Automatic Gate Research Articles

Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method

It is crucial to appropriately maintain automatic ticket gates (ATGs) to keep transportation operating smoothly in urban areas. Although the average failure rate of new ATGs is extremely low, continuous operation for many years might lead to unstable performance due to deterioration, and the need for periodic maintenance to avoid fatal faults might halt operations for extended periods. To detect anomalies at an early stage, “anomaly signs” can be utilized to flag ATGs for maintenance by service engineers before anomalies occur. In addition, to minimize the cost of ATG monitoring, the necessary computing resources should be minimized, which means using only light-weight statistical methods rather than deep learning or machine learning. In this paper, we focus on the automatic separation modules inside ATGs that separate multiple tickets by complicated mechatronic controls because this module is the major cause of maintenance calls from station attendants. We propose a simple anomaly sign detection, called the histogram limitation method (HLM). We evaluated the anomaly sign scores over time with maintenance timing and compared them with the conventional fast unsupervised anomaly detection method, Histogram-Based Outlier Score (HBOS) widely used in various domains. The experimental results using real field ATG monitoring data show that HLM successfully detected anomaly signs before a maintenance call was necessary, which is better performance compared with HBOS. Despite being a simple modification based on HBOS, HLM also provides anomaly sign scores that agree adequately with assessments by maintenance service engineers.

REKAYASA SISTEM INFORMASI FASILITAS PARKIR BERLANGGANAN DI KAMPUS SUDIRMAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA BERBASIS ANDROID

Parking facilities have become a crucial component in this era of mobility. The increasing number of vehicles each year has led to a growing demand for parking spaces. Parking facilities must meet several criteria, such as guaranteed security, adequate land, and good management to ensure drivers feel comfortable leaving their vehicles. The Sudirman Campus of Udayana University has adequate parking space at various corners of the campus for both two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. However, the availability of adequate parking facilities is not proportional to good management and security supervision. This often leads to various problems, ranging from overload to security issues. Therefore, an integrated parking management system is needed to ensure that the use of parking spaces at the Sudirman Campus is more orderly, targeted, and secure. In this study, the author designs an integrated parking management system for the Sudirman Campus that utilizes technology. This system has two main components: an Android-based parking facility information system and a prototype automatic gate. The Android application is built using the Flutter framework and utilizes QR Code technology, which is a development of Barcode. Meanwhile, the automatic gate prototype is built based on the Internet of Things and serves as a trial before the actual design of the automatic gate.

Automatic Monitoring System Iot (Internet Of Things) Based Water Tanks

Water tanks are widely used to store water in the community. However, the filling process still uses a manual method so it cannot monitor/monitor the water level in the tank, so when the water is full in the tank until it overflows it is then turned off. Water tanks are often placed at a height to take advantage of gravity so that water can flow optimally. The high position of the water tank is difficult for users to reach to determine the quality and volume of water. The performance of this tool has 2 conditions. The first condition will discuss the water level monitoring tool in the tank. Using the tool developed, the water pump can be turned on and off automatically which is controlled using a monitoring tool using a smartphone and the Blynk application with a water level indicator. , water flow, and watervolume and Notification of water conditions via Telegram. Technology for distributing and monitoring water in tanks is still limited to conventional means by turning on and opening the water tap. For this reason, a control system is needed that can monitor and control the water volume in several tanks through one application display on a smartphone such as Telegram. By using the NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller base, an ultrasonic sensor as a water volume measuring sensor, and a Mini Water Pump, the condition of the water volume and all changes can always be monitored via notifications on Telegram. Apart from that, the tool can also be controlled automatically or manually through the commands provided on Telegram. In this way, the concept of using Telegram as a water tank volume control and monitoring system can be the right alternative choice in designing a water tank control system. The research method used is a prototyping system. The expected result is the realization of automatic floodgates to make it easier for humans to carry out their tasks and make the system run more efficiently. Apart from being automatic, this tool has the advantage that it can be controlled remotely using the internet of things. The design of this automatic sluice gate uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller as a processing tool, and is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, water level float switch sensor, servo motor.

RFID-GSM Automatic Gate Control for Highly Secure Organizations

Abstract: In the current dynamic global landscape, security is paramount for organizations, particularly those entrusted with safeguarding sensitive data and valuable assets. Automatic gate control systems are pivotal in fortifying security and optimizing the operational efficiency of access points for highly secure organizations. By integrating Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, these systems provide sophisticated features that bolster security measures while enabling seamless access for authorized personnel. These automatic gate control systems provide a multi-layered approach to security, addressing various vulnerabilities and potential threats highly secure organizations face. By leveraging RFID technology, these systems enable efficient and reliable authentication of authorized personnel, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or breaches. Additionally, the integration of GSM technology enhances the system's responsiveness and remote management capabilities, allowing administrators to monitor gate activities in real time and respond promptly to any security incidents or anomalies.

