Automotive Industrial Sectors Research Articles

The Effect of Brand Experience on Brand Loyalty in Indonesian automotive Industry: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Brand Trust


 
 
 
 The automotive industry is one of the mainstay sectors of national economic growth in Indonesia and the performance of this automotive industry sector always grows and leads in a positive direction every year making business competition dynamic and competitive. Marketers in the automotive industry need to try to increase brand loyalty to get customer repurchase intention and word of mouth. Customer repurchase intention is very important for business continuity in every company and word of mouth as a powerful marketing strategy to increase brand trust which has an impact on increasing sales. Customer satisfaction is an aspect that can create repurchase intention, while brand trust will increase customer word of mouth. The right strategy to achieve customer satisfaction and brand trust is to create a positive brand experience for customers. This research aims to determine the effect of brand experience on brand loyalty directly and indirectly through customer satisfaction and brand trust on Toyota brand car customers in Madiun. This type of research approach uses quantitative descriptive analysis with explanatory research methods and the sample technique uses random sampling, with a total sample of 200 respondents and the determination of the number of samples in this study using purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used a questionnaire and the data was analyzed by SEM-PLS using smartPLS3 software. The findings of this research indicate that brand experience does not have a significant effect on brand loyalty directly. Meanwhile, customer satisfaction and brand trust are able to perfectly mediate the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty.
 
 
 

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

Enhanced mar/scratch resistance in automotive clear coatings by modifying crosslinked polyurethane network with branched flexible oligomers

Mar and scratch resistance are a major concern for automotive and other industrial sectors from causing inconvenient aesthetic changes on clear coats. Then, a series of two-component solvent-borne polyurethane coatings were formulated with branched polycaprolactone (PCL) oligomers. The effect of the partial substitution of acrylic polyols by tri- and tetra-functional PCL polyols on adhesion, chemical resistance, thermo-mechanical properties and aesthetic response was analysed. The PCL polyols drove to plasticised networks with lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and promoted rubbery state at room temperature. The associated growth in chain mobility did not appreciably affect the key performance of the coatings, apart from the chemical resistance of formulations with PCL triols. Furthermore, remarkable improvement of wear resistance from promoted recovery response was demonstrated. The clear coats with moderated content of PCL polyols yielded a reduced loss of specular gloss with time after repeated scrubbing operations by an abrasive paper. The proposed approach, thus, is presented as a versatile strategy to tailor the mechanical surface properties of clear coats.

Investment decision by using Capital Asset Method Pricing Model (CAPM) (Case studies on five automotive companies listed in stock exchange)

Investment is a tool for investors to get more profit than what has been invested. Investors must be able to predict the possibilities that occur when investing. Capital Asset Pricing Model is a tool to predict the development of investment in a particular company used to calculate and determine the Expected Return in minimizing risk investments. The authors conducted research using a sample of 5 companies in the automotive industry, namely PT Astra International Tbk, PT Indokordsa Tbk, PT Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk, PT Astra Otoparts Tbk, and PT Gajah Tunggal Tbk. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with Microsoft Excel 2016 analysis tools. This study aims to determine Portfolio Analysis with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach which is used as the basis for making stock investment decisions in automotive industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Use from the results of the analysis of the results by comparing the value of E(Ri) has a directly proportional relationship, meaning that the higher the value of, then the stock return (E(Ri)) will be high as well. Of the 5 companies, there are 2 companies that are in the Undervalued category and 3 companies that are in the overvalued category. This means that investors who will invest in companies engaged in the automotive industry can decide to buy shares of the companies PT Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk and PT Gajah Tunggal Tbk, because they are classified as undervalued. Meanwhile, investors who want to invest in shares are not advised to buy company shares that are in the overvalued category, but are advised to sell them to investors who already have shares in the company.

