Automatic Speed Control System Research Articles

REDUCTION IN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS DURING THE HARVESTING OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE

When harvesting winter oilseed rape (WOSR), leaving higher (~0.3–0.4 m) crop stubble is an effective method of reducing fuel consumption and contaminant emissions of a combine harvester equipped with the tangential threshing apparatus and straw walkers. At a speed of 4 km h−1, when the stubble height of WOSR was increased from 0.2 to 0.4 m, the mass of material other than grain (MOG) fed to the harvester was reduced by 7 t h−1, resulting in a reduction of 6.2 l h−1 in fuel consumption, 5.7 kg h−1 in carbon equivalent (CE), and 16.3 kg h−1 in CO2 emissions. A more accurate estimate of harvester performance is the fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds. On increasing the MOG mass feed rate to 15.6 t h−1, the fuel consumption per ton of threshed rapeseeds decreased to 3.33 l t−1, CE reached 40.2 kg h−1 or 3.0 kg t−1, and CO2 emissions reached 121.3 kg h−1 or 9.2 kg t−1 of threshed rapeseed. When optimizing the automatic speed control system of the combine harvester, the MOG mass feed rate, the permissible limit of seed losses, and fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds must be considered.

Time-Change-Fuzzy-Based Intelligent Vehicle Control System for Safe Emergency Lane Transition During Driver Lethargic State

Driver’s physical condition may contribute to traffic accident when it is in a lethargic state that result in faulty maneuvers of his vehicles. Due to these possibilities, many research focuses in developing automatic speed control systems that considers the environment condition, with which relieving the human from the control task when the driver’s judgement is not suitable for the environmental condition. Time-change-fuzzy-sets has been proven successful in analyzing safety level in traffic condition. This paper proposes an intelligent vehicle control system based on Time-Change-Fuzzy that can safely transit a moving vehicle from its original lane towards the emergency lane automatically when the driver is in lethargic state and the effectiveness was evaluated in a series of simulation.

THE RESEARCH OF THE OPERATION MODES OF THE DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE CHME3 ON THE IMITATION MODEL

Introduction. Fuel consumption by diesel locomotive during operation depends significantly on many factors, among which the main is the mode of driving a train. Purpose. Research on the mathematical model of the modes of driving a train on the site of Kharkiv-Merefa with the purpose of the main oscillograms of the operation of the locomotive on the site. Methodology. A mathematical model of the operation of the main units of the locomotive CHME3 in the Matlab environment was developed. The model of the diesel engine is based on the calculated indicator diagram of its operation, which is approximated by a continuous dependence. The control panel operates on a system of conditions, the purpose of which is to maintain the set speed. Results. In the course of the simulation, statistical data were obtained on the fuel consumption of the diesel locomotive when it operated on a section with a train of constant mass. Based on the data obtained, a three-dimensional surface is constructed showing the dependence of the fuel consumption on the time of the site's exploration and the maximum speed on the site. Practical value. The dependence obtained can be used to optimize the driving behavior of trains along a section. The apparent dependence of fuel consumption on the driver's behavior is the basis for the further development of automatic locomotive speed control systems.

Novel Automatic Idle Speed Control System with Hydraulic Accumulator and Control Strategy for Construction Machinery

To reduce the energy consumption and emissions of the hydraulic excavator, a two-level idle speed control system with a hydraulic accumulator for the construction machinery is proposed to reduce the energy consumption and improve the control performance of the actuator when the idle mode is cancelled. The structure and working principle are analyzed. The hydraulic accumulator (HA) is used to store the energy, which can provide backup pressured fluid when the idle mode is cancelled. Then, a method of how to set the pressure differential between the hydraulic accumulator and the load is proposed and the control law is discussed. The test rig is built. The experimental result shows that the idle speed can be switched among the first idle speed, the second idle speed and the normal speed automatically. Though the idle speed in the novel system can be reduced more than that in the conventional automatic idle speed control system (AISCS), the proposed system can still build the actuator pressure more quickly when the idle mode is cancelled. When compared to the system without the idle speed control, the energy saving of the proposed system is about 67%. The proposed two-level idle speed control system with a HA can achieve a high energy efficiency and a good control performance.

