Automobile Factory Research Articles

Intelligent vehicle modeling design based on image processing

With the urgent demand of consumers for diversified automobile modeling, simple, efficient, and intelligent automobile modeling analysis and modeling method is an urgent problem to be solved in current automobile modeling design. The purpose of this article is to analyze the modeling preference and trend of the current automobile market in time, which can assist the modeling design of new models of automobile main engine factories and strengthen their branding family. Intelligent rapid modeling shortens the current modeling design cycle, so that the product rapid iteration is to occupy an active position in the automotive market. In this article, aiming at the family analysis of automobile front face, the image database of automobile front face modeling analysis was created. The database included two data sets of vehicle signs and no vehicle signs, and the image data of vehicle front face modeling of most models of 22 domestic mainstream brands were collected. Then, this article adopts the image classification processing method in computer vision to conduct car brand classification training on the database. Based on ResNet-8 and other model architectures, it trains and classifies the intelligent vehicle brand classification database with and without vehicle label. Finally, based on the shape coefficient, a 3D wireframe model and a curved surface model are obtained. The experimental results show that the 3D curve model can be obtained based on a single image from any angle, which greatly shortens the modeling period by 92%.

Flow Analysis and Optimization of the Air channel of Drying Chamber Based on CFD

According to the structure of the air channel in the drying chamber of an automobile factory, a model of the original structure of the drying chamber was established. The air flow of this structure is analyzed based on the CFD simulation, and the velocity at specific points of the car shell being dried is also analyzed. The results show that the original drying chamber structure is optimized, the air flow is uniform in the drying air chamber and short circuit of air between inlet and outlet in the drying chamber is decreased.

ОСНОВНІ ЗМІНИ РИНКОВИХ ПОЗИЦІЙ ТА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ СВІТОВИХ АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ТНК В УМОВАХ МІЖНАРОДНОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The paper investigates changes in market positions and competitiveness of global automotive TNCs in the system of international business. Country, sectoral and corporate factors influencing the choice of investment and non-investment methods for the development of new markets by automobile TNCs were identified, and a study of the degree of their influence on the company's decision-making was carried out. The features of the development of key markets of countries in different geographic regions are highlighted. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of production and sales of cars by European TNCs was carried out, which were the result of their active internationalization. Particular attention is paid to the "home" region of automobile TNCs, including the analysis of the specificity of environmental regulation of the location of automobile factories in the EU. It has been determined that the environmental aspect has become the most important element of the competitiveness of automobile companies. In the process, it was found that for the "home" region at the present stage, European automotive TNCs usually choose a strategy of mergers and acquisitions with exceptions in the form of joint ventures for the production of low-cost cars or greenfield-projects for luxury cars. In addition to acquisitions in order to strengthen their position in other markets, companies seek to specialize and get rid of non-core assets. The countries of Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are considered by European automobile TNCs as the most promising for further development and production of their products there. Market development strategies and the choice of method of starting production there are largely determined by the peculiarities of their national legislation, the expected magnitude of demand and the stability of the political situation. At existing enterprises, if necessary, companies increase production capacity, invest in equipment upgrades, move from assembly to full cycle production, as well as increase the level of localization (including by investing in the construction of engine plants).

Research on light weight of thin-walled beam for automobile body

The developing trend of the light-weight car is the using of new light-weight materials and the optimization of the car body structure. The beam construction is the major bearing part of the car body. The thin–walled beam of the light-material plays a significant role in lightening the car' own weight, saving the materials, reducing fuel consumption and air pollution. Firstly, the relationship between the thin-walled beam that is fixed in both points and the attribute of the material can be infered from the stiffness coefficient which used as the quantitative index to estimate materials. Then take the body-in-white produced by domestic car factory as an object of study, and use Cu or Al or Mg as the materials of the thin-walled beam to calculate the bending rigidity and torsional stiffness of thewhole car body by using the FEM simulation conducted in HyperMesh.The results show that under the condition of bending and torsion, the SME value is lower when the lighten materials such as Al or Cu are used as the bodywork of the thin-walled beam than steel is. Lighten material can greatly reduce the weight of the vehicle. But it also decreased the bending and torsional stiffness of the bodywork. Therefore, in order to avoid decreasing mechanical properties which caused by adopting lighten materials, we must consider the structural design of the thin-walled beam when adopt material for lightweight.

