Automatic Loading System Research Articles

Automatic Explosives Loading System Based on Motion Reproduction Adapting to Changes in Unevenness and Hole Orientation

Automatic Explosives Loading System Based on Motion Reproduction Adapting to Changes in Unevenness and Hole Orientation

Design of Control System for Pusher Plate Automatic Loading and Unloading Machine

Aiming at the problem that the automatic loading and unloading system of the lathe is controlled by the electric control, which leads to the aging of the coil and the complicated wiring, this paper designs a control system that can automatically load and unload the material to meet the requirements of high efficiency automatic processing, stability and reliability of the lathe. This system uses Delta PLC as the controller and touch screen control to realize the automatic transmission from the loading machine to the lathe for processing, and then from the lathe to the blanking machine after processing. Equipped with pneumatic system, it can quickly and reliably realize the push and discharge actions. The system can be used in production, reduce the time of loading and unloading, and improve production efficiency.

Analysis of the positioning reliability of the mechanism of artillery automatic loading system

火炮自动装填系统的主要功能是将弹丸和发射药高效、精确、可靠地输送入炮膛，其中火炮协调器是自动装填系统中典型的转运执行机构，需要较高的定位精度来确保弹药以给定的射角准确入膛，准确高效的评估协调器定位精度可靠性具有重要意义。本文旨在发展一种可有效的评估火炮协调器定位精度可靠性的实用分析方法，首先建立含间隙的火炮协调器刚柔耦合动力学模型，并基于前馈神经网络构建其响应的近似模型；在此基础上，利用协调器到位极限状态函数的最大可能失效点处的二阶信息，构造极限状态函数的二次逼近函数；最后，运用二阶鞍点逼近方法评估了火炮协调器定位精度可靠性。工程算例表明，本文提出的方法能够很好的平衡协调器可靠性分析中的精度和效率。同时，协调器定位精度可靠性分析结果表明，间隙以及结构柔性因素对于火炮协调器定位精度具有重要影响，需要在协调器设计时加以考虑和优化.

Reinforcement Learning based position control of shell-fetching manipulator with extreme random trees

The automatic loading system of artillery includes the gun-fetching manipulator, which is crucial. The stability and control accuracy of the manipulator, however, are comparatively subpar when following the position trajectory as a result of the changes in the settings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. This research suggests a reinforcement learning-based strategy for controlling a gun manipulator’s motor behavior in light of the current scenario. In this algorithm, the state variable is the feedback output of the control variable, and the reward function is utilized to calculate the associated reward value. The reinforcement learning agent then makes decisions based on the environment’s state and reward value, adjusting the manipulator’s trajectory in real-time. By comparing different simulation results, the gun-taking manipulator can achieve more accurate position trajectory control based on reinforcement learning.

Design and Simulation of Autom0atic Feeding and Unloading System for Finishing RV Reducer Planetary Carrier

To realize the unmanned production of precision planetary cycloidal reducer planetary frame finishing, the design of this paper focuses on the robot loading and unloading system for RV reducer planetary frame finishing, and the structural dimensions of the end robot of the system are calculated in detail. The load-bearing parts of the truss affect the strength and stiffness of the whole truss system, and the ANSYS Workbench software is used to perform the static finite element analysis of the truss. The simulation results show that the maximum total deformation of the joist beam is about 0.403mm, which can effectively meet the overall loading and unloading accuracy requirements. The maximum local stress value of the joist is 5.5 MPa, the yield stress of Q235 is 235 MPa, the tensile strength is 375-460 Mpa, which meets the strength requirement, and the automatic loading and unloading system of the joist is determined to meet the design requirements.

Construction of Intelligent Chassis Assembly Line based on Machine Vision and Industrial Robot

The intelligent chassis assembly line integrates digital production control system, automatic loading and unloading system of heavy-duty robot, machine vision hole centering system, professional high-precision docking platform, robot automatic screw tightening system and quality control system. It realizes the automatic, intelligent and unmanned assembly process of the rear axle assembly of the intelligent agricultural machine chassis with the middle motor, the middle motor bracket, the front motor and the front motor bracket. The production line has been successfully put into use, creating the first intelligent assembly of intelligent agricultural machinery chassis in China.

