Automatic Transfer Research Articles

GVVST: Image-Driven Style Extraction From Graph Visualizations for Visual Style Transfer.

Incorporating automatic style extraction and transfer from existing well-designed graph visualizations can significantly alleviate the designer's workload. There are many types of graph visualizations. In this paper, our work focuses on node-link diagrams. We present a novel approach to streamline the design process of graph visualizations by automatically extracting visual styles from well-designed examples and applying them to other graphs. Our formative study identifies the key styles that designers consider when crafting visualizations, categorizing them into global and local styles. Leveraging deep learning techniques such as saliency detection models and multi-label classification models, we develop end-to-end pipelines for extracting both global and local styles. Global styles focus on aspects such as color scheme and layout, while local styles are concerned with the finer details of node and edge representations. Through a user study and evaluation experiment, we demonstrate the efficacy and time-saving benefits of our method, highlighting its potential to enhance the graph visualization design process.

Characterization of Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Atrial Fibrillation Patterns: Rationale and Design of an Investigator-Initiated Observational Study

New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased rates of adverse events (including mortality and stroke). Its incidence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is considered to be approximately 30 % and it is thought to be a transient condition. However, studies investigating POAF after CABG fail to provide appropriate data on incidence and arrhythmia patterns due to the use of intermittent rhythm detection strategies. These methods have a low sensitivity as compared to continuous monitoring. Subsequently, studies utilizing these techniques most likely do not identify all patients with arrhythmia and do not adequately demonstrate the long-term incidence of arrhythmia, which in turn may affect its association with adverse events. The CABG-AF study (German Clinical Trials Register Nr.: DRKS00018887) tests the hypothesis that the incidence of AF in the first 12 months after CABG is significantly underestimated. CABG-AF is an investigator-initiated multicenter, prospective, observational study in which 196 patients with no history of arrhythmia undergoing first-time CABG, receive an insertable cardiac monitor for continuous postoperative rhythm monitoring. The primary endpoint of the study is any episode of AF within the first 12 months after surgery. Secondary endpoints include AF burden, AF density and the ratio of silent to symptomatic AF episodes. Endpoints will be investigated by automatic and patient-initiated data transfers from the implanted device, by telephone interview of patients and by follow-up forms sent to patients by mail. The patients will be followed for a planned follow-up of 3 years. In conclusion, the CABG-AF study will provide information on the true incidence of AF after CABG as well as on the temporal patterns of the arrhythmia.

Implementation of Solar PV Protection System in Indonesia: A Review

Conventional energy sources will run out if used continuously and damage the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other energy sources that are safe, environmentally friendly, and inexhaustible known as renewable energy sources to meet energy needs in Indonesia. This article presents a review that discusses the protection of solar panels and PLTS. Solar panels are vulnerable to lightning strikes and other electrical disturbances, so an effective protection system is needed. This study uses a qualitative method through a literature study, reviewing various protection methods such as conventional and electrostatic lightning rods, good grounding systems, and overcurrent detection devices such as Solar Charge Controller (SCC) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In addition, battery protection with Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnected (LVD) is also discussed. Using Arduino Uno, ESP 32, and PLC, automation approaches offer real-time monitoring and control solutions for solar power plant performance. Innovations in the lightning protection zone concept and minimal quantity measurement schemes enable more cost-effective design of protection systems without reducing the level of protection. The results show that these various protection methods can provide effective and efficient protection for solar power plants, enabling optimization of system function and safety. In conclusion, the protection systems reviewed in this study offer a sustainable solution to Indonesia's energy challenges by utilizing the maximum potential of solar energy. The potential for further research is presented in this article to develop more efficient and effective protection methods.

Solar Power Plant Optimization using Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

The automatic system model uses a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to turn off the solar panel system at the minimum battery point so that the battery is safe and durable and an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to automatically transfer the electricity network from State Electricity Company or Grid or solar panels. In this study, Solar Panel Priority Grid electricity is used if the solar panel is insufficient and hybrid system with solar panel priority with 2 cut out battery usage. The results of this study are 450WP Solar Panel, 100A SCC MPPT, 12V/100Ah Battery, and 3000 Watt Modified Sine Wave Inverter, Miniature Circuit Breaker, Contactor, Relay Switch, Time Delay Relay and Indicators. The results of the switching process test between the Solar Power Plant source and grid with ATS control can run automatically in Grid Priority Mode, meaning Solar Power Plant as a backup, or Solar Power Plant Priority Mode where the grid source is used as a power backup system. In the Battery Capacity Optimization System, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Protection can work well, namely it can cut off the voltage from the inverter if the battery is in a low voltage state at a rating below 10.8 Volts, Auto Cut Charging Protection testing can charge the battery up to 13.8 Volts and Cycle Use, namely the process of this system can work to store energy while releasing energy to run the load. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the best choice of the most efficient Solar Power Plant system.