Assembly Variation Analysis of Incompletely Positioned Macpherson Suspension Systems Considering Vehicle Load Change

Abstract The assembly precision of wheel alignment parameters is vital to vehicle handling stability. Due to the vertical wheel displacement and compliant components in suspension systems, it is difficult to assemble qualified vehicles with proper wheel alignment parameters. In the assembly shop of the automobile factory, the adjustment of wheel alignment parameters is the most time-consuming process because it relies on trial and error. In order to provide a theoretical guidance to the precision control of wheel alignment parameters, this paper extends the theory of equilibrium equations of incremental forces (EEIF) to 3D compliant mechanisms. Constraint equations of kinematic joints are adopted to express the spatial relationships of different parts. A couple of fixed and floating joint coordinate systems (CSs) are used together to represent deviations of compliant components. The impacts of suspension part deviations on vertical wheel displacement and assembly deformations are well illustrated by such approach. Accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing with ADAMS simulation. The results show that the error rates of the 3D EEIF method are less than 5%. Furthermore, statistical assembly variation analysis of a Macpherson suspension is accomplished by using the proposed method and an optimized process strategy is put forward.

Profiling microbial community structures and functions in bioremediation strategies for treating 1,4-dioxane-contaminated groundwater

Microbial community compositions and functional profiles were analyzed in microcosms established using aquifer materials from a former automobile factory site, where 1,4-dioxane was identified as the primary contaminant of concern. Propane or oxygen biostimulation resulted in limited 1,4-dioxane degradation, which was markedly enhanced with the addition of nutrients, resulting in abundant Mycobacterium and Methyloversatilis taxa and high expressions of propane monooxygenase gene, prmA. In bioaugmented treatments, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 or Rhodococcus ruber ENV425 strains dominated immediately after augmentation and degraded 1,4-dioxane rapidly which was consistent with increased representation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism-related functions. Although the bioaugmented microbes decreased due to insufficient growth substrates and microbial competition, they did continue to degrade 1,4-dioxane, presumably by indigenous propanotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, inducing similar community structures across bioaugmentation conditions. In various treatments, functional redundancy acted as buffer capacity to ensure a stable microbiome, drove the restoration of the structure and microbial functions to original levels, and induced the decoupling between basic metabolic functions and taxonomy. The results of this study provided valuable information for design and decision-making for ex-situ bioreactors and in-situ bioremediation applications. A metagenomics-based understanding of the treatment process will enable efficient and accurate adjustments when encountering unexpected issues in bioremediation.

The feasibility of using a combined heat and power system in a car factory with different consumption and investment scenarios

ABSTRACT Decreasing energy consumption, greenhouse gases, and fuel cost motivate researchers toward using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. Of course, finding suitable scenarios for consumption, sales, and investment is very important in using the CHP system. In some countries like Iran due to the non-consideration of the environmental taxes and low fuel prices implementing the CHP projects is still a challenge. Although the economic and technical benefits of CHP projects are truly registered, the methods of financing are still a dilemma. In the present study, the feasibility of using the gas engine to generate electricity and recovering the exhaust waste heat to supply the required heat of a car-manufacturing plant in northeastern Iran was investigated. The different numbers of gas engines to supply heat and electricity were analyzed. Based on the results, the use of three gas engines supplied more than 75% of the annual required heat of the car factory. Also, two different investment scenarios for attracting investors were proposed. These scenarios improved the conditions to attract the investors via displaying the financing landscapes of the project and providing its detailed information. Considering the results, when the car factory is the investor, the strategy of electricity sales to the grid and exhaust heat consumption in the car factory is the most cost-effective selection.

Accurate Traceability of Key Auto Parts in China Automobile Factory

Based on barcode specification and quality error prevention, the manufacturing plant controls traceability information of logistics distribution, automobile assembly and quality inspection, and realizes accurate traceability of key parts of the vehicle. This thesis discusses how to realize the KPC of key parts and the quality traceability of production and assembly process when quality defects occur in a company.

