Automatic Protection System Research Articles

Research on Automatic Pipe Cleaning Technology for Natural Gas Medium and Low Pressure Pipelines

Abstract As the number of low-production and low-efficiency wells in Chang Qing gas field increases gradually, and the problems of pipeline liquid accumulation, freezing plugging and leakage due to production with liquid are worsening, in view of the low efficiency of manual analysis of abnormal pipeline status, the difficulty of timely detection of potential problems and the labor intensity of manual blockage clearing operation, we study an automatic pipeline clearing technology applicable to medium- and low-pressure gas pipelines in the gas field, which mainly includes pipeline operation status analysis and early warning system and automatic pipeline clearing device. An analysis and warning algorithm module is proposed to analyze, warn and locate the frozen plugging point based on pipeline pressure, differential pressure and flow parameters in real time. A low and medium pressure balling device is designed to achieve the goals of intelligent control, pressure isolation balling and safe operation through mechanical structure design, automatic control system and safety protection system. The device and system are applied in the well field at the end of 1 and 3# trunk pipelines of Shen Mu Gas Field Station 7, which verifies the feasibility, accuracy and stability of the technology. Based on the joint operation of the pipeline analysis and warning system and the automatic pipeline clearing device, it is able to meet the remote intelligent pipeline clearing operation and pipeline maintenance tasks in the process of gas gathering and transmission in the gas field.

Development of Smart Fire Safety System for Vehicles Using IOT

Today, fire accidents often occur in homes and industrial environments, where climate change and human negligence can be predicted. The proposed prototype is designed to detect such fire accidents and remotely extinguish the fire from the user, thus reducing the risk to firefighters. The main idea of ​​this concept is to propose a model that focuses on the cost-effective design and implementation of an automatic fire protection system for electric vehicles. In this system, the fire extinguisher is activated when it detects flame/smoke in the vehicle fire area and extinguishes the fire automatically. There are many reasons for an electric vehicle that can cause fire accidents. The main cause of electric car fires is the battery used in them. There have been many cases of cars catching fire for the reasons mentioned above and ending with the entire vehicle reduced to ashes. The installation of an automatic extinguishing system allows to minimize the financial losses that can arise from a fire and to increase the safety level of the vehicle, passengers and other road users. Keywords : Fire Situation, Controller, Emergency Alert, Accident Prevention, IOT Technology etc.

Reliability of an automatic fire sprinkler installation in a woodworking shop

The article examines and evaluates in detail the problem of reliability of an automatic fire protection system. Several solutions are proposed to enhance the fire safety of technological processes and the continuous production of combustible materials (wood).

Principles of construction and development of an automatic protection system for steam generators of fast reactors

On the example of domestic fast reactors BN-350, BN-600, BN-800, the evolution of technical solutions for the automatic protection system of sodium-water steam generators (SG APS) is analyzed. The structural diagrams and main characteristics of the SG APS equipment of listed reactors are presented. The effectiveness of the SG APS in conditions of real leaks in steam generators of BN reactors is analyzed. The issues of development and creation of the SG APS of designed BN-1200 and INU MBIR are considered.

Modern solutions in devices of systems of automatic starting and protection of electric motors

This paper discusses modern solutions in the field of automatic motor starting and protection devices, which play an important role in industrial devices to ensure safe and reliable operation. The application of sensors in automatic starting and protection systems that measure various physical parameters such as position, distance, temperature and others and convert them into signals for further processing. Also as modern solutions in the devices of automatic starting and protection systems of electric motors the application of microcontrollers, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), IoT (Internet of Things) is considered.