Evaluation of operational reliability in an electrical distribution feeder

This work analyzes the options for repowering, reconfiguration, and automatic load transfer that a feeder can have. The study was carried out from the head of a distribution substation using the CYMDIST application, through which the failure rate, repair time, and availability and unavailability indices were determined. Using the "Reliability Analysis" module of the CYMDIST software, consumer-oriented reliability indices are obtained, allowing a reconfiguration and the optimal path to be identified in a reasonable analysis time. The main results show that the repair time should be shorter than the maneuvering time for reconnection. It was also possible to define the conditions for ensuring proper operation before and after the fault, the location of the automatic reconnection equipment, and the communication system used.

Peculiarities of the alienation of the real estate object located on one’s own land plot

The article is devoted to the study of issues of legal regulation of relations related to the transfer of ownership of a plot of land in the event of acquisition of ownership of a real estate object located on it. It was established that the implementation of the principle of a single legal share of the land plot and the real estate object on it is carried out in accordance with the requirements of land and civil legislation. The need to determine the quality of priority land legal norms was noted. It was found that the legislative innovations contributed to the unification of the regulatory and legal regulation of the implementation and practical implementation of the automatic transfer of the right to a land plot when the right to a residential building, other building or structure on it is transferred. The mechanism of simultaneous transfer from the expropriator (previous owner) to the acquirer of the real estate object of ownership of the land plot on which such an object is located is analyzed. The grounds and conditions under which such a transition is possible have been clarified. In addition, the issue of legislative regulation of real estate objects, with the acquisition of ownership of which provides for the automatic transfer of ownership to the land plot on which they are located, is also disclosed. Approaches regarding the need to improve norms due to their uncertainty (contradiction) were supported. The special requirements for the contract providing for the transfer of ownership of the real estate object located on the land owned by the alienator were analyzed, the subject and essential terms of the contract were clarified, and the feasibility of improving the legal requirements on the specified issues was noted. Taking into account the analysis of the formed judicial practice, the relevant issues of the consideration of disputes related to the provision of the principle of a single legal destiny of the real estate object and the land plot on it were analyzed, the problems of independent construction, acquisition of ownership rights to it were considered. Attention is focused on the issues of further improvement of land legal norms in order to ensure the effective functioning of the procedure for transferring the right to a land plot in the event of acquiring the right to a real estate object located on it.

English Reading Skills and their Influence on German Reading Proficiency: A Case Study of Moroccan Middle School Students

This study investigated the relationship between English and German reading comprehension among Moroccan middle school students. The primary objective was to examine whether proficiency in one language influenced performance in the other. A correlational design was employed, with data collected from 92 students at Ibn Rochd Middle School in Sidi Kacem. Participants completed standardized reading tests in both languages, assessing a range of comprehension skills. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between the two variables. Results indicated a lack of significant correlation between English and German reading scores, suggesting that shared alphabetic features do not necessarily translate into direct transferability of reading skills. These findings challenge the notion of automatic language transfer and emphasize the complex nature of bilingual reading development. The study highlights the need for further research to investigate factors influencing language transfer in the Moroccan context, such as instructional practices, curriculum design, and individual differences. Implications for teachers, syllabus designers, and educational stakeholders are discussed.

