Automatic Toll Research Articles

Enhancing Roadway Efficiency with GPS Based Toll System

Abstract: The traditional systems for toll collection are plagued with various problems, including traffic buildup at toll booths, long waiting time on users, and administrative costs. This research proposes a GPS-Based Toll Collection System that would help to solve these problems by using better location-based technologies for the automatic tolling of vehicles. This system consists of a combination of a GPS receiver, a microprocessor, and a battery inside the vehicle. It can track the vehicle's course in real-time and the position where the vehicle enters or exits the toll road zone is automatically detected and the toll amount calculated per distance traveled using pre-defined rates or dynamic pricing models. The user-friendly web interface allows vehicle owners to register their vehicles, maintain a digital wallet, and view transaction histories. The deducting toll is automatic without the need for any toll booth physical interaction, efficiently accelerating the toll collection process, thereby causing less traffic congestion, more throughput, and substantial operational cost reduction in staff and manual handling. Apart from better user convenience and operational benefits, the automated, highly accurate, and transparent toll collection system assures equal opportunities for all persons entering the national highways by way of toll. This paper discusses the architecture of this system, major components, critical challenges faced during its implementation, and its potential impact on the transport sector. Comparison of the proposed GPS-based system with traditional tolling methods reveals advantages such as lower maintenance costs, improved scalability, and real-time data processing. It also examines security protocols employed to ensure data privacy and fraud prevention. Lastly, the study concludes with an account of the proposed improvements and the possibility of the wide-scale deployment of the system in furtherance of smarter and more sustainable transportation infrastructure development

Automatic toll collection system using RFID with vehicle classification using convolutional neural network

Automatic toll collection system using RFID with vehicle classification using convolutional neural network

Research on the Expansion Application of Electronic Toll Collection System

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system is an important part of modern intelligent transport system, which plays an important role in intelligent car parks and congestion charging. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system includes automatic vehicle identification system and electronic billing system. The automatic vehicle identification system includes three parts: automatic vehicle identification (AVI), automatic vehicle model identification (AVC) and inspection system (ES).The application of ETC in intelligent car parks and congestion charging also includes automatic vehicle identification system (automatic vehicle identification, automatic vehicle model identification and inspection system) and electronic billing system. In intelligent car parks, ETC technology achieves fast and accurate automatic toll payment by automatically identifying the ETC tags carried by vehicles, which greatly improves the efficiency of car parks and reduces the queuing and waiting time due to manual toll collection. In terms of congestion charging, ETC technology provides an effective means to implement congestion charge collection. By setting up ETC toll lanes in core urban areas or busy road sections, the system can automatically record the information of the vehicles passing through and carry out toll settlement, thus realising dynamic toll collection according to the degree of congestion and the frequency of vehicle use. This congestion charging strategy aims to regulate urban traffic flow through economic means, alleviate traffic congestion and promote the sustainable development of urban transport. Although China's theoretical research on congestion charging, has been relatively mature, but affected by a variety of factors, no city has yet to start the implementation of congestion charging, the lack of experience in practice. Singapore will not stop the car charging system (ETC) technology successfully applied to urban congestion charging and intelligent car parks, ETC system in intelligent car parks and congestion charging application, help to promote the development of urban transport to a more intelligent, green direction. China can learn from the successful experience of foreign countries and apply it to its own intelligent car parks and congestion charging. This paper introduces the basic principle of ETC, discusses the research progress of ETC in terms of technical characteristics, and analyses the application scenarios of ETC in intelligent car parks and congestion charging. By examining the opportunities offered by Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems in smart car parks and congestion pricing, this study aims to delve into the transformative impacts of Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems on intelligent mobility and contribute to the sustainable development of intelligent mobility.

INTEGRATED PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING: AUTOMATING TOLL COLLECTION AND HIGHWAY STREET LIGHTS

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the integration of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology for the dual purpose of automatic toll collection and highway street lighting. The project proposes a novel system architecture that leverages the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical stress from passing vehicles into electrical energy, thereby powering both toll collection mechanisms and street lights. The system incorporates RFID technology for seamless vehicle identification and toll deduction, along with an intelligent control system for efficient energy management. The paper discusses the design, implementation, advantages, challenges, and considerations of the proposed system, highlighting its potential for sustainable infrastructure development and energy efficiency.