Laboratory-scale testing of titanium powder fire extinguishment using water

Metal powders, such as those used in additive manufacturing, can pose a high fire hazard due to faster heating times relative to larger ingots or parts. Current industrial standards recommend special agents for manual extinguishment of metal powder fires and not automatic protection systems such as sprinklers. In this work, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to understand the behavior of titanium powder fires when subjected to water sprays. Aluminum powder, although combustible when dispersed in air, could not be ignited in the configurations tested. Powder was ignited in a straight channel to evaluate flame propagation rate and characteristics during spray application. Additionally, piles of powder were ignited to assess the possibility of extinguishment in scenarios with larger flames. These exploratory experiments revealed that upon water delivery, ejected powder plumes caused intensification of the fire. These powder plumes were caused by the vaporization and expansion of water trapped beneath the powder surface. Most importantly, it was determined that a water flux threshold exists where cooling from the water spray can overcome intensification effects and yield effective fire suppression. Contrary to existing recommendations, automatic sprinkler protection may be effective for metal powders in storage applications, however future investigation is required at larger scales.

Design & Development of Smart Fire Safety System for Vehicles Using IOT

Abstract: Today, fire accidents often occur in homes and industrial environments, where climate change and human negligence can be predicted. The proposed prototype is designed to detect such fire accidents and remotely extinguish the fire from the user, thus reducing the risk to firefighters. The main idea of this concept is to propose a model that focuses on the cost-effective design and implementation of an automatic fire protection system for electric vehicles. In this system, the fire extinguisher is activated when it detects flame/smoke in the vehicle fire area and extinguishes the fire automatically. There are many reasons for an electric vehicle that can cause fire accidents. The main cause of electric car fires is the battery used in them. There have been many cases of cars catching fire for the reasons mentioned above and ending with the entire vehicle reduced to ashes. The installation of an automatic extinguishing system allows to minimize the financial losses that can arise from a fire and to increase the safety level of the vehicle, passengers and other road users

Survey of Distributed and Decentralized IoT Securities: Approaches Using Deep Learning and Blockchain Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to attract attention in the context of computational resource growth. Various disciplines and fields have begun to employ IoT integration technologies in order to enable smart applications. The main difficulty in supporting industrial development in this scenario involves potential risk or malicious activities occurring in the network. However, there are tensions that are difficult to overcome at this stage in the development of IoT technology. In this situation, the future of security architecture development will involve enabling automatic and smart protection systems. Due to the vulnerability of current IoT devices, it is insufficient to ensure system security by implementing only traditional security tools such as encryption and access control. Deep learning and blockchain technology has now become crucial, as it provides distinct and secure approaches to IoT network security. The aim of this survey paper is to elaborate on the application of deep learning and blockchain technology in the IoT to ensure secure utility. We first provide an introduction to the IoT, deep learning, and blockchain technology, as well as a discussion of their respective security features. We then outline the main obstacles and problems of trusted IoT and how blockchain and deep learning may be able to help. Next, we present the future challenges in integrating deep learning and blockchain technology into the IoT. Finally, as a demonstration of the value of blockchain in establishing trust, we provide a comparison between conventional trust management methods and those based on blockchain.

Four-Function Fully Automatic Refrigerator Protection System Design

In the automatic refrigerator protection system hardware design, the MCU is selected as the core control of the system, the specific design content includes the selection of the automatic refrigerator protection system design scheme, MCU, and sensor types and models, in addition, it is necessary to combine the components of the display module design; In the system software design, the most core content is the system program design. The system collects the undervoltage, overvoltage, power failure, leakage, and other conditions of the power supply refrigerator, and the control switch is automatically disconnected to protect the refrigerator. C language was chosen to design the system software code, and Proteus software was used to realize the system function simulation, and the functions of the system were verified.