Providing support for quality indicators when adjusting rotational speed of the diesel generator shaft

The subject of the study in the article is an analysis of ways and means to improve the accuracy of the rotation frequency, ensuring the stability and speed of the processes of speed control, increasing the reliability of the regulators that are used in automatic frequency control systems. The purpose is to describe the technical solutions proposed by the authors, the using of which will avoid the negative impact of changes in the physical properties of the working mixture used in regulators of indirect action . The task is justification of technical solutions, the introduction of which, in the practice of adjusting the rotational speed of the shaft of the diesel generator, will: increase the accuracy of the required values of the speed of rotation; ensure the necessary stability of the automatic frequency control system; to increase the speed of the regulatory processes; increase reliability of regulators; to eliminate the negative effect on the process of regulating the frequency of changes in the physical properties of working mixtures, are used in regulators of indirect action . Conclusion: the proposed technical solutions should be used both in the modernization of existing automatic speed control systems and in the construction of frequency control systems for new sources of electric energy.

MODELING SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC SPEED REGULATION OF CONVEYOR MACHINES ROASTING TRUCKS

Context. Resolves an an actual task of developing advanced mathematical models to study regulation of the roasting trucks speed of the conveyor machine that allows to maintain a predetermined level of height pellet layer and provides optimal process for firing pellets and maximum performance Objective is a presentation of the mathematical model development results for the regulation roasting trucks speed of the conveyor machine with implementation modern SCADA-system for controlling the conveyor machine performance by regulating its moving speed roasting trucks, which leads to a change of height of the pellet layer on the trucks. Method. To evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the drive system and the simulation control the speed of movement of the roastingtrucks conveyor machine uses a powerful and universal method of research – graphical environment Simulink simulation modeling, which is a supplement to the package MATLAB for numerical analysis. When using Simulink simulation uses the principle of visual programming, in accordance with which the user on the screen of the library of standard blocks and creates a device model performs calculations. Results. The proposed mathematical model used baseline data of conveyor machines OK-306 and LURGI-278. To construct a mathematical model of the automated speed control system for moving the roasting trucks conveyor machines have calculated transfer functions of elements included in the system. As a result of simulation obtained transients when adjusting the height of the pellet layer on the roasting carts and determine their impact on the performance of the conveyor machine. For the feasibility of improving the control system pelletizing plant by the use of a mathematical model for the regulation of the speed of roasting trucks designed modern model interface SCADA-system that works in real time, and enables operational dispatch management. As the SCADA TRACE MODE 6, the height of the pellet layer control system should be developed using SCADA TRACE MODE 6 pelletizing plant systems leading automated management tool using the system. Conclusions. On the basis of the use of the output of the technological process of roasting of the pellets on the conveyor of the burning car and the calculations in a graphical environment Simulink MATLAB built a mathematical model of the system for controlling the speed of the roasting trucks conveyor machine in accordance with technological process allows to investigate influence on pellet burning process by controlling the height of the pellet layer and the performance of the conveyor machine. The proposed model of a modern SCADA-system interface that works in real time and enables operational dispatch management, can be used in real industrial environments.

Performance analysis of an automatic idle speed control system with a hydraulic accumulator for pure electric construction machinery

Abstract To reduce the energy consumption and emissions of a hydraulic excavator (HE), an electric motor (EM) is employed to replace the internal combustion engine (ICE) that powers the hydraulic pumps. Owing to the excellent control characteristics and high efficiency of the EM, a two-level idle speed control system with a hydraulic accumulator (HA) for a HE is proposed to reduce energy consumption and improve the control performance of the actuator when the idle speed control (ISC) is switched off. A mathematical model is established and key parameters are analyzed and optimized. A simulation is performed using AMESim, and a control strategy for the two-level idle speed control is developed by using a co-simulation between AMESim and Simulink. A test rig is built based on the optimized parameters and simulation results. Experimental results show that the EM speed can be automatically switched between the first idle speed, second idle speed, and normal operating speed. Although the idle speed of the EM in the novel ISC system can be reduced more than that in a conventional ISC system, the proposed ISC system can still build actuator pressure more quickly in a working mode when the ISC is switched off. Compared to a system without idle speed control, the energy saving of the proposed system is approximately 36.06%. The proposed two-level idle speed control system with a HA can achieve high energy efficiency and excellent control performance, and it can be also applied to engine-driven construction machinery.

