Automatic Irrigation Research Articles

A Review of Grow-light Farming, Hydroponics, Automated Irrigation System, Smart Farming and Spectrum Led

A Review of Grow-light Farming, Hydroponics, Automated Irrigation System, Smart Farming and Spectrum Led

An Automatic Irrigation Based on Control Area Network (CAN) Protocol

An Automatic Irrigation Based on Control Area Network (CAN) Protocol

Automatic Irrigation and Worm Detection for Crops using Raspberry Pi with OpenCV

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected gadgets that can communicate with one another and operate autonomously. For data analysis, agriculture offers a wealth of indicators that contribute to higher crop yields. The usage of IoT devices in agriculture advances information and communication in intelligent farming. The main factors that should be taken into account for optimal crop growth are soil types, soil moisture, mineral nutrients, temperature, light, and oxygen, among others. These parameters can now be sensed by a variety of sensors and sent to the cloud. In order to suggest to the users better agricultural decisions utilising IoT, this study takes into consideration a few of these parameters for data analysis. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected gadgets that can communicate with one another and operate autonomously. For data analysis, agriculture offers a wealth of indicators that contribute to higher crop yields. The usage of IoT devices in agriculture advances information and communication in intelligent farming. The main factors that should be taken into account for optimal crop growth are soil types, soil moisture, mineral nutrients, temperature, light, and oxygen, among others. These parameters can now be sensed by a variety of sensors and sent to the cloud. In order to suggest to the users better agricultural decisions utilising IoT, this study takes into consideration a few of these parameters for data analysis.

Solar Based Automatic Irrigation System

India is an agriculture-based country. Most of us are completely dependent on Agricultural crops. Agriculture is the source of employment for most Indians and has a significant impact on the country's economy. proper irrigation system usage is very important because there is a shortage of land-reserved water due to a lack of rain and spontaneous use of water, and as a result, large amounts of water go to waste. For this reason, we use this automatic plant watering and soil moisture monitoring system, which is extremely helpful in all climatic conditions. Automation of farm irrigation and soil moisture control using a microcontroller, a soil moisture sensor, and a pump motor through a relay module This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture level present in the soil and automatically switches the pump when the power is on. When the soil goes dry, the pump will start watering. The aim of the execution is to decrease water use, and automatic irrigation can be used to save time with a low-power monitoring device. Keywords—soil moisture sensor, Relay, automatic irrigation, Microcontroller

PV Based Automatic Irrigation System

Pakistan is an agricultural country and requires an adequate supply of water for irrigation throughout the year. Water is one of the most precious natural resources and its effectual management is a main concern in various agricultural systems around the world. The major problem is the water accumulation by the wealthy farmers store water for their own fields and allow water to pass to other farmers after receiving the money. Secondly, most of the time water wastage occurs due to over watering, it is because there is very large area in the fields (in acres) that is very difficult for the famers to supervise all the area. Similarly, sometime there is inadequate water supply, which cause the damage of crops or results in lesser yield on some section of the field. This paper presents solution of the mentioned problems and increasing the hold of Indus River Systems Authority (IRSA) on the irrigation mechanism so that the required quantity of water can only be delivered at the specific time for each field (as per requiring output from sensors grounded in field). The presented system consists of implement of the sensors in each corner of the fields, when the sensor value (in voltage) goes to satisfied number it sends notification to IRSA and if the water level goes to danger level, it will automatically close the gate from where water is released. New water system with electrical control advancements can improve water utilization proficiency, compelling water sparing and diminishing the natural affects. The target of the presented system is to dodge wastage of water and enhance efficiency of irrigation by utilizing a PLC based irrigation framework with the assistance of soil dampness sensors. An automatic control system of gates helps to close or open the gates if the water level in soil reaches a critical value. The motivation behind this work was to create a self-administering water supply framework that works on utilization of a solitary model according to which; the water supply follows a pre-supplied timetable along-with the monitoring of the in-field conditions, prompting a sensible sparing in the measure of water supply. It should likewise be dependable and effectively deployable to work under cruel outside conditions without the requirement for oversight or customary checking. The deployed electronic system can be powered through solar energy. The developed mechanism can make farmers capable of fulfilling their irrigation needs besides the PV based generated extra electricity can be shared or sold to neighbors or water and power Development authority (WAPDA).