A Review on Automatic Toll Collection System

One of the most crucial elements for any country's development is logistics, or transportation. Since India is one of the world's largest nations, road transportation plays a vital role in the country's economy. For any government, having fast road transit becomes essential, and toll plazas are essential to this. The most commonly used toll systems in India at the moment are the manual toll collection and FASTag systems. Toll plaza processing times rise as a result of their need for a toll collector or attendant. The Automatic Toll Collection System, or ATCS, is a tool used to automatically collect taxes. Here, radio frequency is used to help in identification. An RFID tag will be attached to a car. This tag is nothing more than an allocated unique identification number. The RTO, or traffic controlling body, will assign this. We shall keep all of his basic data and the amount he has paid in advance for the TOLL collection in line with this number. At the toll collection facility, the reader will be positioned strategically. His prepaid balance will be reduced by the tax amount each time the car passes the toll collection center. This essay discusses several automated toll collection systems that are intended to improve overall transportation efficiency, ease toll payment procedures, and lessen traffic congestion. The suggested method computes toll fees automatically by utilizing cutting-edge technology including mobile communication, GPS, and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).

Assessment of Its Implementation on Safety on Yamuna Expressway

With the promise of fast connectivity between Greater Noida and Agra, the Yamuna Expressway represents modern infrastructure in India. Amidst all this splendor, though, is a grave worry: security. In order to reduce hazards and improve safety standards, this article investigates the complex network of obstacles that has been encountered while implementing safety measures on the highway. Numerous accidents, including fatalities, have been a recurring problem on the Yamuna Expressway since its opening. The expressway's relatively straight and smooth construction makes it easy for drivers to speed and act irresponsibly, which is the main cause of these incidents. Drivers disregard safety protocols and speed limits with complete disregard for the consequences, which is worsened by the lack of effective enforcement of traffic regulations. The absence of necessary safety elements is one of the primary obstacles to guaranteeing safety on the Yamuna Expressway. Poor lighting, inadequate signage, and restricted emergency services are some of the initial shortcomings that have greatly impacted drivers' ability to navigate safely, especially in bad weather or at night. There have been ongoing attempts to resolve safety problems, but the results have been mixed. The expressway's safety infrastructure has been strengthened by the implementation of measures such as crash barriers, better signage, expanded CCTV surveillance, and more police patrolling. Unfortunately, problems with corruption within law enforcement agencies, a lack of staff, and limited resources make it difficult to apply these restrictions effectively. The Yamuna Expressway can only be made safer with a comprehensive plan. A culture of safety among drivers can be greatly enhanced by public awareness programs that promote responsible driving and emphasize the repercussions of reckless driving. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) integrate cutting-edge tech to improve traffic management and accident prevention via tools like speed cameras, automatic toll collecting, and real-time traffic monitoring. The Yamuna Expressway is an impressive example of India's infrastructure, yet it will remain unfulfilled until the critical problem of safety is resolved. The Yamuna Expressway has the potential to become a model of safe and efficient transportation for the millions of people who use it every day if we recognize the problems, find lasting solutions, and encourage everyone to do their part to keep everyone safe.

Paying Attention to Vehicles: A Systematic Review on Transformer-Based Vehicle Re-Identification

Vehicle re-identification (v-reID) is a crucial and challenging task in the intelligent transportation systems (ITS). While vehicle re-identification plays a role in analysing traffic behaviour, criminal investigation, or automatic toll collection, it is also a key component for the construction of smart cities. With the recent introduction of transformer models and their rapid development in computer vision, vehicle re-identification has also made significant progress in performance and development over 2021-2023. This bite-sized review is the first to summarize existing works in vehicle re-identification using pure transformer models and examine their capabilities. We introduce the various applications and challenges, different datasets, evaluation strategies and loss functions in v-reID. A comparison between existing state-of-the-art methods based on different research areas is then provided. Finally, we discuss possible future research directions and provide a checklist on how to implement a v-reID model. This checklist is useful for an interested researcher or practitioner who is starting their work in this field, and also for anyone who seeks an insight into how to implement an AI model in computer vision using v-reID.