Glioblastoma phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, comparison of MRI and PET/CT parameters with tumor molecular genetic characteristics

Glioblastoma (GB) is an extremely heterogeneous tumor, which is caused by genomic instability, high growth rate, and neovascularization. Molecular and genetic characteristics of GB play a major role in the prognosis of the disease, which is reflected in the new WHO classification of CNS tumors from 2021. Purpose of this research is comparison MRI parameters (ADC CBF), metabolic activity on 11C-MET PET/СT with glioblastoma genetic profile. 40 patients (age 55±12 years, sex M/F = 31/9) with newly diagnosed GB were examined by MRI with assessment of diffusion parameters (ADCmin) and ASL perfusion (CBFmax) and 11С-МЕТ PET/CT with the calculation of tumor to normal index (METmax). Since these VOI (1cm3) did not always coincide, it was decided to measure all parameters in each VOI on all image maps (PMOD automatic contour transfer). A total of 9 measurements were obtained for each patient: METmax, METcbf, METadc; ADCmin, ADCmet, ADCcbf; CBFmax, CBFmet, CBFadc. Comparative and correlation analysis was carried out both in the total GB group and separately in the groups MGMT+/and EGFR+/and different Ki67 levels (cut-off 20%). In results 45% of patients had CBFmax, ADCmin and METmax mismatch. Significant correlations were found in the METmax VOI between METmaxADCmet (Rs = -0.37) and METcbfADCcbf (Rs = -0.05). CBFmax and CBFmet correlated with Ki67 (Rs = 0.38 and Rs = 0.48, respectively) and increased in Ki67 20% GB group. GB genetic subgroup analysis showed: MGMT+ had significantly higher ADCmin1.01 (10-3 mm2/sec), Se = 78%, Sp = 74%, AUC = 0.77, it means that cells were more tightly packed. In METmax VOI, METmax was negatively correlated with ADCmet (Rs = -0.72) and CBFmet was positively correlated with Ki-67 (Rs = 0.89); EGFR+ tumors had significantly higher METmax 3.29 (Se = 88%, Sp = 70%, AUC = 0.82), that was negatively correlated with ADCmet (Rs = -0.85). In case when Ki67 20% GB demonstrated significantly higher CBFmax 108.177ml/100/min (Se = 70%, Sp = 94%, AUC 0.75) and a strong negative correlation between METmax and ADCmet, (Rs = -0,65) in METmax VOI. Our study shown that CBFmax, ADCmin and METmax localization coincide in 45% of cases, which proves the presence of variety in the structure and functional activity of different areas of GB. The correlation of MGMT methylation and ADC (ADCmin 1.01 (10-3 mm2/sec), Se = 78%, Sp = 74%, AUC = 0.77) confirms the recent studies results of this tumor subtype lower needs of the new membranes construction, that’s due to the inhibition of the mechanism of the DNA repair system. EGFR amplification presence in our patient sample was associated with a significant higher MET metabolism (МЕTmax 3.29, Se = 88%, Sp = 70%, AUC = 0.82) and correlated with height level of Ki67 (Rs = -0.85), confirming the fact of GB cells amino acids increased consumption for membrane synthesis. The obtained correlations MET with ADC and the absence of those with CBF, confirms the dependence glioma methionine metabolism of the new cell membranes building, rather than on neovascularization. Revealed mismatch of MRI and PET/CT parameters confirmed GB structure heterogeneity phenomenon, as well as their significant differences in various genetic status GB subgroups.

TransKinect: a computer vision and machine learning clinical decision support system for automatic independent wheelchair transfer technique assessment

Background Physical and occupational therapists provide routine care for manual wheelchair users and are responsible for training and assessing the quality of transfers. These transfers can produce large loads on the upper extremity joints if improper sitting-pivot-technique is used. Methods to assess quality of transfers include the Transfer Assessment Instrument, a clinically validated tool derived from quantitative biomechanical features; however, adoption of this tool is low due to the complex usage requirements and speed of typical transfers. Objective The objective of this study is to develop and validate a computer vison and machine learning solution to better implement the Transfer Assessment Instrument in clinical settings. Methods The prototype system, TransKinect, consists of an infrared depth sensor and a custom software application; usability testing was carried out with fifteen therapists who performed two transfer assessments with the TransKinect. Proficiency in using features, usability, acceptability and satisfaction were analysed with validated surveys and themes were extracted from the qualitative feedback. Results The therapists were able to successfully complete the transfer quality assessments with 86.7 ± 5.4% proficiency. Total scores for System Usability Scale (77.6 ± 14.7%) and Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (83.5 ± 8.7%) indicated that the system was usable and satisfactory. Qualitative feedback indicated that TransKinect was user-friendly, easy to learn, and had high potential. Discussion The results support TransKinect as a potential clinical decision support system for therapists for the comprehensive assessment of independent transfer technique. Future research is needed to investigate the utility and acceptance of TransKinect in real clinical environments. Implications for Rehabilitation Machine learning and computer vision can be used to analyze transfer technique TransKinect is a usable and user-friendly means for therapists to automate analysis Summary reports and videos of transfers show high potential for clinical use Adoption of TransKinect can increase quality of care for manual wheelchair users