Automatic Zebra Crossing Using Raspberry PI

The Automatic Zebra Crossing project enhances pedestrian safety and convenience at zebra crossings using an Atmega8 microcontroller board, a time display, and Progisp software. The project features a pair of automatic gates positioned at both ends of the zebra crossing, closing whenever the traffic signal turns red to stop vehicles. This closure effectively restricts pedestrian movement beyond the zebra crossing area, ensuring enhanced safety. The system works like an automatic stairway, with the gates being opened or closed depending on the condition of the traffic signal. As the central control device, the Atmega8 microcontroller board processes inputs from the traffic signal and generates control signals to open and close the gates. The time display tells pedestrians how much time is left until they can cross in real time. The Atmega8 microcontroller is programmed using the Progisp software, allowing the construction of the control logic and synchronization with the traffic signal. The software enables the microcontroller to work seamlessly with the gate motors and the time display. The Automatic Zebra Crossing system dramatically improves pedestrian safety by keeping people inside the crossing area when the light is red. This system uses gates for straying, lowering accident rates, and optimizing traffic flow. The project documentation outlines the software implementation with Progisp and explains the hardware setup. This setup involves an Atmega8 microcontroller board, gate motors, and a time display. The code integrates a control logic for synchronization.Hardware Requirement:  Raspberry Pi- Pico  Mobile Wi-fi Module  Power Supply Unit  Motor Unit  Relay Unit  Software Requirement:  Python  PC  Web page

A Review on Design and Fabrication of Mechanically Operated Gate System

Entryways have become increasingly common in private settings, serving as entrances to enclosed spaces or gaps in fences to regulate passage. Nowadays, many entry gates are operated by automated systems, boasting various advanced features. The demand for automated or mechanically operated doors has been steadily rising. The described automatic gate system is designed to automate entrances to parking lots of residential properties, businesses, and public car parks. It utilizes a mechanically controlled mechanism comprising a base plate connected to an L-shaped rod, which is in turn attached to a pulley fixed on the gate's main body. This setup enables the gate to be raised by spinning the pulley, and it gradually descends with the assistance of a car boot shock absorber when the vehicle's load is removed. This system ensures continuous gate opening and closing without the need for an external power source. While operating the gate manually reduces the burden on individuals, it is designed to function automatically through mechanical movements without requiring external control. Keywords: Mechanical Operated Gate, Pulley, Base plate, Boot shock

PLC BASED RAILWAY ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

The paper presents a comprehensive framework for enhancing railroad security by integrating technologies such as signalling arrangements, train closure security systems, automatic railroad gate control, intrusion detection, obstacle detection, tunnel control, and automatic blockade systems. These systems utilize sensors and advanced controls to detect and mitigate potential threats, enhancing security measures and reducing the risk of accidents. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in railroad systems manage several security protocols, including emergency brake, over-speed control, train door control, and fire detection. They also ensure passenger and train safety by monitoring temperature, pressure, and voltage parameters. In the event of any anomalies, the PLC triggers an alert and takes necessary actions to prevent accidents. Key Words: : Automatic Barricade System, Automatic Railway Gate Controlling, Crack Detection System, Obstacle Detection, PLC, Signalling Deployment System, Tunnel Power Saving System.

IOT BASED AUTOMATIC SMART TRAIN PLATFORM CROSSING SYSTEM

The objective of this paper is to provide an automatic railway gate at a level crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed, and secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents. By the presently existing system once the train leaves the station, the stationmaster informs the gatekeeper about the arrival of the train through the telephone. Once the gatekeeper receives the information, the closes the gate depending on the timing at which the train arrives. Hence, if the train is late due to certain reasons, then gate remain closed for a long-time causing traffic near the gates. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensor placed near to the gate. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labor. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic; error due to manual operation is prevented. Automatic railway gate control is highly economical microcontroller-based arrangement, designed for use in almost all the unmanned level crossings in the country. Key Words: Railway gate; level crossing; unmanned; gate; microcontroller etc.

