Automated Control Systems Research Articles

The Interference of Identical Nominal Factors in the Positions of Stopping and Starting

this study explores the interference caused by identical nominal factors in the dynamic transitions between starting and stopping positions within systems or processes. Identical nominal factors, defined as elements with the same characteristics or nominal values, often lead to overlaps or ambiguities in system behaviors, causing inefficiencies, delays, or errors in operations. By analyzing case studies and theoretical models across various disciplines—such as manufacturing systems, transportation logistics, and automated control systems—this paper identifies key patterns of interference. The findings highlight the conditions under which such factors impede smooth transitions and propose strategies to mitigate their effects. This research aims to improve the reliability and performance of systems by refining design principles and operational protocols that account for these interferences.

Математическое описание процесса автоклавной обработки изделий из ячеистого бетона как объекта с распределенными параметрами

A mathematical description of the autoclave treatment process for cellular concrete products has been developed as a non-stationary control object under conditions of parameter distribution in the form of a system of partial differential equations. The equations take into account heat and mass transfer both in the autoclave medium and in the cellular concrete masses, as well as the process of steam diffusion through the boundary layer and internal heat release during the synthesis of hydro-silicates in the structure of the autoclaved raw material in the form of tobermorite. The resulting system of equations is linked with boundary conditions according to the scheme proposed in the work. Based on the obtained system of partial differential equations, and considering the developed scheme of boundary conditions, a calculation scheme for the autoclave and its corresponding computational model in the SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation software environment have been created. Numerical experiments were conducted to assess the temperature dynamics at the center and surface of the masses, as well as in the autoclave medium. A comparison of the results of numerical modeling with known data from field experiments by determining the root mean square deviation of temperature values at the center and surface of cellular concrete masses confirmed the adequacy of the developed model under the accepted assumptions. The data obtained from numerical modeling can be used in the synthesis of automated control systems with the autoclave treatment process to determine the temperature gradient in the volume of autoclaved cellular concrete, which, in turn, will optimize production processes and improve the quality of the final product while minimizing energy consumption for its production.

Damped weighted erasable itemset mining with time sensitive dynamic environments

Erasable itemset mining discovers itemsets in product databases with benefits no greater than a designated threshold value. By considering weight constraints and the recency of products in erasable itemset mining, the practitioners can manage the plants more efficiently. However, existing studies on weighted erasable itemset mining do not regard the time-sensitivity of data arrival times. In this paper, we propose a new weighted erasable itemset mining approach considering time-sensitive dynamic environments. For industrial manufacturers with automated control systems, our method focuses on recent data and item weights to effectively filter out unprofitable itemsets. Performance tests show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art studies in runtime with on-par or minimal compromise in memory usage and that it scales capably with varying database sizes. We performed statistical analyses to demonstrate the correctness and significance of the discovered results from our proposed method. Furthermore, extended evaluations on sensitivity and resultant itemsets show how the algorithm responds to varying parameters as well as provide insights on the discovered itemsets.

Robust path-tracking control for intelligent vehicles considering human–vehicle multi-factors

Human–machine co-driving refers to a technological architecture in which human driver and automated system control vehicle sharing and cooperate to accomplish driving tasks. The architecture could solve the safety and ethical dilemmas of autonomous vehicles, which is an innovative method to improve vehicle intelligence. To realize high-precision and safe path-tracking control, this paper proposes a parallel steering sharing human–machine co-driving framework based on constraint-following controller and driving weight allocation module. First, a parallel human–machine co-driving control framework is established, which uses a two-point preview driver model and constraint-following controller to represent the human driver and automated system, respectively. Second, the underactuated characteristics of front steering vehicles are analyzed. A multiple-constraint path-tracking robust controller is designed based on constraint-following control approach, which considers the multi-source uncertainty and multiple constraints of real road conditions. Third, a multi-factor driving weight allocation module is constructed, which considers human–machine characteristics and cooperation performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by CarSim–MATLAB/Simulink joint simulation under three different case studies. This paper creatively synthesizes the vehicle uncertainty, multiple path-tracking constraints, and human–machine cooperation performance, and provides a new idea for human–machine co-driving vehicles to realize robust and safe path-tracking control.