Vibration monitoring and automatic protection system for industrial robots

A description of the automatic protection system for an industrial robot used in milling is given. The operation of the system is based on measuring vibration parameters using vibration monitoring equipment. The developed system can be used for industrial equipment and monitoring vibration parameters. Keywords automatic protection, vibration monitoring, industrial robot, robot engineering

Reliability increase of resonance induction heating units during the fault conditions

Purpose. To develop an automatic protection system against fault operation conditions for the resonant inverter of the induction heating unit due to absence of load. Methodology. Resonant inverter load transfer function analysis using the first harmonic approximation, calculation of control parameters using numerical methods, computer simulation of induction heating unit. Experimental studies based on a smelter with microprocessor control in order to check the adequacy of the proposed model and protection system. Findings. A computer model of the induction heating unit is presented, the adequacy of which was verified by the experimental results of the induction melting unit. By using this model, circuit protection circuit of the resonant inverter against low load conditions is developed, which is based on the shift of the inverter operating frequency due to the introduction of an additional shift of the phase difference between current and voltage in the feedback loop. The methodology for calculating this phase shift was created using the load transfer function of the inverter (‘capacitor bank-inductor-part’ system) and numerical methods for solving equations. The above calculation method can be used for resonant inverters of any configuration and topology. According to the computer simulation of the induction heating unit operation during fault, the developed system limits the voltage amplitude within the safe operating region of the inverter reactive elements, while in normal operating conditions the protection system does not affect the operation of the unit. The protection system successfully keeps the amplitude of current and voltage in the oscillating circuit within safe limits during low loads. The created system is simple enough for its quick implementation in existing digitally controlled units and has high speed. Originality. Methodology to create voltage limiting system for resonant inverters of any configuration with frequency control has been developed. Practical value. Developed protection system allows to reduce induction heating process interruption by the user. Moreover, protection system increases fault tolerance of induction heating units. Structure of proposed protection system simplifies the modernization of existing units and the development of new models using such system.

Legal Protection on Economic Rights of Pirated Work of Songs in Intellectual Properties

This research aims at finding out the legal protection of copyright according to positive laws of Indonesia, and the types of legal sanctions rendered if there is an infringement on the economic rights of a songwriter. This research applies the juridical normative method to literature studies. The data which is presented in this research is secondary data. The findings show that the protection over works on songs in Indonesia has been provided by Law No. 28, 2014 concerning Copyrights. The law states that a song is one protected intellectual property. In its practice, the protection over copyright follows the automatic protection system, which means that the protection is without the process of recordation. The legal consequence is that every person who illegally commits a copyright crime, either for economic rights or for commercial use, shall face criminal sanction. Besides, the other parties other than the creator can be prohibited to exploit the creator’s economic rights. Within the sanction, other parties besides the creator are prohibited to exploit the creator’s economic rights.

Announcement Signals and Automatic Braking Using Virtual Balises in Railway Transport Systems.

In rail transport, various automatic protection systems are available to ensure the safe operation of trains and to facilitate automation and optimization tasks. For this purpose, a set of physical balises is used, which are placed at fixed points along the railway track. Based on the information provided by these balises, different information is displayed to the driver, and control actions are generated. The use of physical balises located at fixed points does not allow for automatic protection actions on sections of track where they are not installed. This is a major drawback as in many cases, temporary automatic protection actions are necessary on sections of the railway line without balises due to various circumstances (work on the track, accidents, etc.). To solve this problem, this paper presents a solution called announcement signals and automatic braking using virtual balises (ASAB-VB). This proposal allows the incorporation of virtual balises at points on the track where it is necessary to temporarily perform automatic protection actions. For this purpose, the ASAB-VB system allows obtaining the train position in real-time and storing a digital map of the track that will be made by each train. This digital map includes geographic information about the balises (both physical and virtual ones) located on the track. At the same time, the train position is obtained by merging the information provided by a GNSS, an odometer, and an inertial system (gyro and accelerometers).

Automatic Fall Protection for Hips Based on Micromechanical Double Gas Cylinder Rapid Puncture and Bionic Capsule Inflation.

