Automatic Transfer Research Articles

Dealing with Legal Terminology in The Translation of Business Documents

It is commonly acknowledged that one distinctive feature of legal language is the complex and unique legal vocabulary. Legal terminology is the most prominent and noticeable linguistic feature of legal language and it is one of the major sources of difficulty in translating legal documents. When we translate a term from one language into a term from another language, we should find out if the relevant concepts associated with both terms correspond. Hence, legal translation is not automatic transfer of a concept from one language into another, but it requires thorough knowledge of the two legal systems in contact as well as a comparative analysis of the text and the terms to be translated.

Characterizing the automatic radon flux transfer standard system Autoflux: laboratory calibration and field experiments

Abstract. High-quality, long-term measurements of terrestrial trace gas emissions are important for investigations of atmospheric, geophysical and biological processes to help mitigate climate change and protect the environment and the health of citizens. High-frequency terrestrial fluxes of the radioactive noble gas 222Rn, in particular, are useful for validating radon flux maps and used to evaluate the performance of regional atmospheric models, to improve greenhouse gas emission inventories (by the radon tracer method) and to determine radon priority areas for radiation protection goals. A new automatic radon flux system (Autoflux) was developed as a transfer standard (TS) to assist with establishing a traceability chain for field-based radon flux measurements. The operational characteristics and features of the system were optimized based on a literature review of existing flux measurement systems. To characterize and calibrate Autoflux, a bespoke radon exhalation bed (EB) facility was also constructed with the intended purpose of providing a constant radon exhalation under a specific set of controlled laboratory conditions. The calibrated Autoflux was then used to transfer the derived calibration to a second continuous radon flux system under laboratory conditions; both instruments were then tested in the field and compared with modeled fluxes. This paper presents (i) a literature review of state-of-the-art radon flux systems and EB facilities; (ii) the design, characterization and calibration of a reference radon EB facility; (iii) the design, characterization and calibration of the Autoflux system; (iv) the calibration of a second radon flux system (INTE_Flux) using the EB and Autoflux, with a total uncertainty of 9 % (k = 1) for an average radon flux of ∼ 1800 mBq m−2 s−1 under controlled laboratory conditions; and (v)​​​​​​​ an example application of the calibrated TS and INTE_Flux systems for in situ radon flux measurements, which are then compared with simulated radon fluxes. Calibration of the TS under different environmental conditions and at lower reference fluxes will be the subject of a separate future investigation.

Rancang Bangun Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Hybrid Daya PLN Dan PLTS Pada Sistem Hidroponik

Hydroponic system requires continuous circulation of water to grow plants. To prevent the risk of stopping the circulation of this water, another source of electrical energy is used to backup power sources if there is a blackout at PLN. So, in this research Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) system was designed in Hydroponics to maintain water circulation. In which this ATS has a contractor that two power sources that can flow and cut off electric current, which is also connected to the MK2P Relay as an inverter switch, and the MCB as a component protector. The backup power source is used by PLTS connected to the inverter, where the inverter is supplied by a battery that is charged by solar panels as a backup power source. The results of this design show that the transfer delay from PLN to PLTS for about 1,52 seconds and PLTS to PLN is 5.40 seconds. The delay is caused by TDR delay set for about 5 seconds to connected to PLN. As well as the reliability that results form this system is also balanced and can provide electric voltage u to 100% performance with experiments using different delays such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds for 10 trials which can turn on a maintain water circulation on hydroponics.

Hierarchical Document Approval System

Abstract: The goal of a Hierarchical Document Management System (HDAS) is to accept, store, coordinate, and regulate Edocuments. With the incorporation of E-documents, there is a move toward digital office operations and data transfer via approved systems. By implementing HDMS as a critical tool to handle the growing flow of data, a company may achieve an efficient, time-saving, and straightforward method of reporting, examining, and managing a document. The main advantage of the HDAS is document flow automation, which allows for the automatic transfer of files for approval. The purpose of this review is to look into and implement an E-document circulation system, while also considering the importance of HDAS in an organization. The stages of a document's lifespan are formation, storage, access, reassignment, distribution, preservation, and disposal.

