Automatic Sprinkler Research Articles

IoT-Based Automatic Sprinkler Innovation to Support Environmental Economic Sustainability in Tourism Aisles

Environmental management in Lorong Wisata requires innovative approaches to support economic and ecological sustainability. This research aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic watering system to improve efficiency in plant management in the area. The system is designed using soil moisture sensors, microcontrollers, and an IoT platform to automate the watering process according to the needs of plants in real-time. Data collected from the sensors is integrated with web-based and mobile applications, enabling remote monitoring and control. Trial results showed that the system was able to optimise water usage by 30% compared to manual methods, while increasing plant growth by 20% in a three-month observation period. In addition, the solution supports local community participation with technical training, creating new economic opportunities through productive crop cultivation. This innovation is expected to become a sustainability model that can be replicated in other regions, integrating IoT technology in supporting resource efficiency, community empowerment, and environmental conservation. This research concludes that the application of IoT technology in community-based environmental management can accelerate the achievement of economic and ecological sustainability goals in tourist areas.

An Automated Sprinkler Cooling System Effectively Alleviates Heat Stress in Dairy Cows.

(1) Background: Heat stress detrimentally restricted economic growth in dairy production. In particular, the cooling mechanism of the spraying system effectively reduced both environmental and shell temperatures. This study was designed to investigate the underlying modulatory mechanism of an automatic cooling system in alleviating heat-stressed dairy cows. (2) Methods: A total of 1208 multiparous dairy cows was randomly allocated into six barns, three of which were equipped with automatic sprinklers (SPs), while the other three were considered the controls (CONs). Each barn was considered a replicate. (3) Results: Body temperatures and milk somatic cell counts significantly decreased, while DMI, milk yield, and milk fat content significantly increased under SP treatment. Rumen fermentability was enhanced, embodied by the increased levels of total VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate after SP treatment. The rumen microbiota results showed the relative abundances of fiber-degrading bacteria, including the Fibrobacters, Saccharofermentans, Lachnospira, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Selenomonas, and Succinivibrio, which significantly increased after receiving the SP treatment. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that SP effectively alleviated heat stress and improved production performances and milk quality through modulating the rumen microbiota composition and fermentation function of dairy cows.

Study on Improving Fire Safety in Traditional Markets

In this study, we analyzed fire-safety management regulations and problems with fire-alarm equipment in traditional markets, as failures can cause significant damage in the event of a fire. We also present improvement measures based on analyzing major fire accidents. Traditional markets must designate the type of firefighting equipment installed at a store according to the number of stores, and apply this measure retroactively when the installation regulations are revised. If the market is designated as traditional, the equipment must be designated as a fire-safety management object, and the appointment of a fire safety manager, firefighting education and training, and self-inspection must be made mandatory. Fire-alarm equipment must be inspected regularly by a fire-safety manager, and fire-proof walls must be installed with self-supporting fire-resistant structures at certain sections. When designing a new traditional market, it must be designated after facility supplementation following safety inspection. In addition, traditional markets are required to have fire-detection equipment and automatic notification systems, and building-type traditional markets must retroactively install automatic sprinkler equipment.

The Design of Solar Power Plants on Automatic Watering of Chili Plants

Solar power plants are power plants that work without utilizing fossil energy in the form of solar power as an energy source. This research designed a solar power generation system used in an automatic watering system for chili plants. This study aims to test the effectiveness of using solar energy as an energy source to run an automatic watering system in chili farms The experimental method was carried out by designing and building a solar photovoltaic system connected to a water pump for watering chili plants. The results of this study show that the amount of power produced by solar panels depends on the intensity of solar radiation that hits the surface of solar panels. The solar panel is used at 50 Wp solar charge controllers, batteries automatic chili watering control systems, and water pumps. The maximum sunlight intensity of 1009.62 W/m2 can produce voltage connected to an average load of 12.74 volts and an average current of 1.24 Ampere and the power generated reaches 20.78 watts. Capable of operating an automatic chili sprinkler.