Construction and Application of Big Data System in Automobile Intelligent Factory

Under the background of intelligent manufacturing, the application of industrial big data is the key to improve the utilization efficiency of manufacturing resources. Starting from the purpose of big data application and how to replace the efficiency of enterprise resource utilization, aiming at the construction of intelligent and transparent big data system in automobile factory, this paper combed the concept of big data system construction, discussed the construction ideas of big data system, constructed the big data system framework suitable for discrete manufacturing enterprises, and gave the methods of data acquisition, transmission, storage, processing and Analysis of the specific program. For big data applications, taking the enterprise intelligent operation cockpit, intelligent electronic process system and enterprise epidemic prevention and health cloud system as examples, the scene and application effect of big data application are demonstrated. The construction and application of big data system in intelligent and transparent automobile factory provides a reference model for further promoting intelligent manufacturing driven by big data.

The Consolidation of a Practice: The Case of Packard Motor Car Factory in Detroit

The Consolidation of a Practice: The Case of Packard Motor Car Factory in Detroit

A Lightweight Appearance Quality Assessment System Based on Parallel Deep Learning for Painted Car Body

The appearance quality assessment based on defect inspection for painted car-body surfaces is an essential work to monitor and analyze the level of paint appearance quality. In the industrial application, there are some challenges, such as the huge and stereo skeleton of car bodies, a variety of irregular local surface areas, low visibility of defects due to tiny real size, and specular car-body surface. To overcome these problems, a lightweight online appearance quality assessment system (OAQAS) based on parallel deep learning is proposed, it includes two parts: 1) a vision inspection subsystem with distributed multi-camera image acquisition module and 2) an appearance quality evaluation subsystem (AQES) based on parallel TinyDefectRNet for evaluating the proposed painted surface grinding difficulty criteria. TinyDefectRNet is able to inspect relatively accurate defect size, although it is trained on a coarsely annotated data set. The OAQAS is implemented in an actual painting production line of a car factory, and the application results show that our OAQAS is far superior to the manual inspection in evaluation accuracy and time consumption. Moreover, our system is lightweight so that it is easy to be plugged into existing painting production lines without rebuilding or changing the inspection room.

İş Güvencesizliğinin Görev Performansına Etkisi: Yenilikçi Davranışın Düzenleyici Rolü

Some factors, like downsizing, restructuring of the organization and e-commerce, increase job insecurity. However, the measure of task performance may change the employee's perception of job insecurity. Task performance is the employee’s contribution to the business as a result of fulfilling the work responsibility. However, the perception of job insecurity can also decrease the employee's job performance. In this context, the perception of job insecurity can lead to different results in task performance with innovative behavior. Innovative behavior is to develop a radical or incremental product or service for the solution of a common problem that can meet consumers’ needs or expectations. Therefore, instead of being a problem, negative perceptions and situations can be solved from an innovative perspective and productivity can be restored. For that reason, this research aims to examine the moderator role of innovative behavior in the effect of job insecurity on task performance. To that end, an online survey was conducted with 125 participants working in a large-scale automobile factory in Kocaeli. The convenience sampling method was used in collecting research data. In the research, correlation and hierarchical regression analyzes were used. As a result of the research, it was determined that innovative behavior has a moderator role in the relationship between job insecurity and task performance. This result shows that employees gain awareness by replacing their perceptions of job insecurity with innovative behaviors and reflect this on their job performance.

MODAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS STUDIES OF THE TRANSFER LINE CARRIER CONSTRUCTION

In this study, the analysis studies carried out to assist the design stages of the part transfer line to be used in an automobile factory and the experiences gained from these analysis studies are emphasized. These experiences are very important in similar product developments in industrial design. Design and analysis studies carried out prior to manufacturing ensure that production can be carried out without any problems. For this reason, special importance should be given to the design stages in the process and alternative solutions should be created by revising the design in every aspect. Analysis studies should be carried out to select the best design among these solutions. The finite element approach, which is the approach used by today's special analysis software, was preferred in this study. Many analyses were carried out on the model whose boundary conditions were determined and the real-life behaviour of the design was foreseen. In the analysis studies, modal analyses and structural displacements were carried out in order to understand the dynamic behaviours and the stresses will not exceed certain limits. A finite element based simulation software was used in the analysis studies. Here, the importance of design experiences based on past experiences has emerged in the optimization of the design. The design steps to be presented in the paper and the analysis results obtained through the design were also very useful in the prototype manufacturing phase and the transfer line was safely demonstrated. As a result of the trials, the transfer line was delivered to the customer and still fulfils its duty safely.