Design and Development of Smart Irrigation System Using Internet of Things (IoT) - A Case Study

With India’s population growing at a rapid pace, traditional agriculture will have a tough time meeting future food demands. Water availability and conservation are major concerns for farmers. This paper aims to discuss the aspects related to designing and fabricating an automatic irrigation system using the Internet of Things (IoT) which will save the farmer’s time and money significantly. Human intervention in fields will be reduced. Changes in soil moisture are detected by soil moisture sensors and irrigation is automated using IoT. The proposed system is most economical for underdeveloped places because it is very cost-effective. Based on the soil moisture content, the sensor detects and sends signals to the node MCU, which activates the motor. When the plants receive enough water, the motor automatically shuts off. The user will be alerted about the soil’s moisture content through his mobile phone. The proposed smart irrigation system is implemented at our campus which conserves energy and water.

Machine learning and IoT-based smart farming for enhancing the crop yield

The lack of favourable atmospheric conditions leads to the loss of many crops each year. In India alone, over 11 billion dollars are lost. By combining IoT and machine learning technologies, this team has created a system that integrates agriculture’s three primary operations: crop selection, autonomous watering, and fertiliser suggestion. The following crops—Apple, Rice, Maize, Grape, Banana, Orange, Cotton, and Coffee—were considered in the study. Three systems are covered in the paper: The crop recommendation system employs machine learning to examine factors including nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), pH, and weather before recommending a crop. The crop type and the current levels of soil nutrients are the two main determinants on which the fertiliser recommendation method bases its recommendation. When employing an automatic irrigation system, the crop is irrigated automatically while taking current soil moisture levels and weather forecasts into consideration. This paper attempted to implement the mentioned systems. The paper discusses the successes of the crop recommendation system, the automatic watering system, and the fertiliser recommendation system. In this paper, we report the results of simulations of the mentioned systems.

INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARNI QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGI MAXSULOTLARINI MASOFAVIY MONITORINGIDAGI ROLI

The article highlights the methods of farmers working in the field of agriculture, clusters, grow agricultural products in greenhouses and other closed areas and use innovative technologies in their monitoring as a result of automatic irrigation, climate control, temperature, humidity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus level measurement tools, nutrient supply, fruit ripening and irrigation. The possibilities of using the automatic control system fertilization, determination of parameters of the soil composition and the cultivation of each agricultural product based on them were foregrounded.

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitor and Control System

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitoring and Controlling System was pursued to create an automatic irrigation controlling device for efficient water use and turning pumping motor ‘On’ or ‘OFF’ by sensing the moisture percentage in the field surface throgh moisture sensor. Objective was to reduce the involvement of man power for field irrigation monitoring purposes and reduce water requirement. This method can insure the proper use of water without wastage and save water for future. With the konwledge of moisture value in soil, we can estimate how much and when to irrigate crops. When the moisture content level on the output of the sensor or soil becomes less than 30% (desired value), then sensor generated an alarm and turns the motor on automatically. Displayed as ‘motor On’in the LCD display and soil level was shown as ‘dry soil’. Per hour machine data was received and shown in data table. A digital LCD Thermometer hygrometer Humidity Temperature sensor was also used to detect the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere with moisture content level was shown. Different field tests with crop and without crop were done. Total design cost was 4790 taka. Wet soil was tested with oven dry method to get accurate moisture level of the soil. Almost similar moisture percentage with moisture sensor was found. Temperature and relative humidity was also observed with weather station and found similar with sensor reading. Overall designed control and monitoring system was found satisfactory with minor errors.