Development of a test laboratory stand with a marine hot-water boiler

The article deals with the issues of design and construction of a laboratory stand of a ship boiler plant based on Kiturami TURBO17 boiler, located in the laboratory “Ship Boiler and Steam Generating Plants” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Astrakhan State Technical University”. The laboratory stand considered in the paper, made in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 78), was developed for scientific research and training of students. The article presents a comparative analysis of the laboratories of higher educational institutions, graduating specialists in the specialty 26.05.06 “Operation of ship power plants”. The description of the main components of the stand including its circuit diagram is given. It is noted the importance of laboratory stands, which are close to the ship’s performance, for the training of specialists. It is emphasized that this laboratory installation allows to conduct laboratory and practical classes aimed at providing students with theoretical knowledge and practical skills. It is noted that graduates should know the basic principles of operation and design elements of ship power plants, including boiler plants and their servicing systems, as well as have theoretical knowledge of thermodynamics, hydromechanics, be able to carry out calculations in thermal cycles, heat transfer processes, heat balance. The developed laboratory test bench can be used in the study of disciplines “Ship Boiler and Steam Generating Units”, “Operation of Ship Boiler and Steam Generating Units”, “Ship Auxiliary Mechanisms, Systems and Devices”, “Automated Control Systems of Ship Power Plants”, as well as for scientific research. The project on creation of the laboratory stand can be implemented for training of specialists in other specialized universities of the country.

The Application Potential of Microelectronic Processing and Integrated Circuit in Mechanical Design

The rapid development of microelectronic processing has not only fostered its interdisciplinary fusion with mechanical design. With the introduction of microelectronic processing, the precise control capabilities of mechanical systems have been significantly bolstered, and the energy consumption of machinery and equipment was also optimized, which has led to an increasingly high degree of automation, allowing for the execution of complex tasks and autonomous decision-making. Additionally, as both technologies continue to evolve towards smaller scales, their application scope is expanding, including Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), sensors, etc. This paper explores the application of microelectronic processing and integrated circuits in mechanical design, elucidating how advancements in microelectronics enhance the automation and intelligence of mechanical equipment. Furthermore, with the rise of nanotechnology, the paper discusses new applications of microelectronic processing in mechanical design fields such as automation control systems, sensors, and embedded systems. Meanwhile, the cost reduction and standardization of integrated circuits have boosted their popularity in a wider range of fields

Evaluation of Variable Frequency Drive System in Pumping Stations of Irrigation Networks Using INACSEM Model

ABSTRACTLimited resources for the construction of new irrigation networks and low performance of most of them have led to more attention to evaluate and improve the performance of networks. The use of automated systems to improve performance and increase flexibility in irrigation networks is expanding. Regarding the variety of equipment, algorithms and applications of various automated systems in different parts of irrigation networks, it is necessary to develop performance evaluation models that include all aspects of automation. In this research, the irrigation networks automatic control system evaluation model (INACSEM) has been prepared using the classical evaluation method to assess automated control systems in irrigation networks. In this model, evaluation includes both technical and general approach. The technical point of view includes the types of equipment, software and automated control structures and their application in different stages of operation in different parts of the network and the general approach, which includes the general aspects of evaluation, mainly the managerial, social, economic and environmental point of views. The remote‐control system [by variable frequency drive (VFD)] installed in the pumping stations of Moghan plain was examined in order to show the application of the developed model. The results of performance evaluation of the automatic system show a performance of 82% with a validity of 74% in the pumping stations of Moghan plain. The results indicate the suitability of the model for evaluating automated systems in irrigation networks. Considering all aspects of automation, it also shows the problems of its components.

Research on the Application of PID Control Algorithm and Fuzzy Control Theory in the Field of Temperature Control

In the field of industrial automation control systems, PID control algorithms are widely used in various control fields such as temperature, speed and position. Among them, fuzzy PID control can improve control accuracy and stability, can significantly improve product quality and production efficiency, in food processing, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and textile industries have a wide range of applications. Therefore, this paper comprehensively discusses the theory of fuzzy PID control algorithm and its application in the field of temperature control. The advantages of fuzzy PID control in complex industrial environments are emphasized through a comparative analysis with other temperature control methods as well as traditional linear PID control. The research indicates that by optimizing the control algorithm and hardware design, the fuzzy PID control algorithm can reduce the system overshoot and steady state error, thus improving the control accuracy and response speed. At the same time, the introduction of multivariable PID controllers or the use of advanced multivariable control strategies can achieve coordinated control of multiple variables, thereby improving the performance of the entire system. In addition, the integration of advanced energy management system and data analysis technology can comprehensively monitor and optimize the management of energy consumption, further improving the energy efficiency of the system

Revolution of Refrigeration with Smart Technology and Commercial Connected Coolers (Exploring the Future of Refrigeration)