504 Single Center Outcome Comparisons of Skin Disorders Versus Burns: Time to Reconsider the Automatic Transfer?

Abstract Introduction Patients with complicated wound care, rashes, desquamating skin disorders and necrotizing soft tissue infections are often transferred to burn centers due to the multi-disciplinary expertise in wound care despite the pathophysiology of burn injury being different. Our objective was to critically evaluate outcomes of patients admitted to our institution with skin disorders to patients with burn injury. Methods Patients were identified using Institutional Burn Center registry, and linked to the clinical and administrative data. All adult patients admitted between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2022 were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, length of stay (LOS), and mortality were evaluated. Bivariate logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed, and significance was accepted as p< 0.05. Results We included 9,821 patients in the study, of whom 805 (8.2%) were admitted with skin disorders. These patients were more likely to be older, Black, of female sex, have longer ICU stays, be on mechanical ventilation, and have complications, p< 0.001. Unadjusted estimates show that patients with skin disorders had 3.84 higher odds of mortality compared to patients admitted for burn injury. However, after adjusting for age, involved body surface area, sex, race, intensive care unit days, mechanical ventilation, inhalation injury, and complications using IPTW, patients with skin disorders twice higher odds of mortality. Conclusions Patients with skin disorders have increased morbidity and mortality compared to burn injured patients even when controlling for age, involved body surface area, sex, race, intensive care unit days, mechanical ventilation, inhalation injury, and complications when admitted to our burn unit. Further study is warranted to investigate and mitigate these outcome disparities in this patient population. Applicability of Research to Practice This study may demonstrate that all skin conditions are not the same, and may warrant different specialties to improve and optimize outcomes.

Sistem Switching pada Automactic Transfer Switch (ATS) menggunakan Arduino UNO

Panel is a form of alternative energy that is widely used by humans today to be managed into electrical energy. Solar panels are made of semiconductor materials, especially silicon which is coated by a special additive. When sunlight approaches the cell, the electrons will be released from the silicon atoms and flow to form an electrical circuit so that electrical energy can be generated. The results of the study, where the transfer or switching carried out by the relay was orderead by the coding of the arduino uno. At the time before the transfer of switching, the arduino uno will delay a few seconds before switching the source. Where this ATS perfomance is controlled throught a magnetic force from an oen condition to a closed condition. As abreaker and a power connector, this tool has a material in the from of connecting contact point has a large size so that it can distribute large power loads. Then the contact point has a large size so that it can distribute large electric currents, one example of a type of breaker and connector ia an AC and DC relay as an automatic regulating device. From the results of the analysis it is concluded that the Switching Automatic Transfer Switch work process can be carried out by the relay on the order of the coding from Arduino UNO automatically

Automation of Load Electricity Operating System Using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

Jakabaring PLTS on-grid with a capacity of 2 MW operates from 6:00 am to 5:00 pm. At 5:00 pm the PLTS connection to the load will be disconnected and replaced with PLN. If the PLN is off due to damage or during maintenance, a generator that is operated manually will be used. Problems in the process of combining energy sources from Solar Panels to PLN require a power target of up to 10 Kva where if the power is fulfilled then the energy source from Photovoltaic (PV) will be connected to PLN and vice versa. Errors and speed in operation can be minimized by means of automation of the system operating the power supply to the load by using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Optimization as a step to optimize the electricity supply in the PLTS area makes it the first source of power generation that is connected to the load, the second order is PLN if the PLTS has no power output or there is a problem and the third order is generators if PLN and PLTS have no power output. For this reason, a tool is needed that functions to move the power source alternately using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as an ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) process controller, where the tool will work automatically changing the power source if there is a disturbance that causes it to be unable to supply electricity to the user's load and also as a priority regulator of solar power sources as the main source of electricity to the load. When transferring loads from one source to another with 3 different power sources, it is faster and more effective to use an ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) with a PLC controller compared to Manual or COS (Change Over Switch).

Способ сокращения времени подачи резервного питания в системах электроснабжения с двигательной нагрузкой

Nowadays fast-acting automatic transfer equipment is commonly applied in power supply systems with a motor load since it ensures uninterrupted power supply of critical consumers. However, their application requires the use of high-speed breakers. The implementation of a “high-speed” transfer to a backup power source when using vacuum switches may not be possible due to the long turn-on and turn-off times. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is relevant. The aim of the paper is to study the possibility to reduce the backup power supply time by improving the algorithm to control the vacuum switches of the main and backup power sources in the modes “high-speed” switching by the fast-acting automatic device in case of short circuits in the external power supply network. To achieve this purpose, computer modeling methods are used. They are based on mathematical models of electrical network elements written using systems of differential equations. The authors have defined the regularities of the transient processes in synchronous and induction motors when switching to a backup power source by the fast-acting automatic device in case of short circuits in the external power supply network. It makes possible to set the limit value of the mismatch angle between the residual voltage vectors on the section of the main power source and the voltage of the backup power source, at which the level of the self-starting current does not exceed the values of the starting currents. Also, it makes possible to develop an algorithm to control breakers. The proposed algorithm is based on changing the operation order of the switches of the main and backup power sources. The obtained results show that implementation of the proposed algorithm to control breakers of the main and backup power sources in fast-acting automatic devices in case of short circuits in the external power supply network of the main power source makes it possible to reduce the backup power supply time and decrease the level of self-starting currents that do not exceed the level of starting currents of electric motors without use of high-speed switches.