Design and Development of Solar Powered Automatic Irrigation System for Modernization of Agriculture

The aim of research is to reduce the utilization of water by irrigating the agricultural fields that have low moisture level through the implementation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The ARM-based irrigation solution consists of a Solar Tracking System, Wireless Information Unit (WIU), WSN and Remote Access. The Solar Tracking System utilizes maximum solar energy by using Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) to track the sun. The electric energy produced is stored in the battery which powers the ARM processor. Wireless Information Unit will collect the sensor information from Wireless Sensor Network through the use of Wi-Fi. The system monitors soil-moisture and controls the flow of water using a solenoid valve depending upon the set threshold. In the tank, Ultra Sonic sensor identifies the water level controlled by the WIU. An Android application helps the farmer to monitor the water flow and soil moisture remotely. The proposed water management methodologies for agriculture optimizes the water usage and such practices maintain the crop health, keep yield intact, and avoids human intervention. In this proposed system, soil moisture is maintained appropriately to ensure that a good harvest is obtained which in turn preserves different types of nutrients.

Automatic Irrigation Model Powered by Smart Rain Prediction Device in India

This paper presents a simple rain prediction device-based automatic irrigation management algorithm using a combination of weather parameters and soil moisture measurements for the water balance required for a crop at each condition during its growing phase that will reduce farmer intervention for irrigation and avoid unnecessary irrigation by predicting the rainfall before starting the motor for irrigating the field. This device is powered by various technologies like deep learning to classify clouds responsible for rain, machine learning models to predict rainfall based on atmospheric parameters and the Internet of Things (IoT) using different sensors to collect data from the field. This algorithm is very appropriate for farmers who are in remote locations and are not able to use the internet and WIFI due to its unavailability. The device will be attached to the motor, will take the data from sensors and will do the rain prediction at device level only and will switch ON/OFF the motor based on the soil moisture value and rain prediction without any human intervention.

Deep learning and IoT for Monitoring Tomato Plant

Agriculture is the primary food source for humans and livestock in the world and the primary source for the economy of many countries. The majority of the country’s population and the world depend on agriculture. Still, at present, farmers are facing difficulty in dealing with the requirements of agriculture. Due to many reasons, including different and extreme weather conditions, the abundance of water quality, etc. This paper applied the Internet of Things and deep learning system to establish a smart farming system to monitor the environmental conditions that affect tomato plants using a mobile phone. Through deep learning networks, trained the dataset taken from PlantVillage and collected from google images to classify tomato diseases, and obtained a test accuracy of 97%, which led to the publication of the model to the mobile application for classification for its high accuracy. Using the IoT, a monitoring system and automatic irrigation were built that were controlled through the mobile remote to monitor the environmental conditions surrounding the plant, such as air temperature and humidity, soil moisture, water quality, and carbon dioxide gas percentage. The designed system has proven its efficiency when tested in terms of disease classification, remote irrigation, and monitoring of the environmental conditions surrounding the plant. And giving alerts when the values of the sensors exceed the minimum or higher values causing damage to the plant. The farmer can take the appropriate action at the right time to prevent any damage to the plant and thus obtain a high-quality product.

Automation of Water Pump using Sensors

Agriculture employs the majority of Indians and significantly impacts the country’s economy. Agriculture becomes difficult in dry locations or when rainfall is scarce. As a result, it must be automated for proper plant watering and managed remotely by the farmer. The objective of this paper is to do automation using a soil moisture sensor (LM393IC) and a temperature sensor (LM35) for farm irrigation and soil moisture control with the help of Arduino. In this paper, the designing and manufacturing of printed circuit board is described with details of the working principle along with the software details. Once the electricity is turned on, this automatic irrigation system senses the soil moisture level and activates the pump. The percepts of the soil moisture and temperature sensors offer feedback to manage the soil’s water content. This automated water pump is validated by comparing the values of the sensor with actual measuring instrument results and it is applied on rose flowers to check its workability