Integrated Design Optimization Process for Building Projects

In this study, a cost-design optimization is conducted for a reinforced concrete structure with irregular voids and inclined axes, which is a real-world application. Data transfers are performed on a 3D model to achieve the optimization. Data exchange is managed automatically by the created software program. As an application example, a hospital building with 10 beds is considered. Optimum design and minimum cost values are obtained for optimization processes using the Rao algorithms. The construction cost values are compared both among algorithms and with actual cost values, indicating a successful optimization process. The software program developed in this study accelerates the processes in optimization operations, thereby contributing to the realization of automatic data transfers.

Three phase microcontroller based automatic change-over selection switch

The significance of electricity in a developed country cannot be underestimated because power instability problem affects the economy growth, productivity and infrastructure development. The issues of phase failure, losses and phase imbalance earth fault are main causes that lead to unstable and erratic power supply. Most homes and office complexes where single-phase supply is needed are supplied with three phases of power supply to allow change from one phase to another when there is fluctuation or complete outage of power supply on a particular phase. This operation is normally done manually and has caused a setback in terms of time wastage, strenuous operation, susceptibility to fire outbreak, electric shock and high maintenance frequency. When voltage supply on a phase is below 220V or above 415V, this system automatically disconnects the load from the phase and connects to another where the required condition is met. Therefore, this paper presents a Microcontroller Based Automatic Transfer Switching System which is made up of voltage sensing circuit, Hall Effect current sensor, relays, LEDs and LCD of PIC16F877A microcontroller. A system flow chart was developed, programmed with MikroC software and simulated using Proteus electrical software design. A 10KVA single phase generator was used as alternate power source. The load capacity of the design was determined by decoupling Maxwell’s Equations of 8KW and power loss using pointing vector equation as 0.25% of the peak load. The switch is tested to have function optimally within ±5% nominal voltage of 220 - 415V supply and produced approximately 20 seconds elapses during the entire process of power supply changeover. Hence this device is suitable for Industrial and Domestic use where 3-phase power supply is available with a stand-by power source.

Milling wear prediction using an artificial neural network model

The minimization of milling wear from prolonged contact between a tool and a workpiece is crucial in modern manufacturing, where high precision, efficiency, and productivity are required. Therefore, many researchers have developed systems for monitoring milling wear in real-time. However, while the adoption of multiple sensor signals can enhance the training effectiveness of the model, the complex setup process, data extraction, and feature analysis make it challenging to practically apply it for wear monitoring on production lines. Therefore, this study integrates various machining parameters of machine tools and a single type of sensor signal to extract features related to tool wear. These features are utilized as training data for an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The paper proposes a tool wear prediction ANN model based on automatic hyperparameter tuning and transfer learning, incorporating the architecture of Inception, DenseNet, and Layer Normalization. The network structure enhances the training efficiency for target features by expanding and reusing features from a single sensor's data. The combination of automatic hyperparameter tuning with a general optimizer optimizes the ANN architecture to achieve the best tool wear prediction model. Lastly, the proposed model is compared with other models using metrics including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determination (R2) to evaluate the model performance. In the results, the proposed model shows the best performance among all the comparing models in all three metrics. The MAE is 0.03527, RMSE is 0.05135, and the R2 is 0.9611. Compared to the common models such as Random Forest, the MAE and RMSE can be reduced by 43.2%, and 43.5% respectively, and a 9.5% R2 performance increase.

FeaST: Feature-guided Style Transfer for high-fidelity art synthesis

Text-conditioned image synthesis methods such as DALLE-2, IMAGEN, and Stable Diffusion are gaining strong attention from deep learning and art communities recently. Meanwhile, Image-to-Image (Img2Img) synthesis applications that emerged from the pioneering Neural Style Transfer (NST) approach have swiftly transitioned towards the feed-forward Automatic Style Transfer (AST) methods, due to numerous constraints inherent in the former method, including inconsistent synthesis outcomes and sluggish optimization-based synthesis process. However, NST holds significant potential yet remains relatively underexplored within this research domain. In this paper, we revisited the original NST method and uncovered its potential to attain image quality comparable to the AST synthesis methods across a diverse range of artistic styles. We propose a two-stage Feature-guided Style Transfer (FeaST) which consists (a) pre-stylization step called Sketching to address the poor initialization issue, and (b) Finetuning to guide the synthesis process based on high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) guidance channels. By addressing the issues of inconsistent synthesis and slow convergence inherent in the original method, FeaST unlocks the full capabilities of NST and significantly enhances its efficiency.