Automatic Gate at Railway Platform using Embedded System

Automatic Gate at Railway Platform using Embedded System

RT Based Railway Gates Automation Using NI myRIO

Railway safety at level crossings remains a paramount concern due to the recurring incidence of train accidents. This study proposes an innovative solution to enhance safety by introducing an automatic gate system at unmanned crossings, replacing manual operation. The system utilizes strategically positioned proximity detectors to detect approaching trains, automating gate management. This reduces gate closure duration compared to manual operation, minimizing disruptions to road traffic. Additionally, the system reduces reliance on human labor, offering a more efficient and reliable solution. It is particularly suitable for unmanned crossings prone to higher accident probabilities, where dependable operation is crucial. By integrating infrared sensors and servo motors, the system ensures prompt gate closure upon train detection, reducing potential accidents caused by negligence. This study enhances prior research by utilizing two infrared sensors on each side of the track, improving train position tracking accuracy. The sensors are programmed using the LabVIEW platform, facilitating integration with myRIO controllers. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive approach to enhancing railway safety through innovative automation technology at unmanned level crossings. Keywords— NI myRIO, IR sensors, Servomotor, Labview.

Automatic gate controlling system for sustainable agriculture water management in Sri Lanka: A review

This research introduces an automatic gate-controlling system explicitly tailored for sustainable paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka. Paddy fields, critical to the nation's food security, often face water management and resource efficiency challenges. Given the pressing concerns of water scarcity and the need for efficient resource utilization in Sri Lanka's agricultural landscape, the automatic gate-controlling system emerges as a cutting-edge solution. This research explores the transformative potential of this technology in revolutionizing traditional irrigation practices. It provides a detailed examination of the system's components and functionalities, emphasizing the integration of smart sensors to gather real-time data on soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and crop water requirements. This data is then processed through advanced analytics, facilitating informed decision-making for the automated control of irrigation gates. These data inputs are then processed by an intelligent control system that automates the operation of water gates. By precisely regulating water flow, the system minimizes water wastage and mitigates over-irrigation risks, contributing to sustainable paddy cultivation practices. The automated nature of the system reduces the dependency on manual labor, providing farmers with an efficient and reliable tool for water management. By adopting this technology, the study envisions increased yields in paddy cultivation while promoting responsible use of water resources. This research marks a significant stride towards sustainable agriculture in Sri Lanka, particularly in the crucial paddy cultivation sector.

Automatic Railway Gate Controlling and Smart System Railway Gate Crossing System

Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment and transfers data over a network without requiring human- to-human or human-to-computer interaction. This paper presents a highly sensitive and more secure management system for bus transport with a help of PIC microcontroller and various sensors. The proposed system provides information regarding moving bus to the owner of bus who is located outside the bus based on IOT. Major aim is to transport information like number of non-ticket holders in a bus, accident occurrent places, location of moving bus, fuel level in bus and running speed of bus, pressure level in tires to a bus owner who is outside the bus based on IOT.

Utilization of PWM Signals in Automatic Parking Gate Speed Control Using PID System Modeling

Utilization of signals (Pulse Width Modulation) on the l298n motor driver and PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative) is often used in industries, especially those that require robots as their automation medium, so that a process in robot automation does not only design system modeling, but is also required to implement a control system. angular position on a DC motor using the PID model. The PID control system in this study utilizes speed control with a PWM signal in the l298n motor driver and is applied as a DC motor angle position control module which is used for the parking doorstop system. The use of the trial error method is a suitable choice to be applied in finding values for the PID position control. This system keeps the speed and position in accordance with the set point when given a load as well as the ability of the system to catch up with the speed and position in order to reach the set point when the motor starts running are very important factors as a measure of speed and position control performance. because of its effectiveness, in the implementation of the parking gate latch produces a standard configuration of the PID controller with parameters Kp, Ki and Kd that can be determined so that the plant characteristics match the expected design criteria. In the trial error method, the most effective value was obtained with Kp = 10, Ki, 1.9 and Kd = 0.8 which resulted in steady state and no overshoot.

Automatic Signal and Gate System

Abstract: The "Automatic Signal and Gate System" project is a hardware setup aimed at improving safety on roads, particularly in hilly areas and railway crossings. By utilizing an Arduino UNO and an IR sensor module, the system focuses on signaling in challenging terrains, emphasizing the Automatic Rail Gate Signaling System to prevent rail crossing accidents. This project addresses the pressing issue of accidents and interruptions in rail tracks, which are prevalent in India, a densely populated country. Through the implementation of IR sensors, the system detects the presence of trains and transmits signals to the Arduino. The Arduino, in turn, controls the gate and signals using a servo motor, effectively enhancing safety measures at rail crossings. With a strong emphasis on this specific concept, the project aims to minimize rail crossing accidents and optimize the efficiency of rail gates and crossings. By concentrating efforts on this critical aspect, the system strives to mitigate accidents, reducing unnecessary interruptions in rail track operations and maximizing safety for commuters and railway personnel alike