PLTS sebagai Backup Supply pada Plant Hidroponik Nutrient Film Tehcnique (NFT) Berbasis IoT

Indonesia is geographically located on the equator, which has very strong solar radiation and high rainfall, making it suitable for farming. Hydroponics is used as a growing medium for planting without using large areas of land by utilizing water and prioritizing the nutritional needs of plants. NFT is a hydroponic method that is easy to implement and is quite effective for plants. However, this method requires a cycle that cannot be stopped, so it requires a pump that must be on all the time. Therefore, a backup supply is needed that can guarantee the availability or continuity of the supply of electricity to the load by using an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) which keeps the system running if the PLN goes out by using PLTS and can be monitored and controlled at any time using Internet of things (IoT) technology. ). From the results of trials and analysis carried out that the performance of the system when in automatic mode, that is, when the battery reaches a value of 11.3 Volts, it will switch to the PLN supply. The supply from PLTS will change to PLN's supply automatically with a predetermined time, namely from 09.00 WIB to 15.00 WIB. If PLN experiences a blackout, it will switch to the PLTS source until PLN is back on.

Automatic Diagnosis of Stage of COVID-19 Patients using an Ensemble of Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Computed Tomography Images.

Diagnosis of the stage of COVID-19 patients using the chest computed tomography (CT) can help the physician in making decisions on the length of time required for hospitalization and adequate selection of patient care. This diagnosis requires very expert radiologists who are not available everywhere and is also tedious and subjective. The aim of this study is to propose an advanced machine learning system to diagnose the stages of COVID-19 patients including normal, early, progressive, peak, and absorption stages based on lung CT images, using an automatic deep transfer learning ensemble. Different strategies of deep transfer learning were used which were based on pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Pretrained CNNs were fine-tuned on the chest CT images, and then, the extracted features were classified by a softmax layer. Finally, we built an ensemble method based on majority voting of the best deep transfer learning outputs to further improve the recognition performance. The experimental results from 689 cases indicate that the ensemble of three deep transfer learning outputs based on EfficientNetB4, InceptionResV3, and NasNetlarge has the highest results in diagnosing the stage of COVID-19 with an accuracy of 91.66%. The proposed method can be used for the classification of the stage of COVID-19 disease with good accuracy to help the physician in making decisions on patient care.

Development of AI Based Larvae Transfer Machine for Royal Jelly Production

Honeybees produce many different products beneficial to humans. One of these of is royal jelly which is the bee product with highest nutritional value but is most difficult to produce. The most time-consuming procedure in royal jelly production involves removing larvae with ideal size from the honeycomb cells and transferring them to queen cups. In order to increase the speed of the larva transfer process and perform it without labor power, a machine autonomically performing larva transfer was developed in three stages. Firstly, a CNC platform that can move on three axes above the honeycomb was created. In the second stage, a camera device was developed to image the larvae and mounted on the platform. Later larvae were photographed with this device and labelled. Tagged photos have been quadrupled by data augmentation methods. A Mobiledet+SSDLite deep learning model was trained with these photographs and this model identified larvae with ideal size with 96% success. Additionally, the central points of the honeycomb cells were identified with the Hough circles method. In the third and final stage, a device which can transfer the identified larvae from the honeycomb cells to the queen cups was developed and mounted on the platform. Later general software controlling the platform and devices was developed. At the end of this study, for the first time in the literature, an artificial intelligence-supported machine was developed for automatic transfer of ideal larvae from natural honeycombs for royal jelly production.