Optimizing Plant Watering Efficiency via IoT: Fuzzy Sugeno Method with ESP8266 Microcontroller

This research explores automatic plant sprinklers utilizing fuzzy logic with the fuzzy Sugeno method to overcome optimal watering schedules. Developed with ESP8266 microcontroller hardware and Arduino IDE software, the WSN prototype focuses on spinach plants. Watering in the nursery was done twice a day for seedling growth, then reduced to once a day. Soil moisture levels were assessed using a soil analyzer, as well as temperature variations with the HTC-1 device. Python facilitates data analysis, generating fuzzy inference graphs on temperature sensors (10-40°C) and soil moisture values (1-1024 RH). This innovative approach, which integrates fuzzy logic and advanced hardware, offers a promising solution for effective plant care.

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

This report investigates the implementation and benefits of an Automatic Sprinkler System driven by the Arduino Uno microcontroller in agricultural irrigation. The primary aim is to elucidate the functionality and practicality of this automated system in enhancing water efficiency and crop productivity. Through accessible language and technical explanations, the report explores the system's design, operation, and integration with sensors for optimal performance. Emphasis is placed on the system's ability to provide precise watering, customizable scheduling, and water conservation, thereby addressing critical challenges in modern agriculture. By examining the technical aspects and real-world implications, this report underscores the transformative potential of automated irrigation systems in promoting sustainable farming practices.. Keyword: Arduino Uno, IoT, microcontroller, moisture sensor, sensors, wireless module

Optimizing water usage through an automatic garden sprinkler system: Enhancing efficiency and sustainability in gardening

This study investigates the design and operation of an automatic garden sprinkler system, focusing on the need for a dependable, self-operating watering solution that conserves water and supports night-time watering schedules. The research method included a detailed evaluation of the system's performance over 30 days, analyzing data on timing accuracy, water distribution efficiency, and user feedback. The results show that the system works accurately, starting watering cycles within minutes of the set time and efficiently distributing water evenly across the garden. The findings suggest the system can help reduce water waste, supporting global sustainability goals. Additionally, its flexibility and ease of use suggest it could be popular with gardeners and widely adopted. This research adds to the conversation on sustainable gardening and provides insights into using advanced technology in traditional gardening practices.

Preleminary Study: Need Analysis for Research and Development of Automatic Sprinkling System based on Arduino and Soil Moisture Sensor as The Instructional Aids in Soil Moisture Measurement

Instructional aids will made student easier to understanding and applying physics concepts. This study aims to obtain data and analyze the student’s needs toward to the instructional ais soil moisture measurement in physics lesson. Samples in study were student of 33 peoples, taken from class XH at SMAN 71 Jakarta with technique purposive sampling. This study resulted: physics learning motivation of student are in the medium category, with attention 87.88%, relevance 55.30%, confidence 60.61% and satisfaction 87.12%. Curriculum analysis show in class X, measurement lesson still can be developed to soil moisture measurement based on contextual learning approach. Based on style learning, 4,48% students who have visual learning style, auditory 24.24% and kinesthetic 27.27%. A total of 59.85% students experience difficulty in learning physics. As many as 79.55% of students agree that hands on method in learning can reduce difficulty in learning physics. As many as 87.12% of students agree that they need automated instrument in physics practice and only 39.39% of students has known about Arduino. The frequently used learning media in class were on audio-visual category, starting from power point slide presentation, Canva’s slides presentation, video, simulation and animation. All of those findings were supported research and development of oto-sprinkler system by using humidity sensor and Arduino Uno. Result of this study will become the base contextual in developing contextual teaching aids in form of soil moisture measurement, so that can increase the physics learning motivation in student.

Investigating the Actuation of Sidewall Sprinkler in an Atrium Using CFD Simulation

This study investigates the actuation of sidewall sprinklers in large-scale buildings with high-ceilinged atriums, addressing the challenges of unique architectural configurations. Compliance with NFPA 101 requires automatic sprinkler systems, including atrium areas, in these buildings. To maintain aesthetic considerations, design engineers, particularly in the middle east, often propose sidewall sprinklers as an alternative to traditional ceiling sprinklers. This research assesses whether the sidewall sprinklers would actuate during a fire using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). The findings indicate that sidewall sprinklers will fail to actuate if the fire is located at the centre of the atrium, even if the edge of the fire area is below the sprinklers. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of using an FDS mesh resolution (D*/dx) of 6 or finer resolution when measuring temperatures near the flame or fire plume to ensure accurate evaluations of sprinkler activation. These findings provide valuable insights for design engineers and authorities, assisting in decision-making processes related to fire safety measures, system designs, and regulatory compliance.