Employees' Digital Competency Development in the Construction and Automotive Industrial Sectors

Nowadays, many companies make a great deal of effort to take full advantage of digital transformation and stay ahead of their competitors. The influence of digitalisation on manpower development and human capabilities as well as on the business environment, in general, is especially noticeable in the construction and automotive sectors. That is why the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of new digital technologies on employee competency development in Czech construction and automotive companies. The quantitative methodology is based on primary data collection conducted from July through October 2020 using the CAWI method. As a result, 27 responses from Czech construction companies and 39 responses from Czech automotive companies have been gathered in Survio software, processed and analysed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test of independence. The qualitative data analysis applied in this paper includes three semi-structured interviews with human resource managers of selected Czech companies in the automotive industry. The advantages and disadvantages of the Covid-19 pandemic situation from the point of view of human resource management and employee training have also been analysed in the presented case study. The findings in this paper confirm that creating a digitally ready workforce and changing the employees’; mindset towards the new style of doing their jobs remain significant challenges to deal with in the Czech construction and automotive industries. Implications for Central European audience: This paper focuses primarily on the training and professional development of people employed in the construction and automotive sectors, which have been highly affected by the ongoing digitalisation of business and the current Covid-19 pandemic situation. As the results further demonstrate, the widespread use of digital technologies can definitely help to enhance employees’; digital competencies. However, the employees still have to get used to a digitalised workplace. In such conditions, the role of human resource managers is key in the implementation of continuous training as part of the corporate culture.

Electrode Heterogeneity Understanding through Data-Driven Benchmarking for Manufacturing Process Optimization

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are under the spotlight in automotive industry sector due to the very significant efforts made along the last 50 years to increase their performance and to reduce their cost [¹]. In that sense, the optimization of the battery production process needs to be carefully considered. Indeed, this process results from a complex interplay between numerous parameters, such as the slurry formulation, the drying rate of the solvent and the calendering pressure. The automatic assessment of the effect of those numerous parameters on the resulting electrodes properties is therefore crucially needed.Existing computational tools started to capture such effect thanks to multiscale physical modeling [²,³] and Machine Learning (ML) analysis [⁴], which offer powerful capabilities for accelerating manufacturing process optimization which is currently based on trial and error. The rheological properties of the electrode slurry and the coating process parameters constitute major factors affecting the quality of the produced electrodes in terms of degree of textural homogeneity, the latter directly affecting the LIB cell performance and cycle-life [⁵]. In this presentation, we introduce a novel data-driven study of the effect of electrode manufacturing parameters on the heterogeneity of NMC811-based cathodes. The proposed data-driven methodology is supported on experimental measurements, for defining automatically heterogeneous electrodes from mass loading and thickness properties, and analyzing their evolution within the batch of manufacturing parameters ranges, by using advanced statistics and Machine Learning. This methodology pinpoints an easy way of optimizing LIBs manufacturing parameters for experimental researchers, complementing the ongoing efforts by us towards digital twins of battery manufacturing [⁶].

Optimization of friction stir welding parameters of dissimilar aluminium alloys 6061 and 5083 by using response surface methodology

Aluminium and its alloys are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, affordable and high-strength material and find wide applications in shipbuilding, automotive, constructions, aerospace and other industrial sectors. In applications like aerospace, marine and automotive industries, there is a need to join components made of different aluminium alloys, viz. AA6061 and AA5083. In this study friction stir welding (FSW) is used to join dissimilar plates made of AA6061-T6 and AA5083-O. The effect of varying tool pin profile, tool rotation speed, tool feed rate and tilt angle of the tool has been investigated on the tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welded joints. Box-Behkan design, with four input parameters and three levels of each parameter has been employed to decide the set of experimental runs. The regression models have been developed to investigate the influence of welding variables on the tensile strength and elongation of the welded joint. It is revealed that with the increase in welding parameters like tool rpm, tool feed rate and tilt angle of the tool, both the mechanical properties increase, reach a maximum level, followed by a decrease with further increase in the value of parameters. Amongst different types of tool pin profiles used, the FSW tool having straight cylindrical (SC) pin profile is found to yield the maximum strength and elongation of the welded joint for different combinations of welding parameters. Multiple response optimization indicates that the maximum UTS (135.83 MPa) and TE (4.35%) are obtained for the welded joint fabricated using FSW tool having SC pin profile, tilted at 1.11° and operating at tool speed and feed rate of 1568 rpm and 39.53 mm/min., respectively.