Design and Development of a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) with Open Source Tools for the Processing of Data Monitored in a Set of Photovoltaic (PV) Plants

The objective of this work has been to implement an orderly, accessible, fast and space-saving storage system that allows the transfer to a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) of all the data corresponding to the monitoring of a set of photovoltaic (PV) systems whose behaviour is to be analysed. The RDBMS consists of a series of linked databases, enabling all PV system information to be stored, and it is scalable so it can be expanded depending on the number of installations to be studied. The data recorded in the plants are found in a large number of very disaggregated files, and with different measured parameters, different formats, nomenclatures, or units of measurement, so the developed system is responsible for homogenising all the information for storage. For this purpose, a procedure has been developed to carry out the automatic transfer of all the data recorded in their corresponding databases. In addition, in this work, a web application called S·lar 2 has been developed to facilitate selective access to all the data once stored in the corresponding tables. This application, which is connected to the designed databases, allows the storage and management of the information coming from the PV plants, in order to determine, among other things, the operation mode of each of the components of these facilities. Using the data already organised, it has also been possible to establish a system for comparing the production of inverters within the same plant in order to have a tool that allows the quick and visual detection of possible deviations between them and thus detect malfunctions in any of the components. The whole procedure has been carried out using free software, such as Maria DB and Python.

Conceptual Foundations of the Synthesis of Safe Train Traffic Control Systems

The article analyses the problem of synthesis of the systems of safe control of critical technological processes on the example of railway automation and remote control systems.It is shown that modern control systems for complex distributed systems, such as a railway transport system, are not implemented with absolute safety. The safety of such systems is limited by considering only their own failures, external failures of control systems and their components, as well as failures of infrastructure objects that directly interact with control devices. Other infrastructure facilities are not considered in any way during automatic control and data transfer to on-board automation.The objective of the article is to present theoretical concept of the synthesis of safe train traffic control systems, considering the capacity of equipping infrastructure facilities with highly reliable and safe means of technical diagnostics and monitoring.A shown simplified structure of the central train traffic control centre considers the results of diagnosing and monitoring all the components of the transportation process.The conditions for the synthesis of completely safe train traffic control systems are formulated along with the accompanying tasks. A comprehensive accounting of the parameters of railway infrastructure facilities and rolling stock will allow reaching a qualitatively higher level of train traffic safety.

Rancang Bangun Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) - Automatic Main Failure (AMF) Untuk Otomatisasi Genset Berbasis Mikrokontroller Menggunakan Metode Fault Tolerance

Often electronic equipment is damaged due to a sudden power outage. This often happens due to uncertain natural conditions, forcing PLN to carry out maintenance on its electricity distribution equipment. In addition, many electrical equipment can be damaged by sudden power outages. To be able to overcome this, people usually use generator to overcome supply failures manually. Based on this background, the author created an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) – Automatic Main Faillure (AMF) based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller which is applied to generators when there is a power outage. The ATS – AMF device is made using Relays, PZEM004T Voltage Sensors, magnetic contactors, Miniature Circuit Breakers, stepdown circuits, LCD TFT and STM32F103C8T6 as control systems. This system uses the Fault Tolerance method so that the system can continue to run even if there is damage to the main battery by adding a backup battery as a backup. The results of this study, the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) circuit found that the average time needed for the generator to start is 2.5 seconds and the time needed for the generator to produce a stable voltage is 5.7 seconds, thus this time is used as the author's reference in determining the right time to switch the load on the microcontroller so that the load is not damaged due to unstable generator voltage. Whereas in the Automatic Main Failure (AMF) it was found that the Stepdown circuit used to detect whether or not PLN electricity was very responsive because the stepdown circuit was installed in parallel at the PLN source and can be proven by the results in the Arduino application.

Energy Monitoring and Control of Automatic Transfer Switch between Grid and Solar Panel for Home System

In this digital age, most aspects of life require an electric supply. The availability of electrical power is very critical to maintaining the continuity of the system in various applications. To maintain system continuity, the Energy Monitoring and Control of an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) between the Grid and Solar Panel is proposed. The system consists of an Automatic Transfer Switch, Home Solar Power Plant, and Automatic Charging. The function of the monitoring system is to monitor the voltage, current, and power across the device, the operation mode of the ATS, and the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery. The control system is to control the operation mode of ATS according to the energy source selected by the user on the Internet of Things (IoT) interface. The results show that the system can successfully monitor solar panel conditions, AC output, and battery's State of Charge through Blynk IoT. The ATS works automatically with a switching delay of 20ms to 26ms, while on the user's command, the average switching delay is 303.33ms to activate the relay and 185ms to deactivate the relay.