Optimization of Volume for an Automatic Feed Wagon by Graph Theory Based Modeling

Within the project of developing an automatic feed wagon, the initial task is to determine its overall parameters, which directly depend on the wagon volume. (Research purpose) To simulate the automatic feed wagon operation in order to determine the optimal volume ensuring the versatility of its use in cattle cowsheds accommodating different numbers of animals, and practicing different feeding frequency. (Materials and methods) The solution to the problem is based on the calculation of the feeding time taken by the automatic feed wagon. The time must not exceed the limit values established by zootechnical standards. To calculate the feeding time taken by an automatic feed wagon, a graph-theory-based simulation method was used, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the components of feed mixture distribution time balance. The calculations were performed in MS Excel. (Results and discussion) The paper describes the conditions for simulation and considers two options for the automatic feed wagon operation, in particular the option when one robot serves two cowsheds and the other when each cowshed is served by a separate feed wagon. (Conclusions) The second option with a separate automated feed wagon for each cowshed is proved to be more suitable. It has been obtained that in this case, the reduced movement length results in a 27.9-36.2 percent increase in productivity of the automatic feed wagon; besides there is no need to install automatic gates and build an insulated vestibule to move the robot between the cowsheds. Thus, the programming task becomes simplified. It has been found out that an automatic feed wagon having the volume of 2 cubic meters is enough to feed animals in the cowsheds sized 111.9 meters by 26.6 meters and smaller, accommodating up to 340 cows, and with a feeding frequency of 4-8 times a day.

Eksistensi Lahan Pasang Surut Untuk Pertanian Di Desa Mulya Sari Kabupaten Banyuasin

Tidal land is land that is in a zone where it is still influenced by sea tides. This land is marginal and can still be developed while maintaining water availability and pyrite oxidation. In Sumatra, Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, tidal land has been opened through the transmigration program. This land was opened as agricultural land to meet the food needs of the community. One of the efforts in managing tidal land is water management. This research aims to determine the existence of tidal land as agricultural land in Mulya Sari village. The method used is field observation, data collection through direct interviews and related literature, and descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that for the existence of tidal land, the community in Mulya Sari village optimizes the channels built by orders and also those created by the community itself. The water conditioning in each plot of land and tertiary canals is maintained by the optimal operation of the automatic water gates. In addition, the water level must be above the ground water level to prevent oxidation of the pyrite layer. Under these conditions, the tidal land in Mulya Sari village continues to exist as agricultural land.
 
 Tidal land is land that is in a zone where it is still influenced by sea tides. This land is marginal and can still be developed while maintaining water availability and pyrite oxidation. In Sumatra, Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, tidal land has been opened through the transmigration program. This land was opened as agricultural land to meet the food needs of the community. One of the efforts in managing tidal land is water management. This research aims to determine the existence of tidal land as agricultural land in Mulya Sari village. The method used is field observation, data collection through direct interviews and related literature, and descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that for the existence of tidal land, the community in Mulya Sari village optimizes the channels built by orders and also those created by the community itself. The water conditioning in each plot of land and tertiary canals is maintained by the optimal operation of the automatic water gates. In addition, the water level must be above the ground water level to prevent oxidation of the pyrite layer. Under these conditions, the tidal land in Mulya Sari village continues to exist as agricultural land.

Next-Generation Railway Safety: Designing an Automatic Gate System with Voice-Activated Alarms

Railway crossings are high-risk areas that demand constant vigilance and attention to ensure the safety of passengers and other road users. Automatic gate systems have been widely used to mitigate these risks, but their effectiveness is limited by the reliance on visual cues and their inability to alert drivers or pedestrians who are deaf or hard of hearing. To address this limitation, we propose a voice-activated automatic gate railway system that uses voice commands to control the gates and employs an audio alarm to alert road users of the approaching train and will give also alarm who walk on the railway. Our system consists of a voice recognition module, a control unit, and a network of sensors that detect the presence of trains and road users. When a train is detected, the gate closes automatically, and the system generates a voice alarm to alert nearby road users. The voice recognition module ensures that the system can be operated hands-free, making it convenient for drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, the audio alarm feature ensures that people with hearing impairments are alerted to the approaching train. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system using a prototype installed at a railway crossing in a high-traffic area. Our results demonstrate that the system is reliable and effective, with a high degree of accuracy in voice recognition and a low false positive rate. Our findings suggest that the voice-activated automatic gate railway system with an audio alarm is a promising solution to enhance the safety and security of railway crossings.