Reasons of sprinkler freezing and rotational irrigation for frost protection in tea plantations

AbstractSprinkler irrigation can effectively reduce the rate of frostbite on cash crop buds and young fruits. In this study, we propose applying the rotational irrigation method in frost protection to achieve water conservation, simplify the sprinkler system and expand the frost protection area. The freezing test of various sprinklers in a frosty environment (approximately −4.0°C) was conducted to determine the maximum duration of sprinkling cessation for the microsprinkler, butterfly‐shaped sprinkler, impact sprinkler and MegaNet sprinkler. The results indicate that the butterfly‐shaped sprinkler and impact sprinkler freeze after 4 and 3 min, respectively. In contrast, the microsprinkler and MegaNet sprinkler do not freeze even after 10.0 min. The temperature increase amplitude and rate of the microsprinkler are significantly greater. At an ambient temperature of −4.0°C, three areas were irrigated with microsprinklers. Each sprinkler had a rotation interval of 3.0 min of spraying followed by 6.0 min of stopping. This ensured that the canopy temperature was maintained at approximately −1.0°C. The water consumption was only one‐third of that used in continuous sprinkler irrigation. This sprinkler irrigation method for frost protection is more water efficient than traditional continuous sprinkler irrigation and easier to operate and maintain than existing automatic sprinkler irrigation methods.

A study on fire risk and its mitigation in gravure printing press

The gravure printing process is widely utilized for large-scale, high-quality, multi-colored printing tasks executed at high press speeds. This includes a diverse range of products such as art books, greeting cards, currency, stamps, wallpaper, magazines, and more. This thesis addresses the fire risks associated with gravure printing, acknowledging the use of highly flammable materials and the potential for static charge-related incidents. Despite its prevalence, there is limited research on fire prevention and control in gravure printing. The study employs field observations, stakeholder interviews, and an extensive review of literature on fire risk and control in printing press operations in India. It analyzes the causes of fires using the fire triangle model, emphasizing the role of heat, combustible materials, and oxygen in fire incidents within the printing press environment. The thesis categorizes preventive measures into fire prevention and fire suppression actions, focusing on reducing fire load, static charge mitigation, and implementing firefighting systems. It observes that poor housekeeping, lack of awareness, and inadequate emergency control plans contribute significantly to fire hazards in press facilities. Additionally, the research identifies key factors such as high press temperatures, low humidity, improper storage, and inadequacies in firefighting systems as potential causes of fires. It emphasizes the need for optimal environmental conditions, proper storage practices, and effective firefighting infrastructure within press facilities. The study concludes with comprehensive guidelines for loss prevention and control, including management programs, housekeeping, operator training, pre-emergency planning, preventive maintenance, and plant security. It also addresses safety measures specific to gravure printing presses, such as automatic sprinkler systems, fire hydrant system, carbon dioxide flooding systems, and portable fire extinguishers. In summary, this thesis provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of fire risks in gravure printing presses and recommends a holistic approach for effective fire prevention and control.

Organic cultivation of Allium fistulosum under concentrations of Bordeaux mixture

Allium fistulosum L., belonging to the botanical family Alliaceae, is one of the most produced and commercialized vegetables in the world. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the control of anthracnose in chives subjected to organic cultivation with different concentrations of Bordeaux mixture and its effects on crop yield. The experiment was conducted in elevated soil beds 10-cm high. Seedlings of the chive cultivar ‘Todo Ano’ were produced from plants previously cultivated in the site. Cultivation was carried out under full sunlight, and irrigation was performed by automatic sprinklers with a daily volume of 6 mm. The experiment was in randomized blocks, with 10 treatments in a 2x5 factorial arrangement. Four concentrations of Bordeaux mixture (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%) plus one control (water) were used. The second factor evaluated was the weekly and fortnightly application period. Data on the Total Fresh Mass (MFT), Commercial Fresh Mass (MFC), Sick Fresh Mass (MFR), Number of Commercial Leaves (NFC), Number of Sick Leaves (NFR), Commercial Dry Mass (MSC), and Yield (PTV) were collected. No statistically significant interactions were observed for anthracnose control and chive yield. However, in the 4th week of evaluation, differences were observed between the application periods, with the 2.0% concentration and weekly application performing better than the other treatments. The other evaluations did not result in significant statistical interactions between the variables analyzed. The application of Bordeaux mixture has no effects on the control of anthracnose and on the yield of chives.