Identification of Implementation Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green (LARG) Approach in Indonesia Automotive Industry

Indonesia's economic growth, which has developed in the last few decades, has contributed to an increase in the automotive industry sector. The automotive industry continues to increase the competitiveness of the automotive industry. The Lean, Agile, Resilient, Green (LARG) approach that has been applied by several global automotive industries, is able to increase competitiveness and performance in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the LARG approach in Indonesian automotive, as one of the bases for the automotive industry in Asia. The LARG value index is conducted to determine the level of application in the automotive industry in Indonesia. The mapping of the level of importance and performance of each of the LARG sub indicators was carried out using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results of this study confirm that there are several LARG sub indicators that have not been implemented properly. Green has the most sub-indicators that need to be improved, namely PG1 (ISO 14000 and OHSAS Certificates), PG2 (Collaboration with suppliers and customers in protecting the environment), PG6 (Carrying out industrial waste recycling), and PG8 (Product design that can reduce consumption of energy and raw materials). The calculation of the LARG implementation index value is 4.41.

Analysis of Working Capital Management in Automotive Industry Sector Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to determine the analysis of working capital management in automotive industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The object of the study consisted of 12 companies included in the automotive industry sector which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that the average collection period, inventory collection period, average payment period, and cash conversion cycle showed fluctuating results during the study period . The less time it takes for a company to collect receivables, the more liquid a company is. While the less time needed to convert raw materials into finished goods shows good results because the inventory will not be too long in the warehouse so that it will reduce costs. The average payment period is relative for each company. That's because every company has a debt agreement with a certain period. The less time needed by the company since the raw materials purchased are paid until the trade receivables from the sale are billed, the better for the company because the faster the time needed to turn money into goods and into cash back which will increase company profits.

The Effect of Capital Structure, Profitability and Company Size on Value of Companies In The Automotive Industry Sector Listed on IDX 2014-2018

This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure on firm value, the effect of profitability on firm value, and to determine the effect of company size on firm value in the automotive industry sector listed on the Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. This study aims to determine the causal correlation between 2 or more variables. Meanwhile, based on the type of data, this research is categorized as a causality quantitative study, namely research to describe the state of the company which is carried out by analysis based on the data obtained. The dependent variable in this study is firm value, while the independent variable is Capital Structure, Profitability, and Company Size. In this study using secondary data obtained from Automotive Industry Sector Companies Listed on the IDX in 2014-2018. The objects in this study are capital structure (X1), profitability (X2) and company size (X3) and their influence on firm value (Y). The population used in this study were all manufacturing companies in the automatic industrial sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, totaling 18 companies. Sampling in this study was carried out using purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that first, capital structure affects firm value. This indicates that increasing DER will result in good management, which can increase company profits, thereby increasing company value. Second, profitability has a negative effect on firm value. This shows that even though the company has suffered losses in the past few years, investors have confidence in the business prospects of companies in the automotive industry sector in the future if managed properly and professionally. Third, company size has a negative effect on firm value, meaning that the bigger a company is, the less efficient it is in managing its resources, and the more complicated

Low Friction Clutch Using Planetary Gears and Cams Mechanisms (Part I: Idea and Preliminary Design)

Research progress in the automotive industry sector is highly motivated by scarcity and rapid depletion of the fossil fuels. Hence, designing automotive components that could support decreasing power losses is critical to efficient use of fuel. Clutches are basic elements in automotive industries for controlling motion transmission. Furthermore, of power related to the spin loss phenomenon in clutches significantly affects the motion transmission efficiency. Therefore, automotive industry developers are looking forward to develop advanced clutches that yield to low losses associated with quick response. The friction in clutches' disks is a main source of power losses. Also, the friction affects the clutches life time which causes sudden troubles. This paper presents a conceptual design of low friction clutch using permanent magnet cylinders, planetary gears and cams mechanisms for reducing of power in order to improve system efficiency. This clutch uses the magnetic forces effect of magnetic cylinders instead of the direct contact effect of the regular clutch's friction disks. Also, this clutch is provided with cams mechanism for assuring that motion is completely stopped. Moreover, planetary gears of this clutch decrease rotation speed and increase torque as an initial reduction gear box. Finally, a prototype of this clutch is presented for testing the conceptual design validity.