Next-Generation Railway Safety: Designing an Automatic Gate System with Voice-Activated Alarms

Railway crossings are high-risk areas that demand constant vigilance and attention to ensure the safety of passengers and other road users. Automatic gate systems have been widely used to mitigate these risks, but their effectiveness is limited by the reliance on visual cues and their inability to alert drivers or pedestrians who are deaf or hard of hearing. To address this limitation, we propose a voice-activated automatic gate railway system that uses voice commands to control the gates and employs an audio alarm to alert road users of the approaching train and will give also alarm who walk on the railway. Our system consists of a voice recognition module, a control unit, and a network of sensors that detect the presence of trains and road users. When a train is detected, the gate closes automatically, and the system generates a voice alarm to alert nearby road users. The voice recognition module ensures that the system can be operated hands-free, making it convenient for drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, the audio alarm feature ensures that people with hearing impairments are alerted to the approaching train. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system using a prototype installed at a railway crossing in a high-traffic area. Our results demonstrate that the system is reliable and effective, with a high degree of accuracy in voice recognition and a low false positive rate. Our findings suggest that the voice-activated automatic gate railway system with an audio alarm is a promising solution to enhance the safety and security of railway crossings.

Next-Generation Railway Safety: Designing an Automatic Gate System with Voice-Activated Alarms

Railway crossings are high-risk areas that demand constant vigilance and attention to ensure the safety of passengers and other road users. Automatic gate systems have been widely used to mitigate these risks, but their effectiveness is limited by the reliance on visual cues and their inability to alert drivers or pedestrians who are deaf or hard of hearing. To address this limitation, we propose a voice-activated automatic gate railway system that uses voice commands to control the gates and employs an audio alarm to alert road users of the approaching train and will give also alarm who walk on the railway. Our system consists of a voice recognition module, a control unit, and a network of sensors that detect the presence of trains and road users. When a train is detected, the gate closes automatically, and the system generates a voice alarm to alert nearby road users. The voice recognition module ensures that the system can be operated hands-free, making it convenient for drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, the audio alarm feature ensures that people with hearing impairments are alerted to the approaching train. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system using a prototype installed at a railway crossing in a high-traffic area. Our results demonstrate that the system is reliable and effective, with a high degree of accuracy in voice recognition and a low false positive rate. Our findings suggest that the voice-activated automatic gate railway system with an audio alarm is a promising solution to enhance the safety and security of railway crossings.

Euroflow-Based Ultrasensitive NGF for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma

Background: Euroflow next-generation flow cytometry sensitively assesses minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM). It is widely adopted in labs worldwide for tracking disease progression, therapy efficacy, and decision-making in MM trials. Euroflow MRD significantly enhances MM patient outcomes, alongside advancements in anti-cancer approaches like BiTEs, CAR-T cells, and ADCs, resulting in increased overall survival rates. However, blood-based methods do not always align with bone marrow PC analysis, requiring heightened sensitivity to detect residual malignant cells post-therapy. The recent BloodFlow method, achieves remarkable sensitivity up to 10 -8 by enriching CD138 + PCs from 50 mL peripheral blood. In this study, we compare conventional Euroflow BM-MRD with the ultrasensitive method using CD138 enrichment of BM cells before analysis. Methods: BM-MRD followed Euroflow group guidelines. For ultrasensitive assessment, CD138 + plasma cells were isolated using CD138 MicroBeads. Data analysis was performed with Infinicyt software. Automatic gate and identification tool was used for conventional MRD, while data was manually analyzed for ultrasensitive MRD assessment. Results: We compared conventional and ultrasensitive MRD in the bone marrow of 70 MM patients. All positive MRDs using conventional NGF remained positive with ultrasensitive MRD. Notably, among 40 patients with negative conventional NGF-MRD, 5 cases turned positive after ultrasensitive MRD, by detecting aPCs from 0,0003 to 0,002% in all nucleated cells in the bone marrow. Patients 1, 2, and 3, diagnosed between 2020 and 2022, were in CR during assessment. Patients 4 and 5, diagnosed in 2016 and 2014 respectively, underwent multiple therapies, two autologous hematopoietic cell transplants, and patient 5 also had an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Ultrasensitive MRD for patients 4 and 5 was done after anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy. The CD138 isolation approach allowed evaluating BM-MRD at detection levels of 10 -8 cells. Further studies using ultrasensitive MRD will prospectively evaluate the predictive value of the assay in patients with NDMM, especially with high and ultra-high-risk disease. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the significant advantages of direct CD138 enrichment over bulk lysis for detecting residual malignant PCs in MM. Ultrasensitive MRD offers superior sensitivity compared to conventional MRD, a critical factor in the era of more effective therapies leading to deeper responses. Currently, we are prospectively assessing the clinical benefits in a larger patient cohort.