A fast recognition algorithm of ship hatch in bulk cargo terminal based on point cloud contour extraction

Port loading automation systems can improve the efficiency of cargo transfer, save port operation time and create greater economic benefits. The recognition of ship hatch is the basis and premise of building an automatic loading system, it is a major time cost in the loading system meanwhile. How to identify the hatch quickly and accurately is an important problem that needs to be solved urgently under the actual production needs of ports. In order to save the time of ship hatch recognition, this paper proposes a fast hatch recognition algorithm based on point cloud contour extraction. The ship point cloud model generated by lidar scanning is preprocessed to remove the noise and isolated points in the model. Projecting the preprocessed point cloud on the XOY plane, converting the three-dimensional point cloud into a two-dimensional image, extracting the outline further getting the point cloud pixels with linear features of the two-dimensional image by [Formula: see text] algorithm. Projecting the feature point cloud to the X-axis to classify the hatches. According to the center point of each class of point cloud, searching for the nearest neighbor hatch edge feature points to calculate hatch coordinates in the world frame. An experimental study was carried out on the scan data of actual docked ships at Guoneng Tianjin Port. The results show that the algorithm can realize the hatch recognition quickly which the speed is increased by 424% compared with the previous algorithm and the identification accuracy meets the actual production needs of the port.

Optimizing the Performance of an Automatic Clamping System for Gear-Shaping Machines

Gear shaping machine is used to manufacture both external and internal gears. It is a semi-automatic controlled machine in which all machining operations are carried out by automatically indexing, where loading and unloading of a work piece are performed manually. Also, the operator needs to wait for unloading, until the entire machining operation to be completed. Hence manufacturing cost is increased due to labor charges and overall machining time. Our proposed technique is to minimize the total cost of manufacturing, it is planned to eliminate the manual operation in loading and unloading of each component. Full automation of shaping machine requires storing device, a transfer device, automatic clamp device, and sequence controlling system. Full automation of shaping machine requires storing device, a transfer device, automatic clamp device, and sequence controlling system. The objective of this paperwork is to design a pneumatic clamping device needed for an automatic loading system, to hold the work piece the revolving table using Pro-E Wildfire software. Then calculate the clamping force theoretically for various pressure ranges and find the suitable working pressure. Also, static analysis of all designed components is performed to validate their strength using Ansys software. Based on the dimension, all parts are manufactured and assembled to test their performance.

Apple stem/calyx real-time recognition using YOLO-v5 algorithm for fruit automatic loading system

Fruit loading and packaging are still labor-intensive tasks during postharvest commercialization, of which the key issues is to realize the real-time detection and adjustment of fruit posture. However, fruit stem/calyx position is a key structural characteristic for fruit posture and will also affect fruit internal quality detection. In this paper, an image acquisition system based on fruit posture adjustment equipment was set up, and the YOLO-v5 algorithm based on deep learning was used to study the real-time recognition of stem/calyx of apples. First, hyperparameters were determined, and the training method of transfer learning was used to obtain better detection performance; then the networks with different widths and depths were trained to find the best baseline detection net; finally, the YOLO-v5 algorithm was optimized for this task by using detection head searching, layer pruning and channel pruning. The results showed that under the same setting conditions, YOLO-v5s had a more superior usability and could be selected as the baseline network considering detection performance, model weight size, and detection speed. After optimization, the complexity of the algorithm was further reduced. The model parameters and weight volume were decreased by about 71 %, while mean Average Precision (mAP) and F1-score (F1) were only decreased by 1.57 % and 2.52 %, respectively. The optimized algorithm could achieve real-time detection under CPU condition at a speed of 25.51 frames per second (FPS). In comparison with other deep learning target detection algorithms, the algorithm used in this paper was similar to other lightweight networks in complexity. Its mAP and F1 were 0.880 and 0.851, respectively. This was better than other one-stage object detection algorithms in detection ability, only lower than that of Faster R-CNN. The optimized YOLO-v5s achieved 93.89 % accuracy in fruit stem/calyx detection for different cultivars of apples. This research could lay the foundation for the automation of fruit loading and packing systems.

Design of an innovative new extrusion system for a printing machine for ceramics

The introduction of ceramic materials in the medical field is becoming a vital necessity because of its stable physicochemical characteristics, high biocompatibility, and good osteoconductivity. On the contrary, machining ceramic components is difficult, owing to their extreme hardness and brittleness. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are an appropriate alternative to obtain the complex shapes of implants, which can have porous structures. Thus, since the development of 3D printing, direct ink writing (DIW) is one of the most promising and inexpensive techniques for shaping free-form ceramic medical components such as prostheses or dental implants from liquids or pastes. However, the assurance of performance criteria of the extrusion system for simultaneous usage becomes the major challenge for most direct ink writing (DIW) platforms, for instance for printing large parts, for multi-material printing, to decrease printing time, and to increase efficiency in terms of motor usage and weight of the extruders. To address the current deficiencies, a new extrusion system is designed for a 3D printing machine for ceramics that is compatible with different low-cost, open-source 3D printers. The proposed extrusion model enables printing with a loader with different syringes simultaneously, without stopping the operational process while switching the syringe. It adopts three subsystems. The automatic syringe loading system, which is operational to manually receive several syringes of the same or different volumes, allows the syringe feeding system to be loaded and unloaded once the syringe is empty. The syringes are automatically transferred to the holding system using an arm. The holding system allows the fixing of the syringe in order to perform printing with ceramic material. Pugh concept analysis was used to select the optimum design shape. After that, the 3D CAD environment was used to combine the strength of Pugh’s method and the design space. This brings a new concept into the mechanical design field for 3D printers, which is in line with the technological trends prevalent in the industry.