The Development of Automatic Sprinkler System Concepts for Maritime Vehicle Carriers

Closed ro-ro spaces on maritime vehicle carriers are usually protected by a total-flooding carbon dioxide system. Such systems have many benefits, for example that there are no residues that can adversely affect the protected objects (in this case thousands of vehicles) and the agent is electrically non-conductive. However, there could be a considerable time delay from the start of a fire until the carbon dioxide system is discharged. Experience has shown that this delay time can cause significant fire damage and jeopardize the performance of the system. Within the EU funded LASH FIRE project, design and installation guidelines for supplementary automatic water-based fire sprinkler systems were developed. An important design feature is that the system automatically activates at an early stage of a fire. This would allow more time to fight the fire manually or to safely evacuate the space and discharge the CO2 system when the fire is controlled to one or a few vehicles instead of at a time when it has escalated in size. The work was partly based on a comprehensive literature review that identified relevant standards and information applicable to the design of automatic fire sprinkler and deluge water spray systems. Large-scale fire tests verified that the suggested system designs were able to provide control of realistic vehicle fires, including fires in passenger cars and a freight truck.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC PLANT SPRINKLERS USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS

Automatic plant sprinklers aim to replace manual work into automatic, as for the benefits obtained from this tool is that it can facilitate human work in watering onion plants. This tool uses a soil moisture sensor that functions as a soil moisture detector and sends commands to Arduino uno to turn on the relay so that the pump can turn on and splash water according to soil needs automatically. The design of this tool utilizes the nature of water, which is to fill empty space, and is always flat, this automatic plant sprinkler uses a water reservoir before water is splashed on the ground. Output holes applied to water reservoirs of the same height and diameter allow watering of the soil evenly. The results of the automatic plant sprinkler design test obtained after three tests, have a difference in the amount of water released from water hole one and water hole two, which ranges from 0-7%, which means it is still within the tolerance limit for onion plants, onion plants need soil moisture between 70-80%, which means it has a moisture tolerance between 10%.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Fire Protection

Active fire protection system in RSD. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung has not met the standards related to the Technical Requirements for Fire Protection Systems. Inside the building there is an alarm system and fire protection system that is not maintained and not functioning, there are no automatic sprinklers installed in the room, and there is no fire extinguishing system installed. permanent and uneven. The aim of this research is to determine the suitability analysis of RSD active fire protection system facilities. Dr.A Dadi Tjokrodipo, Bandar Lampung City, 2023. The aim of the research is to determine the risk factors for fire protection at RSD Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung. This type of qualitative descriptive research uses an observation and documentation interview approach. The total sample was 4 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The research results show that active fire protection facilities are APAR, alarm, detector, sprinkler and hydrant with a total of 43 indicators, consisting of APAR (13 indicators), 12 indicators (90%) are met, 1 indicator (10%) is not met. . Of all these indicators. RSD dr. Dadi Tjokrodipo, Bandar Lampung City, 12 indicators were met (5.16%) and 34 (94.84%) other indicators were not met. It can be concluded that hospital fire response readiness in dealing with potential fires is still minimal and inadequate. It is hoped that the hospital will continue to improve the quality of facilities and infrastructure.