Combined effect of noise and hand-transmitted vibration on noise-induced hearing loss in the automobile manufacturing industry

Objective: To investigate the combined effect of noise and hand-transmitted vibration on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods: From September 2018 to January 2019, cluster sampling was used to select 998 workers in an automobile factory as study subjects, among whom 352 workers exposed to noise alone were enrolled as noise group, 342 workers exposed to noise and hand-transmitted vibration were enrolled as combined effect group, and 304 workers without exposure to occupational hazardous factors were enrolled as control group. A questionnaire survey and pure tone audiometry were performed for all study subjects. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for NIHL (with 0.05 as the inclusion criteria and 0.10 as the exclusion criteria for independent variables) . Results: There was a significant difference in L(Aeq, 8 h) between groups (P<0.05) ; the noise group and the combined effect group had a significantly higher L(Aeq, 8 h) than the control group (P<0.05) , while there was no significant difference in L(Aeq, 8 h) between the noise group and the combined effect group (P>0.05) . The control group had a significantly lower detection rate of hearing loss than the noise group and the combined effect group (P<0.0125) , and the combined effect group had a significantly higher detection rate of hearing loss than the noise group (P<0.0125) . The ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors such as age, working years, sex, smoking, and drinking, both noise exposure and exposure to both noise and hand-transmitted vibration had an influence on workers' hearing (P<0.05) , and the workers exposed to both noise and hand-transmitted vibration had a higher risk of hearing loss than those exposed to noise alone. Conclusion: There may be a combined effect of noise and hand-transmitted vibration in the automobile manufacturing industry, which can increase the risk of NIHL in workers.

Documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev as a source on history of the company

The subject of this research is the documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (known fully as the Public Joint-Stock Company &amp;ndash; Likhachov Plant ZIL, Moscow Automobile Society AMO ZIL) as a source on history of the enterprise. The goal of this research consists &amp;nbsp;in determination of information capacity and possibilities of using documentary materials accumulated as a result of work of the primary party organizations of industrial enterprises of the Soviet period, namely with regards to the least studied aspects: social conditions, socio-psychological, and socio-cultural. The analysis of sources demonstrates that the materials of factory party organizations, particularly Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev, represent one of the most valuable groups of sources in studying the history of a single company and industrial enterprise. They feature high information capacity on the key aspects of the company, including social. It is underlined that the party documentation was used by the Soviet researchers fragmentary and at times not objectively for multiple reasons; therefore, one of the tasks for the historians lies in comprehensive reconstruction of reliable scientific history of enterprises overall, and their party organizations in particular.

Plant Golgi ultrastructure.

The plant Golgi apparatus (sensu lato: Golgi stack + Trans Golgi Network, TGN) is a highly polar and mobile key organelle lying at the junction of the secretory and endocytic pathways. Unlike its counterpart in animal cells it does not disassemble during mitosis. It modifies glycoproteins sent to it from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it recycles ER resident proteins, it sorts proteins destined for the vacuole from secretory proteins, it receives proteins internalised from the plasma membrane and either recycles them to the plasma membrane or retargets them to the vacuole for degradation. In functional terms the Golgi apparatus can be likened to a car factory, with incoming (COPII traffic) and returning (COPI traffic) railway lines at the entry gate, and a distribution centre (the TGN) at the exit gate of the assembly hall. In the assembly hall we have a conveyor belt system where the incoming car parts are initially assembled (in the cis-area) then gradually modified into different models (processing of secretory cargo) as the cars pass along the production line (cisternal maturation). After being released the trans-area, the cars (secretory cargos) are moved out of the assembly hall and passed on to the distribution centre (TGN), where the various models are placed onto different trains (cargo sorting into carrier vesicles) for transport to the car dealers. Cars with motor problems are returned to the factory for repairs (endocytosis to the TGN). This simple analogy also incorporates features of quality control at the COPII entry gate with defective parts being returned to the manufacturing center (the ER) via the COPI trains (vesicles). In recent years, numerous studies have contributed to our knowledge on Golgi function and structure in both animals, yeast and plants. This review, rather than giving a balanced account of the structure as well as of the function of the Golgi apparatus has purposely a marked slant towards plant Golgi ultrastructure integrating findings from the mammalian/animal field.