Wearable hip-protection airbags can effectively protect hip joints when elderly people fall. This has been studied all over the world, but similar products need to use special gas cylinders and replacement of new gas cylinders needs to return to the factory; The team previously designed a mechanical puncture protection system based on standard gas cylinders and standard threaded interfaces, but the airbag still has shortcomings such as the small protective area caused by a single gas cylinder. To solve the above problems, a set of wearable hip automatic protection systems based on micromechanical double gas cylinder rapid puncture (MDGCRP) is now designed. Through a large number of experiments, it was found that the response time of MDGCRP was 92ms and the execution time was 177.5ms. Compared with the single gas cylinder approach, the airbag provides greater protection to the hip while the filling time and module weight remain essentially unchanged. The system is triggered by physical and mechanical methods. Compared with chemical blasting or hot-melt methods, the system has the characteristics of low cost and consumables that can be safely and easily replaced by themselves.

A Security Wireless Monitoring and Automatic Protection System for CCEL

A wireless monitoring and automatic protection system for laboratory safety is proposed to solve the security problems in chemistry and chemical engineering laboratories (CCEL). The system is based on a wireless sensor network (WSN), including indoor wireless security monitoring node, information aggregation and management node, portable handheld terminal, and laboratory security information management system. Each indoor safety wireless monitoring node can monitor the laboratory security information (for example, fire information, toxic gas content, abnormal sound in chemistry, and chemical engineering laboratory) and control the corresponding protection device. The portable handheld terminal can remind the safety responsible person to check the safety status of the laboratory remotely and can issue corresponding operation and control instructions. According to the instructions it sends, the indoor security wireless monitoring and control node can start the corresponding automatic protection device. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can realize all‐weather online monitoring of indoor safety information, ensuring that some important scientific research experiments can be conducted continuously and safely, significantly reduced the workload of laboratory managers, and precisely reported the location and conditions of accidents; the loss caused by the accident can be minimized based on the automatic protection device. The system can also be used in dangerous goods warehouse and inflammable and explosive places.

Real-Time and Accurate Drone Detection in a Video with a Static Background.

With the increasing number of drones, the danger of their illegal use has become relevant. This has necessitated the creation of automatic drone protection systems. One of the important tasks solved by these systems is the reliable detection of drones near guarded objects. This problem can be solved using various methods. From the point of view of the price–quality ratio, the use of video cameras for a drone detection is of great interest. However, drone detection using visual information is hampered by the large similarity of drones to other objects, such as birds or airplanes. In addition, drones can reach very high speeds, so detection should be done in real time. This paper addresses the problem of real-time drone detection with high accuracy. We divided the drone detection task into two separate tasks: the detection of moving objects and the classification of the detected object into drone, bird, and background. The moving object detection is based on background subtraction, while classification is performed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can achieve an accuracy comparable to existing approaches at high processing speed. We also concluded that the main limitation of our detector is the dependence of its performance on the presence of a moving background.

Вибрационный мониторинг и прочность конструкционных элементов с учетом инерционных свойств материалов при воздействии широкополосной вибрации

The paper considers influence of the inertial properties of structural materials on mechanical stresses under high-frequency vibrations. The necessity of considering acceleration estimates when creating vibration monitoring systems focused on the incorporating cyclic strength is proved. The importance of the effects of high-frequency vibration in the local areas of the structural material is noted, taking into account the formation of latent defects and reducing the fatigue limit during gigacycle fatigue. Recommendations are given concerning supplement to the vibration monitoring system, taking into account the decrease in strength under high-frequency vibration when solving problems of diagnostics, forecasting and protection with new innovative solutions. It provides increased reliability of the diagnosis and protection of equipment. In addition to evaluating the current state of the unit based on the results of vibration intensity measuring, the proposed solutions allow additional assessing the degree of wear and taking into account the impact of fatigue processes in the operation of a multi-level automatic protection system of the equipment.