Seamless Solar-Powered Hydroponics Revolutionizes Urban Farming in Indonesia

This study explores the use of PLTS (solar power) as an alternative energy source for urban hydroponic systems. Due to PLTS's limited capacity, an automatic transfer switch (ATS) is utilized to seamlessly switch between PLTS and PLN (public electricity) based on sensor readings. The system uses an INA219 sensor to monitor PLTS voltage, a TDS sensor for water quality, and a NodeMCU microcontroller, with data displayed on an LCD and Blynk for remote monitoring. Testing showed a PLTS voltage of 12.0V, with sensor accuracies of 96% (INA219) and 98.59% (TDS). Overall, the system demonstrated reliable and optimal performance, providing a sustainable solution for urban hydroponic farming. Highlights: 1. PLTS and PLN integration ensures reliable power for urban hydroponics.2. High sensor accuracy supports precise system monitoring.3. Remote monitoring via LCD and Blynk enhances control and sustainability. Keywords: PLTS, hydroponic systems, automatic transfer switch, NodeMCU, sustainability

Identification of secondary resonances of nonlinear systems using phase-locked loop testing

One unique feature of nonlinear dynamical systems is the existence of superharmonic and subharmonic resonances in addition to primary resonances. In this study, an effective vibration testing methodology is introduced for the experimental identification of these secondary resonances. The proposed method relies on phase-locked loop control combined with adaptive filters for online Fourier decomposition. To this end, the monotonic evolution of the phase lag around secondary resonances is exploited for their identification. The method is demonstrated using two systems featuring cubic nonlinearities, namely a numerical Duffing oscillator and a physical experiment comprising a clamped–clamped thin beam. The obtained results highlight that the control scheme can accurately characterize secondary resonances as well as track their backbone curves. A particularly salient feature of the developed algorithm is that, starting from the rest position, it facilitates an automatic and smooth dynamic state transfer toward one point of a subharmonic isolated branch, hence, inducing branch switching experimentally.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Transfer Liquid Berbasis Arduino Uno Menggunakan Sensor YF-S401

This article discusses the design of a liquid transfer system using a YF-S401 flow sensor and the evaluation of various calibration factors to create a reliable system. The research methods included water flow measurement, system component selection, system design, and workflow. The research results showed that a calibration factor of 50 was the optimal choice, showing good liquid transfer precision at a scale of 100 ml. However, testing at a scale of 200 ml and 300 ml showed suboptimal performance, especially in maintaining liquid transfer precision. Further development recommended in the selection of more reliable components, the improvement of the Arduino Uno program, and the implementation of technologies such as real time operating system (RTOS) to improve the accuracy of the liquid transfer system at larger scales. Overall, this research provides important insights for the development of automatic liquid transfer systems with a focus on precision in various measurement scales. Keywords—Liquid transfer system, Flow sensor, Calibration factor, Water flow measurement, Arduino Uno

Pengaplikasian Panel Surya dan Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) untuk Menggerakkan Pompa Tanaman Hidroponik sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan

Solar panels are renewable energy which is very useful for agricultural needs to meet electricity needs, one of which is its application in agriculture, namely as a pump driver for hydroponic plants. Hydroponics is farming with an emphasis on meeting the nutritional needs of plants using water as a medium with a nutrient solution as fertilizer. In the hydroponic system the pump must be on continuously, for this reason the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) tool is used to substitute the electrical energy of the State Electricity Company (PLN) with the electrical energy of solar panels in the event of a power outage from the State Electricity Company (PLN) which aims to drain nutrient water. This research aims to apply solar panels to a hydroponic plant system and apply the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) tool as a substitute for the State Electric Company's (PLN) electrical energy and solar panels. This research was carried out on Jalan Polonia no.11 fresh water east, North Padang District, Padang City, West Sumatra in January – March 2024, with the initial stages (1) preparation, (2) solar panel assembly, (3) analysis of test results , (4) preparation of reports. The results of this research can determine the power output required by solar panels as a renewable energy source as well as the application of the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) in hydroponic plant cultivation.