Component Modification and Data Communication Lines of Automatic Crop Sprinklers on Soil Moisture-Based Agricultural Land

Plants are living things that need water for their growth. This research was carried out designing, making, and developing tools that previously existed. This development focuses on how to communicate between microcontrollers and aims at the needs of large and open land. Where in previous studies the coverage area was only the area around the radius of the wifi router and the coverage will be increased again using NRF24L01. In previous studies using relays on the solenoid valve will be replaced using Mosfet LR7843 which has lower electrical power requirements. This system uses the Wemos D1 Mini and Arduino Uno as its microcontroller, where data from sensors in the system in the Arduino Uno will be sent using NRF24L01 and received by NRF24L01 on the Wemos D1 Mini. Then the data that has been received will be processed and sent to the internet and can be monitored through the Blynk application which can see temperature conditions, air humidity and soil moisture. From the test results, the average difference obtained at a temperature reading of 0.44 ° C and air humidity of 3.2%, and when the humidity reaches >50% the solenoid valve can open automatically. The distance that can be reached when testing as far as ±20 meters can be due to the test site being blocked by walls.

Control and Monitoring System of Growing Media for Cucumber Plants Based on the Internet of Things

Cucumber is one of the horticultural commodities that has good prospects for cultivation because cucumber plants can be marketed domestically and abroad. Soil condition and fertility a very important factors in increasing agricultural growth and production. The ideal data for a good soil pH for planting cucumbers is 6-7, for a soil temperature of 18-30C and humidity of 50-60%. Ignorance of farmers about the value and condition of the land can lead to poor production of cucumber plants. Therefore the authors created a control and monitoring system to monitor soil conditions or growing media in cucumber plants. In this system, there is a soil pH sensor, temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, and automatic sprinkler for fertilizer when the soil pH value is less than the specified limit. This system also applies the Internet of Things concept for sending data on the Telkom IoT Platform platform. Based on the test results of testing the soil temperature sensor, it gets an average error value of 0.67% and an accuracy value of 99.33%. Testing the soil moisture sensor obtains an error value and accuracy of 4.80% and 95.20%, respectively. Whereas in testing the pH sensor which was calibrated using the linear regression method, it obtained an average error value of 1.69% and an accuracy of 98.31%.

Reliability of an automatic fire sprinkler installation in a woodworking shop

The article examines and evaluates in detail the problem of reliability of an automatic fire protection system. Several solutions are proposed to enhance the fire safety of technological processes and the continuous production of combustible materials (wood).

An Automatic Watering System Based on an Arduino Microcontroller and Soil Moisture Sensors with Solar Panel Power Plant

The large eggplant farming land often makes it difficult for farmers to water. In addition, the water content in the soil does not meet the minimum requirement, which is 80%-90%. Hence, adequate watering with a high level of accuracy is necessary. This study aims to design and invent an automatic watering system for eggplant farming land with an area of 150 m2. The method was to design automatic sprinklers using programming and fritzing software using Arduino IDE. Soil moisture data was obtained from the soil moisture sensor and displayed on the I2c LCD so that farmers could monitor the soil moisture level. The pump used PB-WH1100BCP with a specification of 1100 W with a discharge of 145 l/minute and a head of 30 m. This automatic watering system was supplied with a 500 Wp photovoltaic solar cell with a current value of 2 A, and a voltage of 20V was obtained when the sun was shining and could work effectively for 6 hours per day. To store electric current, this system was equipped with a VRLA 12V- 200Ah battery connected in series, and the current charging was controlled by the Solar Charge Controller (SCC). It can supply electric current to the pump for 24 hours. This automatic watering system has been tested and functions well on eggplant farmland.

Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa SMKN 1 Kramatwatu dalam hal comunication, critical thingking, collaboration dan creative pada kegiatan Kihajar STEM Tingkat Nasional 2023

The author provides training and guidance aimed at improving student competence in terms of communication, creative thinking, collaboration and creativity at the 2023 national level Ki Hajar STEM activities. This research uses quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental type. There are two stages in this research, the preparation stage, namely the preparation stage before the competition and the implementation stage, namely the stage of participating in the Kihajar STEM competition activities. The innovation they created, namely a cellphone device or automatic sprinkler based on solar cells, increased their abilities in terms of creativity and were able to work together in making this cellphone device which was used as a tool to compete in the Kihajar STEM competition. 4C competencies consist of critical thinking competencies, creativity competencies, communication competencies and collaborative competencies.