Impact of an Energy Monitoring System on the Energy Efficiency of an Automobile Factory: A Case Study

Energy-saving strategies cannot be implemented without having detailed and regular power consumption data of a facility. The installation of an energy monitoring and data logging system can help in planning energy efficiency improvement policies by providing daily, monthly, and yearly energy consumption reports and graphs. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the impact of an energy monitoring and management system on the improvement of energy efficiency in the industrial sector of developing countries. This study introduced an energy monitoring and data logging system installed in an automobile factory in Pakistan. Energy consumption data, which also included power quality data, were collected with the help of energy analyzers and transmitted to a centralized supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software for data logging and monitoring purposes. This system was developed by combining Modbus with industrial Ethernet to communicate real-time energy consumption data of the factory to multiple local and remote locations. Monitoring and logging the real-time energy consumption data helped the user to find the significant energy losses inside the factory and to implement various energy conservation policies inside the facility, resulting in energy efficiency improvement. The energy consumption results indicate that the proposed system can help achieve an approximately 8% improvement in energy efficiency.

Spatial planning problems of Naberezhnye Chelny in the post-soviet period

Introduction. The research project is focused on the identification of formation features, the analysis and projection of functional and spatial development patterns of Naberezhnye Chelny, a unique Soviet city. The city’s rapid development dates back to the 70ies of the 20th century, when it was boosted by the construction of the Kama automobile factory in 1969. The city has a linear structure, which reproduces N. Milyutin’s linear city model. The objectives of the work are to identify features of the city’s structural and functional organization, to analyze the compliance between the present-day spatial structure of the city, advanced urban development trends and the customary mode of life lead by local residents, to set key development and transformation objectives in terms of the city’s functional planning structure and spatial environment.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The methodology represents an integrated approach that encompasses the collection, systematization and analysis of literary, project-related, and cartographic materials, comparison of data obtained from different sources and historic periods to identify urban development features and trends, the analysis of urban planning and legislative documentation, the reconciliation of field observations and the historic development of industrial cities with a view to the transition to a novel technological development paradigm.&#x0D; Results. Principal findings represent urban development problems identified by the co-authors, patterns of strategic spatial transformations of the city, and an integrated urban development model designed by the co-authors.&#x0D; Conclusions. The co-authors have designed a concept model for the spatial and territorial development of Naberezhnye Chelny as the basis for the development and update of respective urban and spatial planning documents. First-stage concept implementation actions are proposed.

History of formation and development of traumatological and orthopedic patients rehabilitation in Nizhny Novgorod region

Medical rehabilitation in our country is under reformation currently and new rehabilitation system model is being created. In this regard, it is particularly important to study path of our predecessors and pioneers of this scientific direction. The article analyzes the experience of organization and establishment of industrial rehabilitation system for patients and disabled persons, created on the basis of Nizhny Novgorod research Institute of traumatology and orthopedics and medical-sanitary unit of Gorky automobile factory in the 70-s of the previous century. The article focused on both medical and socio-economic efficiency issues of the established system, which has been a school of excellence in Russian Federation for many years. Knowledge of this experience could be of great value for current specialists, because, as our compatriot A.M. Gorky said, "Without knowing the past, it is impossible to understand the true meaning of the present and the goals of the future."

Detection of Retinal Affection among Arc Welders Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Introduction: Arc welders are at high risk for developing phototoxic maculopathy, as diagnosed by using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), which describes some structural changes in the fovea of welders with maculopathy, as disruption of the inner high reflective layer corresponding to the outer neurosensory retina. Aim of work: To evaluate the use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) as a method for monitoring workers involved in arc welding for early detection of any retinal damage. Materials and methods: The study included 66 exposed workers in an automobile factory in Helwan, Cairo. A matched group of 66 control subjects were included from administrative workers in the same factory. Diabetic and hypertensive were excluded from both groups. The studied groups were subjected to full history taking including occupational history, clinical eye examination, fundus examination using ophthalmoscope, Best Corrected Visual Acuity testing (BCVA) and Optical Coherence Tomography testing. Results: All exposed workers reported using welding goggles or face shield during welding. Diminution of vision and manifestations of photo-kerato-conjunctivitis were significantly more prevalent among exposed group compared to the controls. Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) was significantly lower among the exposed group with significant negative correlation between BCVA and duration of exposure. Fundus ophthalmoscopic examination of the exposed group revealed yellowish spots of the macula and fovea. OCT findings among the exposed workers included mainly macular edema, inner/outer segment disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium and macular thinning. Conclusion: OCT is useful in the diagnosis of welders’ maculopathy. Using welding goggles and face shield might not provide enough protection against welders’ maculopathy.