A development of automatic builder machine for retreaded tire manufacturing

Tread building is one of tire retreading process that used tire from buffing process to formed a retreaded tire. Building process was required high expertise worker because most builder machine required worker to work with machine in any point of process. For this reason, it is difficult to control processing time and quality of products. The objective of this research is to develop an automatic builder machine in retreaded tire manufacturing which is available with a variety of size of rubber tires and reduce the workforce. The results of this research are composed of the design and installation of automatic tire loading system, tread loading system, tire rotating and tire pressing system. The results showed that building cycle time of proposed automatic builder machine is average 8 min per tire and improved the repeatability. Another advantage of proposed system was related with consistent quality. It also affects to the number of workers and make fewer operated machines. Since it is produced by automation system, it can transmit the production information to next operation and can support the strategy of Thailand 4.0.

Design and Manufacture of a Machine Tool Control System for Workpiece Automatic Loading System

Design and Manufacture of a Machine Tool Control System for Workpiece Automatic Loading System

The Design of Intelligent Fault Detection System for an Automatic Loader

The fault characteristic of automatic loading system is analysed, the fuzzy-immunity mixed fault diagnosis method is put forward, and the programme of fuzzy-immunity fault diagnosis is given, the math model of fault diagnosis is established, the fault diagnosis is resolved in the lack of prior knowledge. The precision fault diagnosis is realized for the automatic loading system.

Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Alignment and Loading System for Workpieces

Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Alignment and Loading System for Workpieces

A Novel Inverse Solution of Contact Force Based on a Sparse Tactile Sensor Array.

High-density tactile sensing has been pursued for humanoid robotic hands to obtain contact force information while the elastomer skin cover is traditionally considered to impair the force discrimination. In this work, we try to utilize the diffusion effect of the elastomer cover to identify an arbitrary contact force load just based on a sparse tactile sensor array. By numerical analysis, we proved the monotonous relation between the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the relative distance of two single-force loads. Then, we meshed the elastomer surface and conducted the calibration load process to establish the calibration database of the sensing outputs. Afterwards, we applied the correlation method to the database and the sensing output of the unknown load to determine its location and intensity. For validation tests of the proposed method, we designed and fabricated a 3 × 3 sparse tactile sensor array with flat elastomer cover and established an automatic three-axis loading system. The validation tests were implemented including 100 random points with force intensity ranging from 0.1 to 1 N. The test results show that the method has good accuracy of detecting force load with the mean location error of 0.46 mm and the mean intensity error of 0.043 N, which meets the basic requirements of tactile sensing. Therefore, it is feasible for the sparse tactile sensor array to realize high-density load detection.

Shielding Verifications for a Gamma Irradiation Facility Considering the Installation of a New Automatic Product Loading System

A new system has been designed to automatically load the samples to be irradiated at the gamma irradiation facility of the Nuclear Technology Development Centre (CDTN) at Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective of this system is the optimization of the experiments performed at the Gamma Irradiation Laboratory for short-time irradiations without interruption of the irradiator cycles. The installation of this new system requires the opening of a hole at the labyrinth door to allow the loading of irradiating products. Due to this alteration on the original design, the door opening into the labyrinth requires shielding verification. The dose rate with the door open is calculated using Monte Carlo MCNPX v 2.6.0 code. The Monte Carlo source simulations were validated with experimental measurements of dose rate. The simulation demonstrated that a hole can be opened at the labyrinth entrance when installing an automatic loading system. Not only does it comply with dose constraint requirements, but it also complies with national and international standards.