Modernization of Robotics Application in 21st Century: A Review

The subject of robotics cover ups many diverse areas. Robots are very potent elements of today’s manufacturing industry. Robots are simultaneously with other devices, equipment's, peripherals and manufacturing machines, basically robots are integrated in system. Robots are proficient of performing many difficult tasks and operation accurately and does not need general safety and comfort essentials which human need. Robotics systems consist of not only just a robot, but also other appliances and the systems that are applied simultaneously with the robots to perform essential jobs. In this article we will discuss the application of robotics in modern automotive industry and others sector. Different types of automation systems are described in this article with the help of individual working mechanism.

A Decision-Making Tool Based on Exploratory Visualization for the Automotive Industry

In recent years, the digital transformation has been advancing in industrial companies, supported by the Key Enabling Technologies (Big Data, IoT, etc.) of Industry 4.0. As a consequence, companies have large volumes of data and information that must be analyzed to give them competitive advantages. This is of the utmost importance in fields such as Failure Detection (FD) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM). Finding patterns in such data is not easy, but cutting-edge technologies, such as Machine Learning (ML), can make great contributions. As a solution, this study extends Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots (HUEPs), as a visualization technique that combines Exploratory Projection Pursuit (EPP) and Clustering methods. An extended formulation of HUEPs is proposed, adding for the first time the following EPP methods: Classical Multidimensional Scaling, Sammon Mapping and Factor Analysis. Extended HUEPs are validated in a case study associated with a multinational company in the automotive industry sector. Two real-life datasets containing data gathered from a Waterjet Cutting tool are visualized in an intuitive and informative way. The obtained results show that HUEPs is a technique that supports the continuous monitoring of machines in order to anticipate failures. This contribution to visual data analytics can help companies in decision-making, regarding FD and PdM projects.

Profile Optimization of Hydraulic, Polymeric, Sliding Seals by Minimizing an Objective Function of Leakage, Friction and Abrasive Wear

Hydraulic dynamic seals for reciprocating or alternating motion are machine elements with widespread applications in the automotive, aerospace, marine, pharmaceutical and several other industrial sectors. They have been under commercial development for many decades, and are often met in critical positions, consuming a considerable amount of energy during operation. An objective function of mass leakage rate, friction force and an abrasive-wear representative term is proposed in the present study to evaluate the performance of hydraulic, polymeric sliding seals under suitable constraints. Using Variational Calculus, analytical and numerical techniques, the objective function is minimized, resulting in an optimal seal profile that maximizes sealing performance for given, steady-state operating conditions, in additional consideration of the structural integrity and manufacturability of the modified seal. The obtained seal shape and related pressure distribution are reminiscent of those for U-cup and step seals, designs that dominate the industry. In the course of the mathematical analysis, some major obstacles are documented that show how sensitive and complicated sealing performance really is.

Microstructural, mechanical and wear characteristics of aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing

Aluminum matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and defense sector owing to its excellent weight-to-strength ratio. Friction stir processing has emerged as an excellent technique to produce particle reinforced as well as fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites. This article is a state of the art of aluminum matrix composite fabrication by friction stir processing route. The fabrication procedure has been discussed with carefully mentioning the parameters associated with the process. Microstructures and consequent mechanical properties of the composites have been evaluated. Particular attention is given on the microstructural modification and strengthening mechanism. Also the wear and corrosion behavior of the composites has been discussed thoroughly. Finally, the article has been concluded with some suggestions toward future work.

Study on effect of process parameters on tensile properties of compression molded natural fiber reinforced polymer composites

Recently natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are highly employed in the automotive, construction and packaging industrial sectors. Hence, there is huge demand for mechanical property improvement of these natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials. Desired improvements in mechanical properties can be achieved by optimizing the process parameters while fabricating the composites. In the present experimental endeavor an attempt has been made to fabricate natural fibre reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) with the objective of developing the PMCs with improved tensile property using the compression moulding process. The knowledge of process parameters such as heating temperature (T), compressive pressure (P) and molding time (t) of the polymer sheets and the developed composites are necessary to make a part of improved mechanical properties. The processing parametric conditions and techniques for the fabrication of the composite have been identified by measurements of tensile properties and micrograph image observation.