The refrigeration industry has changed with the incorporation of smart technology and the introduction of commercial connected coolers. These are a class of advanced systems that apply IoT for improved efficiency in operation, energy consumption, and quality of products in many commercial industries such as retail, food storage, healthcare, and logistics. The features in smart connected coolers involve sensors, real-time monitoring, and automated control systems with advantages of predictive maintenance, remote monitoring, energy optimization, and data-driven decision-making. To be able to deploy those features into reality, several challenges like very high initial cost, integration complexity, and security-related issues must be met. This article will discuss the key elements comprising IoT-enabled coolers, their applications across industries, the benefits they will come with, and challenges organizations must surmount if IoT-enabled coolers are ever to reach their full potential. It also touches on future trends in refrigeration technology, focusing on innovative, sustainable, and smart solutions as key factors in commercial refrigeration. Keywords: smart refrigeration, commercial connected coolers, IoT-enabled coolers, energy optimization, predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, refrigeration technology, IoT applications, smart cooling systems, commercial refrigeration, future trends, refrigeration innovation, industrial applications, and sustainability in refrigeration.

Speed Control of a Single-Phase Induction Motor Using a Fuzzy Logic Based Hysteresis Band PWM

Single-phase asynchronous motors are preferred in the industry due to their significant features such as robust construction, easy maintenance, and ability to operate in different ambient conditions. They are widely used in various types of automated control systems, cooling and ventilation appliances, and household appliances. Although the structure of the single-phase induction motors is quite simple, modeling and speed control of them are very difficult due to their nonlinear structure. Since traditional speed control methods are not sufficient in nowadays, various methods are being investigated for the speed control of these motors. One of them is to control the speed of a single-phase induction motor by changing the voltage waveform via the power electronic components. In addition to this method, fuzzy logic controller can be preferred in the systems that are difficult to analyze and it does not require a mathematical model. For this reason, in this study, a PWM controlled AC chopper circuit and fuzzy logic controller, which is one of the faster and cheaper methods, are proposed for the speed control of a single phase induction motor. Thus, better results are obtained from the fuzzy logic controller. The system is modeled by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and the results are validated.

Virtual simulators in the automated control system subsystem for training operators of metal-cutting machines

The article describes the proposed method of automated construction of virtual simulators for the subsystem of personnel training of the automated control systems of production. Its distinctive feature is the work with the customer based on the provision of functional videos from production, as well as the formalization of the design and development process in the form of structures for the process of creating software and visual modules taking into account the specifics of the development of virtual reality simulators. An ontological model has been developed for the construction of virtual simulators for training machine tool operators in the automated control systems of production, which uses the identified basic concepts and relationships between them in the subject area of work of machine tool operators. Its implementation is based on the Protege software environment. The following diagrams are proposed: functional and contextual IDEF0 of the functioning of virtual simulators for training in working on universal metal-cutting machines: milling and turning. The architecture of a virtual simulator for use in the subsystem of training personnel of automated control systems of production, as well as a structural diagram of the formation of practice-oriented skills in working on metal-cutting machines using virtual simulators are described.

Remote control of home electronic equipment using dual tone multi-frequency signals

The majority of electrical appliances rely on a switch as a fundamental mechanism for activation, deactivation or adjustment of appliances operation based on their requirement. It ensures safe and efficient flow of electricity or power to these devices. With the rapid advancement of technology, automation and wireless control systems have gained significant popularity. The current conventional automation regards remote control of appliances is based on Infra-Red transmission technology. The challenges associated with Infra-red technology includes short distance of transmission or operating range, inability to penetrate solid barriers, limited line of sight, inability to communicate to the user the current status of the appliance, and complete lack of security as any other person can use the remote to operate the device. By leveraging the capabilities of modern smartphones, this equipment aims to provide a user-friendly solution for remote management of electrical appliances, further enhancing the efficiency and comfort of modern homes. The work primarily presents the design and functionality of a device that wirelessly regulates home electrical equipment through the integration of GSM and an 8051 microcontroller. The system functions by having an authenticated signal transmitted from the user's mobile phone via the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network to a designated phone connected to the control equipment. This signal, or code, contains specific information about the operation to be executed, such as which electrical sockets need to be turned on or off. Upon receiving the Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) signal from the user's mobile phone, the receiver phone relays it to the integrated DTMF decoder. The decoder interprets the signal and converts it into a digital output signal, which is then forwarded to the 8051 microcontrollers. Based on the received digital signal, the microcontroller activates the appropriate relays connected to each electrical socket through the ULN2003 Darlington transistor array. This activation effectively controls the power supply to the targeted sockets, enabling the user to manage their electrical appliances remotely with precision and convenience. Comprehensive testing was performed on each circuit diagram module, and notable results were achieved for the overall system. The system's unique features allow end-users to conveniently control and isolate tasks using a mobile phone. By pressing specific buttons, users can easily manage various operations remotely, enhancing the system's functionality and flexibility in a range of applications.