Analysis of the reliability properties of duplex structures of emergency protection systems with constant redundancy

The work is devoted to the comparison of two options for the operation of the duplex structure of controllers for the developed methods for assessing the reliability and fault tolerance of multichannel control safety systems and emergency protection systems with incompatible states and a variety of possible options for the sequences of occurrence of obvious and hidden failures with the calculation of the probabilities of these systems being in a working condition in a false state triggers at a given time interval.The problem of ensuring the reliability of information management systems is a complex and complex problem, especially for potentially dangerous technical complexes.For the developed mathematical model for assessing the reliability and fault tolerance of multichannel control systems for safety and emergency protection as systems with elements with three incompatible states: the system is in a healthy state, in a state of false (redundant) operation at a given time interval, it is necessary to compare two options for the duplex structure of controllers.The paper compares two variants of operation of the duplex structure of controllers: Hot StandBy and SA&C.Based on the results obtained, SA & C systems with restoration is a better option compared to the Hot StandBy system with restoration.The results obtained will be used in further studies to obtain dependencies for much more complex structures of automatic protection systems.

INFLUENCE OF THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM STRUCTURE ON THE RELIABILITY OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

A large number of natural and man-made emergencies occurring on the territory of Ukraine, and not only that cause deforestation of buildings, structures, objects and cities and whole districts, require the provision of fire protection systems for sources of electricity that are independent of Electricity supply of certain areas or cities and objects.
 Regardless of the control mode, elements of automatic fire protection systems are elements that take part in a single technological process (notifying people of danger, feeding, water, removing smoke, etc.).
 All systems of fire protection (SPPZ), as the main power source use a common grid (220 / 380V AC). In this unchanged form, the electric power is fed to supply power executive elements (asynchronous actuators of water pumps, fans, etc.). To control the operation of fire protection systems, 12-24V DC is used. This requires the use of additional transducers in fire control systems to form the voltage of the corresponding form.
 Simultaneous exhaustion of tens and hundreds of settlements, as evidenced by the reports of the DNS of Ukraine and other operational services, affects the provision of fire protection of objects and the safety of people [5]. Taking into account the unpredictability of the occurrence of events, it is necessary to apply methods of providing backup power supply independent of power supply and climatic conditions of operation of fire protection systems.
 The purpose of the work is to propose the optimal way of forming the supply voltage and adjusting its parameters for the backup power of electric consumers of automatic fire protection systems powered by an autonomous power supply, which consists of a unit of battery and autonomous voltage inverters. Such a backup power scheme allows simultaneous control and regulation of the voltage, frequency, and the ability to determine the parameters of the autonomous source elements.
 In the process of reviewing and assessing the reliability of power supply of electric consumers of automatic fire protection systems, previously noted ways to increase the reliability of the operation of automatic fire protection systems by reserving power supply from autonomous sources with the use of accumulator batteries and autocompressor voltage inverters were taken into account. For comparison, from all known electricians of fire protection systems, the most common and most powerful electric consumer is used - an asynchronous motor.
 The probabilistic method for calculating the functioning of the backup power supply system for an internal fire-fighting water supply system using generator sets and accumulator batteries with autonomous inverters of voltage, taking into account the accidental nature of the disconnection of power lines, proved that the proposed reservation scheme, both with K2AIN-AD and with 2K2AIN-AD increases the reliability of functioning systems for fire protection. An increase in the number of similar items led to an improvement in the quality characteristics of the power supply, but had a negative impact on reliability, albeit slightly compared to the backup from the two-transformer substation.

Design and Implementation of an Automatic Electrical Motor Protection

The purpose of this paper was to design and implement an automatic motor protection system prototype. The system designed made use of sensors to measure and provide protection to the motors against temperature, overcurrent, overvoltage and under voltage using an arduino as the controller. Units to monitor temperature, overcurrent, overvoltage and under-voltages were designed and integrated. The temperature and current tolerance of the motor were set at 50ºC and 0.26A respectively. The system could respond accordingly to temperature and current changes by way of stopping the motor when set conditions were exceeded. The data measured was stored on a memory card and could be retrieved at any time to analyse the induction motor behaviour. The system if incorporated on motors, could minimize potential damages to electric motors’ windings, hence reducing electric motor maintenance costs for companies.