Comparison Analysis of Service Performance Using Kruskal Wallis-Friedman Test to Minimize Waiting Time in Toll Gate System

The purpose of this study is to compare how well conventional, automatic, and OBU toll gates perform in terms of service. The author of this study employed two data collection techniques: primary data was gathered through interviews and field observations, and secondary data was obtained through a review of the literature. You choose which features and parameters are subject to change while the simulation is running. The system will be used to simulate how each algorithm performs in accordance with ideas and scenarios that have already been decided. Following the recording of the simulation findings, the verification step will be completed. On the basis of the outcomes of earlier data processing and analysis, the following conclusions are possible: In creating a toll gate model, two automatic toll booths spaced 60 meters apart from the toll gate were used as simulations to approximate the real thing. utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis-Friedman test computations to compare the performance of the toll gate service with six scenarios. The OBU-OBU scenario has the system's shortest waiting time, according to the computation findings. Conversely, the server utilities that are in use are traditional and traditional.

The Intelligent Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System based on Arduino

Abstract: The thesis proposes the development of The Intelligent Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System (IVNPRS) using the Arduino platform. The system uses image processing techniques to automatically detect and recognize vehicle number plates, and it includes a camera module, an image processing unit, and an Arduino microcontroller. The proposed system has practical applications such as security monitoring, automatic toll collection, and traffic monitoring. The thesis discusses the different components of the system, image processing techniques used, and evaluates its performance by measuring accuracy, speed, and robustness under different lighting and weather conditions. The experimental results suggest that the VNPRS has the potential to improve vehicular traffic and safety in various locations.

Ergodic secrecy capacity of backscatter communication based automatic toll collection systems

Ergodic secrecy capacity of backscatter communication based automatic toll collection systems

Automatic Toll Tax System using Arduino

The usage of Arduino for automatic toll tax collection is discussed in the study. It is used to cut down on traffic in toll plazas and save fuel. Some of the roads are under the authority of independent agencies, who charge us to use them or cover the expense of maintenance. They stop us as we enter the road to do this and demand payment. However, they will require some sort of automated gate that will stop each vehicle in turn because several vehicles will be utilising that road at once. We will build our modification of the Arduino toll tax barrier using a straightforward circuit.

An efficient automated vehicle license plate recognition system under image processing

<span lang="EN-US">An automated vehicle license plate recognition system using image processing techniques identifies vehicle numbers without human interference. This system has significant impact because of its good application in various fields like car parking, access control, speed control, automatic toll collection, border security, traffic violence detection and surveillance applications. This paper presents a methodology that is quite simple but at the same time very much efficient and this system consists of four sequential modules which are preprocessing, number plate extraction, number plate character segmentation and character recognition. Preprocessing aims to improve the image quality that is captured in various illumination conditions and stick out outstanding information that we need, which is favorable to subsequent processing including extraction, segmentation and recognition. After preprocessing various morphological operations are applied to extract the desired license plate region. Then for segmentation the bounding box method is applied that segments each letter and number present on the license plate region. Finally, template matching is applied in identifying all segmented characters present in the license plate image. The experimental results showed that the proposed system can recognize license plate characters efficiently with higher accuracy. Using MATLAB software, the proposed method attains recognition accuracy of 94.17%.</span>