IOT-BASED SMART GARDENING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO

Abstract—Environmental awareness is one of the most important factors for environmental sustainability. This paper describes a Smart gardening system using an IoT platform. The main purpose of this automation is to make home gardening more convenient by eliminating manual work. The Soil Moisture Sensor has many applications in agricultural research, everyday gardening, and humidity and temperature sensors. By tracking the amount of water in your soil, you can ensure your valuable crops stay hydrated and know how they’re doing before planting. Our project uses a soil moisture meter and a humidity and temperature sensor using the ESP8266 to alert the user when plants need to be watered. Next, we built an automatic irrigation system using the IoT board. Our system also includes an OLED display and uses an IoT cloud, so you can monitor and control the system over the internet. PIR sensors are built into the system to help prevent pests from getting closer to your plants or destroy plants. Additionally, after much research, our project includes a purple LED light to stimulate plant growth. Index Terms—IoT, ESP8266 micro controller, soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor, PIR sensor, purple LED lights

TEKNOLOGI FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UNTUK MENDUKUNG BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

FMS technology is a digital platform designed to collect environmental information on plant growth, microclimate monitoring and automation of fertilization and irrigation of cultivated plants. The FMS application has 4 main functions, namely land digitization, soil nutrient condition monitoring system (agrooscane), climate monitoring system (agrooclimate), monitoring and automation of fertilization and irrigation (agroomation). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using agroscan, agroclimate, and agroomation tools on cultivated land in Kumendung Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. This research method uses the experimental method. The results of the study, namely the FMS agroscan technology, are effectively used to recommend improving soil pH, adding N, P, and K fertilizer inputs according to the needs of cultivated plant commodities. FMS agroclimate technology, effective for monitoring microclimate (temperature, humidity, rainfall, irradiation duration, and wind speed). The data displayed in the FMS agrooclimate can be used for consideration in determining crop timing, using varieties resistant to pests and diseases that develop in cultivation environments, crop rotation, fertilizing and irrigation times. FMS Agroomation technology is effectively used for setting fertilization and irrigation schedules.

IOT Based Smart Farming Application

Smart agriculture is one of the Internet of Things' most important uses. Water, fertilizer, and crop yield waste are all reduced via smart agriculture. The manual detection of specifications like temperature, moisture, and humidity in the existing agricultural system drives up labor costs, and continuous monitoring is not possible. The irrigation procedure is carried out automatically in this study utilizing various sensors, which reduces manual work. It is suggested to utilize a sensor-based monitoring system for crop fields. It would entail gathering information on the soil moisture, humidity, and temperature. Automation of irrigation is possible by keeping an eye on all these variables. Unquestionably, smart farming is a key facilitator in providing more food with less resources for a growing global population. While this is essential to feeding the world's expanding population responsibly, smart farming also offers producers and communities throughout the world additional advantages. Farmers may raise yields and improve environmental management by using these strategies. By monitoring the field, IoT-based smart agriculture enhances the overall farming system. The Internet of Things in agriculture helps farmers save time and lessen the usage of resources like water thanks to sensors and connections. electricity, internet-connected temperature monitoring.

Экспериментальное исследование нагрева костной ткани при воздействии на нее режущими фрезами с использованием бормашины

The article is devoted to modeling the situation of thermal damage to the facial nerve when working with cutting burrs during otosurgical interventions. Materials and methods. 12 cadaveric temporal bones were used, in which the average tissue density was previously measured using the densitometry method. In the work, we used a drill with a speed of 12,000 rpm and 2 spherical 5 mm diameter cutting burrs with 8 and 16 cutting edges. To cool the burr and the bone surface in the affected area, automatic and manual watering with 0,9% saline solution was used. To record the temperature in the bone depth, a system of two chromel-copel thermocouples was used with real-time data recording using a National Instruments analog-to-digital converter with a recording frequency of 100 Hz. A thermal imager Bosch GTC 400 C was used to record the final temperature of the bone surface. Results of the study. The index of the average bone density of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the study varied from 287 to 499 g/cm3. Data have been obtained indicating a direct correlation between bone density and temperature rise during milling. It was found that the rate of local temperature rise during milling of 9 bone samples with a density of 287–392 g/cm3 was statistically significantly (p < 0,05) greater in experiments using the burr with 16 cutting edges compared to experiments with the burr with 8 cutting edges. However, the rate of local temperature rise during milling of 3 bone samples with a density of 402–499 g/cm3 was statistically significantly (p < 0,05) greater in experiments using the burr with 8 cutting edges compared to experiments with the burr with 16 cutting edges. The use of an automatic saline system with preferential irrigation of the burr was less effective than manual delivery with primary irrigation of the bone surface (p = 0,000317). In 10 out of 12 observations with automatic irrigation, local heating of the bone was recorded at an average rate of 0,32 ± 0,15 °C per second, while with manual irrigation only in 1 case was an increase in temperature at a rate of 0,2 °С per second, and in the remaining 11 observations no increase in temperature was recorded. Conclusions. The developed model of the experiment on cadaveric bone tissue using chromel-copel thermocouples turned out to be a convenient tool for studying thermal phenomena. The heating rate of the bone during its burring depends on the bone tissue density, the characteristics of the burr and of irrigation.