Rubber Agriculture Tapanuli in the Malaise Era, 1929 – 1939

Entering the early 1930s, people's purchasing power has decreased due to the sluggish world economy. This event was later called "The Great Depression" or better known as "Malaise". This decline also occurred in the automotive industry sector which uses a lot of processed rubber as a supporting component. Reduction of the amount of production in the automotive industry then results in reduced absorption of processed rubber . At the same time, the production of rubber precisely increased. As a result, the price of rubber has dropped dramatically. This condition has certainly hit rubber producers. Including smallholder rubber farmers in Tapanuli who also felt the impact of the economic crisis. This paper discusses the condition of smallholder rubber farming in Tapanuli during the malaise. The discussion starts from the situation of smallholder rubber farming before the malaise, continued with the economic depression and its impact on rubber prices, the policy of production restriction by the Dutch East Indies Government and its application, to the impact on rubber farmers in the region. From the results of this study, it can be said that smallholder rubber farmers in Tapanuli were also affected by the "malaise" but the impact was not significant because the community did not adopt a monoculture pattern.

VAPS to bridge gap between Institute & Automotive Industry

Abstract The Automotive Industry sector and automotive allied firms have grown significantly far above the expectations in recent years, and their expectations from undergraduates/postgraduates are peaking up every moment. The Automotive Industry pioneers such as Bosch, Mercedes, Continental, Delphi, and many more expect industry-ready graduates, so that they can put them on the project directly without spending much time on the OJT’s(On Job Training). This would greatly reduce the time to market their products. The automotive industry is looking for skilled engineers having strong hands-on experience in embedded C, Model-Based Design & development, communication protocols like CAN, LIN, Flexray, and exposure to modern industry tools like CANalyzer/Busmaster and VMLAB. To address the industry needs stated above, at an institute level every student undergo automotive electronics theory course along with automotive electronics lab as a part of the curriculum during the sixth semester but this does not completely fill the gap, therefore, an Advanced Automotive Course called as “VAPs” is conducted only for the automotive industry placed students after the completion of the graduate program. The paper details about the VAPs conducted for the automotive industry placed graduates. This course greatly helped the students to crack the post-placement test conducted by the industry, and it also has significantly reduced the training programs conducted in the industry. VAPs indirectly boosted the placement count.

The Role of Process Improvements Tools in Building Relationship between Suppliers and Industrial Clients

The purpose of this research paper is to present the role of process improvements tools in building relationships between clients and suppliers on the industrial goods market. Their identification was based on an analysis of the literature, as well as on the results of empirical research conducted by the CATI technique and covered 300 producers that were suppliers for enterprises from the chemical, metal and automotive industry sectors operating in Poland. The results of the conducted research indicate that the main supplier requirements relating to technical quality of products, shortening cycles of process implementation and willingness of the supplier to reduce costs. One could also observe that for many industrial clients, their relationships with suppliers are not just confined to fulfilling rigorous requirements. Increasingly, they recognize that building their competitive advantage also requires building partnerships with suppliers that are manifested in joint projects in the field of effective application of the requirements of tool (like quality, environmental and safety management systems, Toyota Production System or Lean Management concept), which have an impact on the improvement of the products and processes in the supply chain.

Experimental Characterization of Electrical Discharge Machining of Aluminum 6061 T6 Alloy using Different Dielectrics

Electrical discharge machining is a non-traditional machining method broadly employed in industries for machining of parts that have typical profiles and require great accuracy. This paper investigates the effects of electrical parameters: pulse-on-time and current on three performance measures (material removal rate, microstructures and electrode wear rate), using distilled water and kerosene as dielectrics. A comparison between dielectrics for the machining of aluminum 6061 T6 alloy material in terms of performance measures was performed. Aluminum 6061 T6 alloy material was selected, because of its growing use in the automotive and aerospace industrial sectors. The experimental sequence was designed using Taguchi technique of L9 orthogonal array by changing three levels of pulse-on-time and current, and test runs were performed separately for each dielectric. The results obtained show that greater electrode wear rate (EWR) and higher material removal rate (MRR) were achieved with distilled water when compared with kerosene. These greater EWR and MRR responses can be attributed to the early breakage of the weak oxide and carbide layers formed on the tool and alloy material surfaces, respectively. The innovative contributions of this study include, but are not limited to, the possibility of machining of aluminum 6061 T6 alloy with graphite electrode to enhance machinability and fast cutting rate employing two different dielectrics.