A novel fuzzy-sliding automatic speed control of intelligent vehicles with adaptive boundary layer

Since the vehicle longitudinal dynamic system inherently has non-linear and time-varying behaviour, it is a challenging work to design an effective automatic speed control strategy to handle the unknown nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy sliding automatic speed controller with variable boundary layer for intelligent vehicles is proposed; the control gains and the boundary layer thicknesses of the sliding mode speed controller are adaptively tuned by fuzzy logic simultaneously. Additionally, the stability of the proposed closed-loop automatic speed control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory, and the switching criterion between the throttle and brake actuators is introduced. Finally, the performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated by simulation and experimental tests, and the results illustrate that the proposed scheme can achieve good tracking performance.

A rule-based support system for dissonance discovery and control applied to car driving

This paper is based on the concept of dissonance, that is, gaps or conflicts existing in a specific knowledge base or among different knowledge bases. It presents a rule-based system that assists human operators in dissonance discovery and control by taking into account two kinds of dissonance, i.e., affordance to study conflicts of use, and inconsistencies to study conflicts of intention and action, through the analysis of cognitive behavior implemented in knowledge bases. This system elaborates the knowledge base composed of rules, and analyzes the knowledge content to discover new knowledge by creating additional rules, or to identify inconsistencies when conflicts between rules occur. The affordance discovery control process uses a deductive and an inductive reasoning algorithm of which the aim is to establish new rules using existing ones. The inconsistency discovery control process applies an abductive reasoning algorithm in order to determine contradictory rules when existing rules may result in opposite intentions being accomplished. Two groups of inconsistencies are addressed: interferences involving several decision makers, and contradictions involving the same decision maker. A knowledge acquisition control process facilitates the creation of the initial rules that contain parameters such as intentions relating to the goals to be achieved, actions to be performed to achieve these intentions, objects used to carry out these actions and the decision makers who execute these actions using the corresponding objects. A feasibility study taking into account five rule bases relating to the manual use of an Automated Speed Control System (ASCS), the automated control of the car speed by the ASCS, the manual control of aquaplaning, the manual control of the car speed, and the manual control of car fuel consumption is proposed to validate the rule-based support system.

A Survey on Applications of RFID Technology

Background/Objectives : Recent trends use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in day to day life. At the beginning RFID was developed to replace barcodes in supply chain. They are the ubiquitous tool available for monitoring any item in various fields. The main objective of this paper is to survey RFID technology based on its security and safety applications. Methods/Statistical Analysis : RFID technique is mainly used for the security, tracking and monitoring purposes. Findings: This paper presents a survey on the applications of RIFD in the tollgate transactions, bank locker security system, automatic vehicle speed control and library books security system. Many applications visualized have a genuine use. The communication is in the wireless manner and does not require line of sight. Applications/Improvement: This paper presents a survey on the applications of RIFD in the tollgate transactions, bank locker security system, automatic vehicle speed control and library books security system.

Toward a Petri Net Based Model to Control Conflicts of Autonomy between Cyber-Physical & Human-Systems

Abstract: A dissonance is a conflict between individual, collective or organizational knowledge. This concept is extended to a conflict of autonomy between components of a human-machine system, such as Cyber-Physical & Human Systems (CPHS). The autonomy of the CPHS is modeled by a triplet representing three sets of knowledge: the Competence, the Availability and the Prescription. The so-called Competence-Availability-Prescription (CAP) model is then proposed to represent the capability of the CPHS to act alone and to control possible emergent behaviours such as conflicts of autonomy in terms of competence, availability and/or prescription. The formalism of the Petri nets is used to model the three CAP model parameters and to control possible conflicts between them. A feasibility study of the application of such CAP model and Petri nets is presented for the car driving domain involving the car driver interacting with Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) such as an Automated Speed Control System (ASCS).