Poyen’s Fuzzy Logic Controlled Automatic Irrigation (FCAI): Precision Irrigation Scheduling Scheme

Water wastage is a grave problem in irrigation due to outdated methods. This work illustrates how a well-structured fuzzy rule base can eliminate the issue and utilize water at an optimized level. Poyen’s fuzzy logic controlled automatic irrigation (Poyen’s FCAI) efficiently manages the water requirement needs in irrigation processes considering the evapotranspiration (ET) loss and cultivating conditions. Poyen’s FCAI essentially comprises two modules, the wireless sensor network (WSN) and information processing module to perform the assigned task effectively and efficiently. The wireless sensor unit (WSU) accumulates the necessary data, determines the ET loss, and runs the decision logic before conveying it to the execution unit, i.e., the wireless information processing unit (WIPU). The WIPU executes the decision by manipulating the water delivery system, ensuring that the field receives the optimum volume of water. This article illustrates the fuzzy model with simulation output. The model is field-tested with and without the control action over two seasons and in adjacent plots. The results show promising improvements in both water management and crop yield due to more accurate conditions. Hence, we obtain a superior automatic irrigation prototype model for all soil types, across different growth stages, and for all crops with an exhaustive lookup table in place.

Design of Automatic Irrigation Robot Based on Tracking and Visual Recognition

The purpose of this project is to design an automatic watering robot with tracing module and visual module, which is equipped with watering, spraying and supporting facilities. This product aims to solve the problems of difficult management of potted plants in flower lovers ' families or greenhouses, and high mortality caused by neglect of management of flowers due to human factors. The project takes STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the core, with tracing module and visual recognition module. The execution module adopts belt transmission, combined with Internet of things, path automatic planning, magnetic coupling resonance wireless charging and other technologies to realize the application of robot automatic irrigation and spraying by autonomous planning of road trajectory. The project has good promotion value in the flower market and smart home.

Solar Powered Smart Agriculturing

The greater usage of fossil fuels and increasedcarbon emissions, which hasten their rapid depletion, inducesconsumers to switch to renewable energy. Traditional irrigationtechniques may be expensive or environmentally harmful. Inlight of this, conversion to renewable energy sources, like solarenergy, can resolve this problem. Solar energy is widely usedin a wide range of applications since it is user-friendly andenvironmentally friendly. Yet, many rural areas of India continueto use conventional irrigation systems, such as diesel pumps,for irrigation. They are neither economical nor environmentally favourable. It releases a significant amount of hazardous gases,such as carbon dioxide. Farmers can operate a water pumpeffectively and sustainably by adopting a solar photovoltaic-based water pumping system. With the use of moisture sensors,scientific irrigation methodology is implemented, makingirrigation more efficient. In comparison to current technologies,this system is reliable, economical, and capable of increasingagricultural productivity levels. The requirement for labour is also decreased by irrigation automation and wireless control.In this, a permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor-drive powersthe water pump. Outside in the field plains, moisture sensorsare being installed to keep track of the wetness in the soil. Themicrocontroller uses the information from the sensors to regulatethe pump’s operation.