Vehicle Re-Identification Based on UAV Viewpoint: Dataset and Method

High-resolution remote sensing images bring a large amount of data as well as challenges to traditional vision tasks. Vehicle re-identification (ReID), as an essential vision task that can utilize remote sensing images, has been widely used in suspect vehicle searches, cross-border vehicle tracking, traffic behavior analysis, and automatic toll collection systems. Although there have been a large number of studies on vehicle ReID, most of them are based on fixed surveillance cameras and do not take full advantage of high-resolution remote sensing images. Compared with images collected by fixed surveillance cameras, high-resolution remote sensing images based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the characteristics of rich viewpoints and a wide range of scale variations. These characteristics bring richer information to vehicle ReID tasks and have the potential to improve the performance of vehicle ReID models. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a shortage of large open-source datasets for vehicle ReID based on UAV views, which is not conducive to promoting UAV-view-based vehicle ReID research. To address this issue, we construct a large-scale vehicle ReID dataset named VRU (the abbreviation of Vehicle Re-identification based on UAV), which consists of 172,137 images of 15,085 vehicles captured by UAVs, through which each vehicle has multiple images from various viewpoints. Compared with the existing vehicle ReID datasets based on UAVs, the VRU dataset has a larger volume and is fully open-source. Since most of the existing vehicle ReID methods are designed for fixed surveillance cameras, it is difficult for these methods to adapt to UAV-based vehicle ReID images with multi-viewpoint and multi-scale characteristics. Thus, this work proposes a Global Attention and full-Scale Network (GASNet) for the vehicle ReID task based on UAV images. To verify the effectiveness of our GASNet, GASNet is compared with the baseline models on the VRU dataset. The experiment results show that GASNet can achieve 97.45% Rank-1 and 98.51% mAP, which outperforms those baselines by 3.43%/2.08% improvements in terms of Rank-1/mAP. Thus, our major contributions can be summarized as follows: (1) the provision of an open-source UAV-based vehicle ReID dataset, (2) the proposal of a state-of-art model for UAV-based vehicle ReID.

Intelligent toll collection system for moving vehicles in India

• Automatic number extraction by clicking a photo of the License plate of a moving vehicle. • Identification and matching of the bank account of vehicle owner. • Automatic toll amount debit from bank account at toll plaza. • Automatic Low balance reminder in account to the driver. • Optimize waiting time at toll plaza. • Optimization of fuel wastage and extraction of pollution at toll plaza. This paper proposes an automatic toll collection system to debit the toll of moving vehicles at a toll plaza in India. An effective approach is presented here to localize the license plate of vehicles. A database has been created and linked to test the performance of the prototype toll collection system of moving vehicles. The database includes the number of vehicles, vehicle owner's name, the unique identification number of the vehicle owners, their mobile number and balance of the linked bank account. The results show a significant reduction in the vehicle waiting time, queue length, fuel wastage, and excretion of pollution at a toll plaza. In future the system can be used for the theft control.

Automatic Toll Payments in Smart Transportation

This research has a basis. Research is how to help toll road managers in reducing congestion at toll gates. With this proposed system, it will be able to provide the best system proposals in order to provide the best service to toll road users so that they are not exposed to congestion at toll gates. The method used in this research is by using the literature review method and using a survey, so that field data can be seen if the proposed system is applied to research, with literature review, it can be seen that previous research studies so that this research can be the latest research, and can provide the best result for the toll road manager. This research raises the problem of congestion that often occurs at toll road doors. With this problem, it must be found how the best solution and can provide maximum results to all parties, both from the toll road manager and from the toll road users. This is expected to be maximal and can help all parties. The purpose of this study is how to provide a proposed system and provide the best results to reduce congestion on toll roads, with a survey conducted, 81% of the results of the survey said that the system is the best system that can be applied, and 19% said that the system had not been properly applied to the toll road gate system in Indonesia.

Analisis Klasifikasi Mobil Pada Gardu Tol Otomatis (GTO) Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

The concept of a smart city is the most important issue in the development aspect of big cities in the world. Where the city must promise a more comfortable, organized, healthy and efficient life. Smart transportation is part of a smart city that is useful for improving better urban planning. Smart transportation also applies to toll roads, such as automating toll road retribution payments. Automatic Toll Gate (GTO) in Indonesia still uses sensors. However, sensors often misclassify trailers. In addition, the use of sensors also requires additional costs in installation and maintenance. Currently, every toll gate is equipped with cameras for various purposes. By utilizing the camera for vehicle type classification, the cost of the GTO will be reduced. For this reason, utilizing a digital camera with computer vision for vehicle type classification is the solution. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is the most popular technique today in solving computer vision problems. Exploit the existing CNN by replacing the last fully connected output according to the number of vehicle classes. The test results show that mobilenet V2 is better in the classification of vehicle types, the best accuracy is Alexnet 93.81% and Mobilenet 96.19%. Computer vision by utilizing CNN is expected to replace the use of sensors so that implementation costs are cheaper.