Petri Net-Based Modeling and Verification of Automatic Train Speed Control System

How to provide dependability based on safety is a challenge faced by train control system. Formal approaches are important for modeling and verification of automatic speed control Systems. In the paper, a formal model of automatic speed control Systems based on Petri nets (ASCS-nets) is presented. And the transformation approaches from automatic train speed control system to ASCS-nets are given. Correctness verification of automatic train speed control system is implemented based on ASCS-nets model.

Automatic Speed Control Algorithm Study Based on Fuzzy-Predictive Control Logic

In order to solve the state control problems of the train automatic speed control system, improve the efficiency of the train automatic speed-control and reduce the state switching transition, a kind of train automatic speed control algorithm has been proposed. Based on the fuzzy-predictive control logic, use the formal method, design the state control mechanism, and build the automatic speed-control system model. Using anti-interference design, the data analysis and the simulation test have been accomplished. And the results show that the algorithm is feasible.

Progress on the Design and Development of the Continuous‐Flow Total Artificial Heart

Cleveland Clinic's continuous-flow total artificial heart has one motor and one rotating assembly supported by a hydrodynamic bearing. The right hydraulic output is self regulated by passive axial movement of the rotating assembly to balance itself with the left output. The purpose of this article is to present progress in four areas of development: the automatic speed control system, self-regulation to balance right/left inlet pressures and flows, hemolysis testing using calf blood, and coupled electromagnetics (EMAG) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The relationships between functions of motor power and speed, systemic flow, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were used for the sensorless speed control algorithm and demonstrated close correlations. Based on those empirical relationships, systemic flow and SVR were calculated in the system module and showed good correlation with measured pump flow and SVR. The automatic system adjusted the pump's speed to obtain the target flow in response to the calculated SVR. Atrial pressure difference (left minus right atrial pressure) was maintained within ±10 mm Hg for a wide range of SVR/pulmonary vascular resistance ratios, demonstrating a wide margin of self-regulation under fixed-speed mode and 25% sinusoidally modulated speed mode. Hemolysis test results indicated acceptable values (normalized index of hemolysis <0.01 mg/dL). The coupled EMAG/CFD model was validated for use in further device development.

Design of Double Closed Loop Control System of Automatic Clutch

The control system of automatic clutch is based on the manual gearbox instead of the clutch pedal. It realizes automated clutch and manual shifting. The essence of automatic clutch is how to control the motor drive unit to achieve the implementation of the automatic clutch separation and bonding, and thus automatic speed technology of motor is the key. In this paper, combining the characteristics of micro-car, a double-loop automatic motor speed control system is designed. The design is proved reasonable and feasible through simulation based on MATLAB.

Study on Reliability and Safety of Automatic Speed Control System Based on Dual Redundant Model

In order to guarantee the safe operation of train and improve the operation efficiency, a kind of failure-safety control strategy of system is proposed based on the dual-redundant control mechanism. The paper analyzes the function requirement of train automatic speed control, researches on the design principles and methods of the architecture design of the dual-redundant control system which is based on the tolerance theory, analyzes the control strategy of the system running state translation, uses Markov model to analyze the system reliability and safety. Finally, a series of simulation analysis are performed, and the results show that the system has good reliability.

Study on Control Strategy of Train Automatic Speed Control System

To improve the efficiency of the automatic control in the process of train operation, reduce state transition caused by the signal interference and guarantee the safe operation of automatic train operation system, a kind of train automatic speed control strategy based on the fuzzy-predictive control algorithm is put forward. According to the dual-redundant control model, the reliability and safety of the train automatic speed control system is analyzed. Using anti-interference design, a series of model simulations have been accomplished. The results show that the system has good reliability.