An Anti-Collision Method of Slip Barrel for Automatic Ship Loading in Bulk Terminal

Abstract During the loading operation of a ship loader in bulk terminal, in order to bring bulk cargo, such as coal and ore, precisely into every corner of the cabin and not to raise dust at the same time, the slip barrel mechanism usually is placed fully inside the ship cabin near the cargo as close as possible. However, if too close, it will increase the risk of collision between slip barrel and cargo, which poses a security risk to loading operation. This article proposes an anti-collision method for slip barrel in the process of automatic ship loading in bulk terminal. This method can accurately position the cargo of cabin which is blocked by slip barrel and shovel, and provide a reliable guarantee for the automatic loading operation. Firstly, this method use an array of laser radar mounted on the maintenance platforms to perceive the collision objects around the slip barrel, including the cargo and cabin. Meanwhile, it provides a compensation algorithm to reduce the effect of anti-collision recognition brought by dust and various obstacles during the operation. According to the calculated effective distance between the cargo and slip barrel, the automatic control system of ship loading can adjust the loading operation on a real-time basis. In the end, this article analyze and illustrate the reliability and validity of this method by the case of the application in automatic ship loading system in Tianjin coal terminal.

Production of Y-86 and other radiometals for research purposes using a solution target system

IntroductionDiagnostic radiometals are typically obtained from cyclotrons by irradiating solid targets or from radioisotope generators. These methods have the advantage of high production yields, but require additional solid target handling infrastructure that is not readily available to many cyclotron facilities. Herein, we provide an overview of our results regarding the production of various positron-emitting radiometals using a liquid target system installed on a 13MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF. Details about the production, purification and quality control of 89Zr, 68Ga and for the first time 86Y are discussed. MethodsAqueous solutions containing 1.35–1.65g/mL of natural-abundance zinc nitrate, yttrium nitrate, and strontium nitrate were irradiated on a 13MeV cyclotron using a standard liquid target. Different target body and foil materials were investigated for corrosion. Production yields were calculated using theoretical cross-sections from the EMPIRE code and compared with experimental results. The radioisotopes were extracted from irradiated target material using solid phase extraction methods adapted from previously reported methods, and used for radiolabelling experiments. ResultsWe demonstrated production quantities that are sufficient for chemical and biological studies for three separate radiometals, 89Zr (Asat=360MBq/μA and yield=3.17MBq/μA), 86Y (Asat=31MBq/μA and yield=1.44MBq/μA), and 68Ga (Asat=141MBq/μA and yield=64MBq/μA) from one hour long irradiations on a typical medical cyclotron. 68Ga yields were sufficient for potential clinical applications. In order to avoid corrosion of the target body and target foil, nitrate solutions were chosen as well as niobium as target-body material. An automatic loading system enabled up to three production runs per day. The separation efficiency ranged from 82 to 99%. Subsequently, 68Ga and 86Y were successfully used to radiolabel DOTA-based chelators while deferoxamine was used to coordinate 89Zr.

Design Considerations for an Electromagnetic Railgun Firing Intelligent Bursts to Be Used Against Antiship Missiles

Railguns can reach higher muzzle velocities and fire rates than conventional guns. Muzzle velocities up to 2400 m/s and fire rates of more than 50 Hz have already been demonstrated with projectiles having a mass of 140 g and a square caliber of 25 mm. We investigated if a close-in weapon system (CIWS) based on a railgun performs better against incoming antiship missiles than a conventional CIWS such as the goalkeeper and propose solutions to optimize the performance of such a railgun. CIWSs are operational systems that defend a ship against incoming subsonic antiship missiles. However, the future antiship missiles will be supersonic and more difficult to defeat with conventional gun systems. Railguns are expected to perform better against these future threats thanks to their higher muzzle velocity and fire rate. Furthermore, the muzzle velocity within a single burst can be varied easily from shot to shot, generating a so-called intelligent burst. It allows varying the velocity of each projectile such that all projectiles arrive on the target at the same time. The number of projectiles, and thus the electrical energy required to achieve a target kill with an intelligent burst is expected to be lower than for railguns firing at constant muzzle velocity. In the first part, the performance of an electromagnetic CIWS is discussed using simulation models calculating the hit probability of a burst of projectiles fired with muzzle velocities ranging from 1200 to 2400 m/s and fire rates ranging from 75 to 300 rounds/s. The geometry of the target is that of a typical antiship missile, its velocity ranges from subsonic (300 m/s) to supersonic (600 m/s). The influence of the projectile mass on the performance of the system and the required electric energy was also investigated. We confirmed that the concept of intelligent burst reduces the required electric energy, especially against supersonic targets. The second part deals with some technical aspects of high fire rate railguns. We have shown experimentally that an automatic loading system allows increasing the fire rate of a medium caliber railgun from 50 to 75 Hz.

Research on Automatic Stacking and Loading System in Major Logistics

This document introduces the current status of the stacking and loading technology in major logistics. It introduces the development of a kind of automatic stacking and loading system in major logistics from Chengdu University of Information Technology, including the function, composition, characteristics, key technology of structure design for Non bulk cargo object, automatic extract, automatic loading and stacking. Then the main technical parameters are put forward. It is pointed out that the system has a good social, economic significance.