Car number plates recognition system using Advanced Machine learning algorithm

Nowadays in Vietnam, the management of vehicles is extremely complicated. Moreover, the work of detecting and sanctioning traffic violations, anti-theft... have many difficulties. To solve the above problems, it needs automatic systems that perform the job of recognizing plates, capable of reading and understanding plates automatically. That identification system has many practical applications such as automatic vehicle weighing stations, automatic toll stations, and automatic parking lots. As other automation systems, plate recognition involves hardware and software requirements. Hardware is an image acquisition device (camera), the image will be processed by software. The identification includes two stages: plate separation and character recognition. In this paper, a method to recognize car number plates based on an advanced machine-learning algorithm has illustrated to be effective in accurate identification rate in a short time.

Automatic VLP’S Recognition For Smart Parking System

The system is designed as the authorized automatic vehicle identifier with respect to vehicle owner identification, for the security of the highly restricted areas like housing areas, defence military areas, parliament areas etc. Both of the number plate recognition and the vehicle owner recognition use the image identification technology. The image of the vehicle plate number and the vehicle owner are captured by using a camera and processed with MATLAB. The system contains an embedded section which controls the opening of the security gate and the communication purpose. The user interface provided at the entry/exit gate gives visual assistance to the driver, whether he/she is not permitted at this area or permitted. The entry of the unauthorized vehicle is restricted and the message is sent to the actual vehicle owner which is preregistered in the systems‟ database. The technology adopted in this research can be utilized not only for the security but also in other fields such as parking fee collection, automatic speed control, tracking stolen cars, automatic toll management and access control to limited areas, etc.

Analisa Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Dengan Pendekatan Laporan Keuangan Pada Koperasi Budi Luhur Di Ngaglik. Jurnal Dimensi. Jilid 9. Terbitan 1. Halaman 135-162

Face environment the business more complex nowday moment to need measurement trada method use can to company measure trade with accurate and entire. The best good method use is Balance Scorecard. The direction use Balance Scorecard measurement for company’s four prespectif. Has four methods as a means of measurement, financial, customer, internal business, and learning and growth. The results of the research reveals that the performance of PT Jasa Marga is good enough, it is indicated by the value generated from the respective scorecards of each perspective Finencial prespectiv deficiency happen on liquidity and activity. Customer prespective: customer acquisition, customer satisfaction, customer retention, customer profitability show thet increase ratios. Internal business prespective is show thet the effectiveness system innovation automatic toll gate. Prespective learning and growth is show thet the reduction level employee retention every year.

Chipless RFID Sensors for Wearable Applications: A Review

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a quickly growing innovative wireless data capturing technology for automatic identification, product tracing, security investigation, automatic toll fee, vehicle tracking, and e-Health. Wearable sensing technology and on-body structures have achieved pervasive responses due to their fabulous potential in the Internet of Things (IoT), healthcare, and smart homes. Inexpensive chipless RFID tags for on-body sensing are the upcoming research for such wearable devices. Its sensing skill offers the unified real-time monitoring of vital signs. This paper reviews various chipless passive RFID tag sensors for wearable applications. The main goal of this research work is to study the basics of chipless RFID sensors and their working principles. Further, chipped RFID sensors are very costly for mass implementation. Hence, chipless tag sensors have grown into a cost-effective and maintenance-free substitute, fulfilling the requirements of the society for the emergent technologies, where lots of these sensors can be used. Understanding the importance in emerging applications, essential materials needed for different sensors, basic circuit models for chipped and chipless sensors, and challenges with limitation of recent chipless RFID sensors are also discussed in this article.