Suction Events During Left Ventricular Support and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Axial blood pumps have very successfully entered the arena of prolonged clinical support. However, they offer only limited inherent load-responsive mechanisms for adjusting pumping performance to venous return and changes in the physiologic requirements of the patient. Therefore, excessive ventricular unloading can be observed in various situations of temporarily reduced venous return. In this study we report severe ventricular arrhythmias closely related to suction events in rotary blood pumps, a phenomenon that has not been described previously. Data from a clinical trial intended to prove the feasibility of an automatic speed control system for pump recipients were analyzed with regard to electrocardiographic changes during ventricular collapse. The occurrence of excessive unloading was detected by an automatic suction detection system. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were classified semi-manually, aided by a graphical use interface. For statistical data analysis, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was utilized. After automatic suction detection a significant increase in monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was observed, from 0.015 to 0.099 event per second (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was found that arrhythmic activity in terms of morphologic ventricular tachycardia increased after suction from 0.009 to 0.014 event per second. Excessive ventricular unloading of the left ventricle during continuous left ventricular support can induce ventricular arrhythmias. We detected evidence supporting an increase in arrhythmic activity after suction. This turned out to be a transient effect, which vanished within 5 minutes after suction. ECG events related to suction have a sudden onset and are severe ventricular arrhythmias, which can consist of even just one extrasystolic beat, and they usually cease after clearance of suction.

First Clinical Experience with an Automatic Control System for Rotary Blood Pumps During Ergometry and Right-Heart Catheterization

At present, most clinically implanted rotary blood pumps are operated at constant speed and adjusted by the physician. It is generally assumed that an adaptation of pump speed to the patient's physiologic requirements would be beneficial. The data provided in this paper, based on hemodynamic and spirometric data during exercise in which a pre-load-sensitive control was used, lend quantitative support to this assumption. An automatic speed control was developed and implemented with Matlab on a dSpace controller board. The system uses pump speed, pump power, and pump flow as its only input signals. It was connected to the clinical hardware of the DeBakey VAD System. The control is pre-load-sensitive and uses an expert system to detect excessive unloading and eventual suction. This system was used to quantify the cardiovascular reaction of patients to both automatically controlled and constant pump speed. A sub-group of 5 patients underwent bicycle ergometry with Swan-Ganz catheterization and spiroergometry. The automatic, closed-loop speed control showed robust and stable performance. It provided an increase in pump flow (+0.94 +/- 0.5 liters/min, p < 0.05) compared with constant-speed mode in response to physical activity. Pulmonary arterial (PAP) and capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) clearly decreased (-7.4 +/- 4.1 mm Hg for PAP and -8.3 +/- 4.2 mm Hg for PCWP, p < 0.05), and venous oxygen saturation moderately increased (+5.2%). An automatic speed-control system for rotary blood pumps was developed and demonstrated by spiroergometry to be appropriately responsive to physiologic demand.

Advanced Heart Failure: Feasibility Study of Long-Term Continuous Axial Flow Pump Support

At present, most clinically implanted rotary blood pumps are operated at constant speed and adjusted by the physician. It is generally assumed that an adaptation of pump speed to the patient’s physiologic requirements would be beneficial. The data provided in this paper, based on hemodynamic and spirometric data during exercise in which a pre-load-sensitive control was used, lend quantitative support to this assumption.An automatic speed control was developed and implemented with Matlab on a dSpace controller board. The system uses pump speed, pump power, and pump flow as its only input signals. It was connected to the clinical hardware of the DeBakey VAD System. The control is pre-load-sensitive and uses an expert system to detect excessive unloading and eventual suction. This system was used to quantify the cardiovascular reaction of patients to both automatically controlled and constant pump speed. A sub-group of 5 patients underwent bicycle ergometry with Swan-Ganz catheterization and spiroergometry.The automatic, closed-loop speed control showed robust and stable performance. It provided an increase in pump flow (+0.94 ± 0.5 liters/min, p < 0.05) compared with constant-speed mode in response to physical activity. Pulmonary arterial (PAP) and capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) clearly decreased (−7.4 ± 4.1 mm Hg for PAP and −8.3 ± 4.2 mm Hg for PCWP, p < 0.05), and venous oxygen saturation moderately increased (+5.2%).An automatic speed-control system for rotary blood pumps was developed and demonstrated by spiroergometry to be appropriately responsive to physiologic demand.