injection systems for class XI Automotive Light Vehicle Engine Maintenance. Subject Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering ( TKRO) expertise program at a state vocational high school in Serang City. This research is limited to the development of media, which is validated by media experts, material experts, and student response trials. This is due to the limited research time. Data analysis techniques were obtained for product feasibility with a Likert scale. From the results of the stages carried out through this method, it can be concluded that the material expert validation was obtained by 87% with the very feasible category and the average media expert validation was obtained by 90% with the very feasible category to be used as an alternative learning video media to make it easier for students to understand material about Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) Gasoline Injection system. Based on product trials conducted by 30 students, 87% of results were obtained in the very good category, or students were very interested in the learning videos that the researchers made.

PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN FASILITAS PRAKTIK JURUSAN TEKNIK KENDARAAN RINGAN DI SMK NEGERI SAPTOSARI GUNUNGKIDUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

The demands of technological developments require educational institutions to update and equip practical facilities to support the achievement of graduate targets. This requires resources capable of operating and using these practice facilities. This Community Service Program aims to provide training on the use of student practice facilities in the form of Smoke Testers and Gas Analyzers to teachers and technicians of the Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Department at SMK N Saptosari, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. With this training, it is hoped that teachers and employees will be able to use the equipment in accordance with procedures. The target audience for this activity are teachers and employees in the Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Department at SMK N Saptosari. The method used in this activity is through exposure delivered by experts which is then followed by hands-on practical training activities in the use of Smoke Tester and Gas Analyzer tools. The indicator for achieving the objectives in this PPM activity is increasing the knowledge and understanding of the target audience about the use of practical facilities in the form of Smoke Tester and Gas Analyzer tools. The results of the evaluation conducted using a questionnaire showed that the training participants were very satisfied with the activities carried out and wished that these activities be carried out continuously.

Machine Vision System for Automatic Adjustment of Optical Components in LED Modules for Automotive Lighting

This paper presents a machine vision system that performs the automatic positioning of optical components in LED modules of automotive headlamps. The automatic adjustment of the module is a process of great interest at the industrial level, as it allows us to reduce reworks, increasing the company profits. We propose a machine vision system with a flexible hardware–software structure that allows it to adapt to a wide range of LED modules. Its hardware is composed of image-capturing devices, which enable us to obtain the LED module light pattern, and mechanisms for manipulating and holding the module to be adjusted. Its software design follows a component-based approach which allows us to increase the reusage of the code, decreasing the time required for configuring any type of LED module. To assess the efficiency and robustness of the industrial system, a series of tests, using three commercial models of LED modules, have been performed. In all cases, the automatically adjusted LED modules followed the ECE R112 regulation for automotive lighting.