Feasibility Study of Using the Integrated Telemedicine Platform “IS-cardio” for Outpatient Cardiological Rehabilitation: Single-Centered Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION. The implementation of remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) technology based on telemedicine platforms (TMP) requires a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of use. AIM. A preliminary study of the feasibility of using the integrated TMP “IS-cardio” to perform RCR in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the context of need, feasibility and acceptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Single-center cohort study of patients (n = 33; 75 % men; mean age 56 ± 8 years) with CVD. Testing of the TMP «IS-cardio» was carried out during 12-week physical training (PT) programs with an intensity of 55 %. Feasibility was assessed according to the following criteria: need, feasibility, acceptability. Data on need and acceptability were obtained from a patient survey. Feasibility was assessed as the proportion of patients completing RCR. Remote monitoring was performed using heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and mobile application recorders. Feedback was provided in the form of electronic reports and delayed consultation. Patient satisfaction was assessed in points. RESULTS. 79.2 % of respondents were interested in telemedicine monitoring. 100 % of patients completed RCR; 12 patients (39.6 %) fully completed the PT program. The patients’ activity amounted to 2.4 ± 0.7 PT sessions per week; the average duration of PT was 56.5 ± 29.8 min/week. With a total satisfaction of 29.0 ± 3 points, the level of RCR was highly rated (3.85 ± 0.16 points) as a real solution to the problem associated with the presence of CVD (3.67 ± 0.34 points). DISCUSSION. The medical-technological solution TMP “IS-cardio”, combining the principles of traditional cardiac rehabilitation with telecardiology tools (monitoring based on digital recorders, automatic data transfer and feedback) met the criteria for the feasibility of using TMP with a similar concept. CONCLUSION. The high demand for remote monitoring, feasibility, and patient satisfaction of RCR may indicate the feasibility of its use for implementation of its programs.

Control and Protection of Medium Voltage Distribution Network Based on Unified Power Flow Controller

The integration of diverse load types, such as large-scale distributed generators and charging stations, presents considerable challenges to distribution networks. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) provides multiple benefits, including its compact dimensions, cost efficiency, seamless regulation, and swift response. When deployed in distribution networks, the UPFC facilitates the creation of a Distribution Unified Power Flow Controller (DUPFC) system. The DUPFC system enhances medium voltage distribution network regulation but also affects power quality, fault characteristics, and relay protection accuracy. To address these issues, a power flow equivalent circuit model for the medium voltage distribution loop network was developed. The operating principle and steady-state model of the UPFC were investigated, based on distribution loop network parameters and power flow distribution characteristics. A UPFC control strategy was designed to create a suitable DUPFC system for the medium voltage distribution loop network, ensuring coordination between UPFC protection and the distribution system’s protection mechanisms. This system accomplishes rapid fault isolation and automatic load transfer. Finally, a simulation model based on a typical 20 kV distribution loop network structure was selected to validate the effectiveness of the UPFC control strategy and the DUPFC protection system in MATLAB/Simulink.

Design of Automatic Transfer Switch System Solar Power Plant – PLN

The utilization of solar power for generating energy is increasing in scale. The Solar Power Plant (SPP) operating system comprises On Grid, Off Grid, and Hybrid systems. To successfully execute a power supply transfer operation, it is important to do thorough study. The transfer process is automated by the utilization of voltage sensors. The voltage sensing is derived from the output of both the SPP system and the PLN (Indonesian State Electricity Company) system. This study involved conducting prime SPP (Self-Paced Reading) and prime PLN (Picture Naming) tasks. The stress analysis technique is conducted during transfer in both primes. When converting SPP to PLN and transferring from PLN to SPP, voltage measurements are conducted if the SPP is in its prime state. When the power line network (PLN) is in its optimal state, voltage measurements are conducted during the transition from PLN to the solar power plant (SPP) and vice versa. When the SPP is in its prime state, the average voltage during the transfer from SPP to PLN is at 217.8 V, as indicated by the measurement findings. The average voltage for transferring power from the power grid (PLN) to the power plant (SPP) is at 225.4 V. During the peak power load period, the average voltage transferred from the power grid (PLN) to the power plant (SPP) is at 220.18 V, whereas the average value when moving from SPP to PLN is at 220.12 V. At the prime PLN, there is a minor voltage variance due to the higher stability of the PLN voltage.