Using frequency regulation to improve the energy efficiency of pumping units in switching circuits with a water tower

The development of the water supply system for small settlements involves the use of frequency converters and specialized control algorithms capable of maintaining the pressure level established in the network within certain limits. The implementation of one of the standard schemes involves decommissioning a water tower, which, on the one hand, allows reducing the cost of its maintenance, on the other hand, if the pump fails, the water tower provides a certain supply of water to the consumer, which increases the overall uptime. The paper considers the potential for increasing the energy efficiency of a water supply system when operating well pumps on a water tower through the use of frequency converters. The study has analyzed the operating conditions of more than 300 wells. This has made it possible to establish that most pumps have overestimated pressure values when lifting water into the tower (median excess of about 30 m). For the wells under study, optimization of the operating modes of the pumping units has revealed energy saving potential of up to 50 % by reducing excess pressure and up to 2.0 % due to a reduction in starting power at the moment of engine acceleration. An assessment of the energy saving potential based on similarity theory emphasizes that when the pump motor speed is reduced, it is important to take into account the reduction in its performance, which is a significant limitation in the design of automated control systems. The study results confirm the significant theoretical and practical potential of using frequency converters to improve the efficiency of water supply systems without the need to mothball water towers. The research provides a basis for further developments in the field of optimization and automation of water supply systems in order to achieve high energy efficiency.

Typical mathematical models used in automated systems of organizational management

The article considers typical mathematical models used in automated control systems (ACS), a type of which are automated organizational control systems (ACOC), with the aim of making optimal management decisions. In our time, it is impossible to solve the problems of managing the economy by mechanically increasing the number of the governing apparatus, because the scale of the work requires such a number of people that cannot be directed to the sphere of management. An analysis of the most common types of tasks solved by managers at all levels of management is carried out: inventory management, distribution, mass service, ordering, replacement. An example of solving the problem of inventory management at a warehouse is given. A general description of mathematical models used in deterministic tasks of organizational and economic decision-making in organizational systems is given and the conditions for their application are given.

On the fate of computing equipment production and automated control systems creation in the USSR at the turn of 1960s–1970s.

The the publication is focused on the problem associated with attempts to implement the central party and government’s decisions that implied a breakthrough in the development and implementation of computing technology, the creation of an automated control system and a nationwide automated system for accounting and processing information. The ivastigation involved declassified archival documents. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of modernization, with its theses of the interrelationship between economic development and political changes. The documents from the Apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU RGANI’s funds prove that of the options for further development of computing technology in the USSR proposed by specialists, the Soviet leadership chose the plan offered by the Ministry of Radio Industry. The plan did not ensure rapid overcoming of the USSR technological backwardness from the leading capitalist countries and turned out to be the least promising. Domestic developments were carried out less and less intensively, with no sufficient funds allocated. Soviet computing centers were filled with ES series computers, which turned out to be very expensive, cumbersome and energy consuming. The conclusion is formulated that a breakthrough in this area was not possible to ensure. The development of the USSR's own computer industry and its large-scale implementation did not trigger a new stage of the country's much-needed modernization. Technological backwardness remained increasing reasoned by miscalculations in planning and management, clearly demonstrated by OGAS project’s fate; the lack of a coordination center and proper interaction between the defense and civilian sectors; the prevalence of departmental interests, enterprises with thier weak interest in modernization, finally, the authorities ignoring leading scientists’ recommendations. The materials of the study may be of interest for developing an optimal scientifically based country's socio-economic development strategy, teaching courses in history and further researches.

Requirements for advanced cyber weapons of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

An analysis of the experience of the relevant units of the Ukrainian Defense Forces in repelling the large-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine shows that gaining an advantage in cyberspace is possible only if Ukraine has its own modern cyber weapons. The task of creating cyber weapons involves the development requirements for them. The relevance of this task is also confirmed by the growing number of cyberattacks on military facilities by the russian federation, as reflected in the reports of the Cyber Incident Response Center of the State Center for Cyber Defense of the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine in recent years. Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the existing ways of creating modern cyber weapons in the interests of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and to put forward requirements for them. In the article, results are presented of the analysis process regarding cyber weapons use and trends in their development. Classification of cyber weapons by principle is considered. Components of cyber weapons in the Armed Forces of Ukraine are proposed, based on the analysis tactics by hacker groups and information threats directed at Ukraine by the russian federation. The article specifies the objects (targets) that should be hit by the advanced cyber weapons of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account their purpose and tasks. The main objects of cyber influence include: critical infrastructure of the enemy state; combat control systems, communication and automation systems (networks) of the enemy; systems (platforms) for controlling enemy weapons and military equipment; information and media resources of the enemy; individuals (officials); groups of individuals, segments of the enemy population. The systemic and functional and non-functional requirements for advanced weapons of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are presented. The proposed research results can further serve as a basis for the development of relevant operational and tactical requirements for advanced cyber weapons of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Next-Gen Energy Solutions: A Brief Study on Boosting Distribution Efficiency with IoE Technology