Effective approaches to remote asset monitoring with acoustic emission

This paper presents the effectiveness of remote asset monitoring using acoustic emission. We will discuss different aspects of implementing an effective remote asset monitoring operation, such as considerations for the deployment of instrumentation in the field, instrumentation, communications, benefits of automatic data transfer from the monitoring system to a secure server, continuous automatic verification of hardware integrity, and automatic notification of potential damage or conditions affecting the asset integrity occurring. We will provide an in-depth view of the cloud monitoring implementation processes, and the use of machine learning and other data analytics techniques to identify abnormal acoustic emission data patterns. The application of these tools to specific case studies in electric power transformers, power steam generators and civil infrastructure assets will be presented. Finally, we will illustrate how these capabilities help to provide timely, actionable information to the asset owner.

S-21-1: IMPLEMENTING HEARTS HYPERTENSION CONTROL PROJECT IN CHINA

Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, due to its high prevalence and severe complications (stroke, heart attack, etc). Control of hypertension could prevent most unnecessary outcomes. However, detecting hundreds of millions of hypertensive patients globally and controlling BP to target for the rest of their lives could be a huge burden to all health care systems. The HEARTS technical package developed by WHO provides tools for governments and professional organizations to support primary care services (PCS) to apply evidence-based strategies to control and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The HEARTS China hypertension control project was initiated in 2017. It is owned by governments, technically supported by a hypertension specialist committee and managed by the secretariat. The standard protocol with screening for all adult visitors, and stepwise treatment with calcium channel blockers + ARB + thiazide-like diuretic was selected by the advisory committee. The supply of selected medications was supported by governments. The HEARTS monitoring system, with ID card-driven automatic BP measurement and data transfer to the doctors web page (no data entry), records screening, registration and prescriptions during daily practice. The information helps physicians with decision making in diagnosis and treatment and provides regular quality and progress reports to PSCs and health authorities. Up to December 2021, a cumulative total of 894 PSCs participated in the project. They screened more than 620,000 adults, registered over 268,000 and treated 190,000 hypertensive patients. A total of 86,523 patients achieved the goal of BP control at their last visit. The awareness, treatment and control rates improved continuously in the project-involved areas. Consequently, the episodes of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease among all-cause hospitalizations reduced by 13%. It reduced more in the service areas that screened and treated more hypertensive patients, than in those that screened and treated fewer patients (-15% vs -6%). However, the data recorded in the monitoring system indicated serious clinical inertia in the implementation of the HEARTS protocol: screening does not yet involve all visitors; nearly 30% of diagnosed patients were untreated, 70% of treated patients were not regularly followed-up; only 19% of patients with BP> = 160/100 initiated treatment with combined medications; 64% of revisited patients with uncontrolled BP failed to intensify treatment. More training courses and incentive mechanisms may help PSCs to improve the quality of care. Implementing HEARTS has improved quality and coverage for hypertension control. Overcoming clinical inertia should be able to accelerate this progress.

Blockchain and NFTs-Based Trades of Second-Hand Vehicles

Recently, the automotive industry has been characterized by disruptive innovations, like self-driving cars or hybrid/electric engines. Despite this fact, some operations, such as the trade of second-hand vehicles, still continue to be carried out in the “traditional” way, in which the buyer has to trust the seller about the state of the vehicle. Several studies highlighted that odometer fraud alone could cost around 8.9 billion euros per year. In order to overcome these limitations, which are related to information asymmetries between buyers and sellers, in this work we propose to exploit blockchain technology to store a previous vehicle’s history in a transparent way. To further explore blockchain advantages, we also present how a decentralized second-hand vehicle market– enabling also automatic transfers of ownership upon monetary transfers– can be built, leveraging on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). We propose an architecture and a practical implementation of a Decentralized Application (Dapp) and discuss the security of the proposed system, its costs, and future developments.

Descriptive IoT Based Design and Implementation of a 3-Input Automatic Transfer Switch with Data Logging Features

Descriptive IoT Based Design and Implementation of a 3-Input Automatic Transfer Switch with Data Logging Features

Optimal Scheduling of Battery Energy Storage Systems Using a Reinforcement Learning-based Approach

This article proposes a novel energy management algorithm that controls the battery energy storage system (BESS) and on-grid supply. It employs the deep-Q-network agent with prioritized experience replay, and its efficacy is validated and verified by comparison to a benchmark method for mixed integer linear programming. The grid and energy storage systems are governed by switching operations initiated by BESS controllers via the automatic transfer switch. The primary objective is to accomplish optimal scheduling of batteries one day in advance to reduce electricity costs while maintaining battery health and primary power supply reliability. The methods proposed in this work provide practicable grid and battery operation patterns that test all conceivable planning scenarios for energy storage operation. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed BESS operation scheduling methods.