Integrating Internet of Energy (IoE) technology into distribution systems is a revolutionary strategy to improve energy efficiency. This study investigates the implementation of IoE technology in order to optimize energy management, lower losses, and enhance overall system performance in the distribution system. We look at many approaches to utilizing IoE, such as automated control systems, real-time monitoring, and advanced data analytics. The difficulties of putting these technologies into practice are also explored focusing on interoperability, big data, and data privacy issues. By examining current developments and case examples, we offer valuable perspectives on how to surmount these obstacles and optimize the advantages of IoE in power system. IoE has the ability to completely transform the way energy is distributed by enabling more intelligent, responsive, and effective network performance.

Transforming Insights Into Action: The Influence Of Business Analytics On Corporate Strategy Development

The escalating urbanization and industrial activities in cities have significantly impacted air quality, posing health risks and environmental challenges that demand innovative solutions. This review systematically explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors within smart cities, focusing on their role in real-time air quality monitoring and dynamic response mechanisms. By adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we analyze recent advancements in AI-driven automated control systems, which utilize IoT sensors to continuously monitor pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). The data gathered by these sensors feed into AI algorithms that facilitate immediate, adaptive responses, such as modifying traffic light sequences to alleviate congestion and notifying nearby facilities to adjust emissions during high pollution periods. This review synthesizes findings on the effectiveness, limitations, and scalability of these systems, highlighting key challenges like sensor data accuracy, privacy considerations, and the infrastructure required for city-wide deployment. The paper concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of AI and IoT in fostering sustainable urban environments and presents recommendations for future research and policy improvements to optimize smart city air quality management.

AI-Driven Adaptive Ventilation Systems For Real-Time Pollution Control In Industrial And Urban Settings: A Systematic Review

The escalating urbanization and industrial activities in cities have significantly impacted air quality, posing health risks and environmental challenges that demand innovative solutions. This review systematically explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors within smart cities, focusing on their role in real-time air quality monitoring and dynamic response mechanisms. By adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we analyze recent advancements in AI-driven automated control systems, which utilize IoT sensors to continuously monitor pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). The data gathered by these sensors feed into AI algorithms that facilitate immediate, adaptive responses, such as modifying traffic light sequences to alleviate congestion and notifying nearby facilities to adjust emissions during high pollution periods. This review synthesizes findings on the effectiveness, limitations, and scalability of these systems, highlighting key challenges like sensor data accuracy, privacy considerations, and the infrastructure required for city-wide deployment. The paper concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of AI and IoT in fostering sustainable urban environments and presents recommendations for future research and policy improvements to optimize smart city air quality management.

The French customs authority system is an example of effective combatance against customs offenses for Ukraine

The article analyzes the structure and functioning of French customs authorities, emphasizing their role in combating offenses in the customs sphere and the possibility of adapting their experience for Ukraine. The French customs service consists of several units responsible for various aspects of customs control, from intelligence to investigations and technical support. Special attention is paid to the use of innovative technologies, such as risk analysis systems and «smart borders», which significantly increase the efficiency of customs operations. These technologies allow accurate control of goods, vehicles and passengers, which ensures prevention of customs offenses. The results show that the structure of the French customs authorities, divided into specialized directorates (intelligence, operations, investigations and technical support), significantly contributes to the prevention of fraud, illegal trade and security threats. Active use of risk analysis systems and cooperation with international organizations helps France manage cross-border risks and ensure compliance with European standards. The French model offers a valuable plan for the modernization of the customs service of Ukraine and its integration into European and world standards. On the basis of the analysis of the experience of France, conclusions were drawn regarding the possible directions of development of the Ukrainian customs service, in particular through the introduction of modern technologies, automation of processes and strengthening of international cooperation. The integration of advanced risk management methods and automated control systems will allow Ukraine to improve the transparency, security and efficiency of customs operations, reducing the number of offenses and corruption.