Automatic Battery Research Articles

Automatic Jig-Assisted Battery Exchange for Lightweight Drones

Drones utilize rechargeable batteries as a power source. Operating a drone requires human interaction with the exchange or recharge process of these batteries. This can provide limits for drones, which is why some use cases for drones could benefit from automated battery exchange. The purpose of this work was to research how a robotic arm could be used to automatically exchange flight batteries in flying drones without interference from operators and create a proof-of-concept system for evaluation. The devised method was based around a separate jig, which would hold the drone in place during the exchange operation, where battery exchange itself was handled by the use of a robotic arm. The constructed prototype could exchange flight batteries in drones in under two minutes with reasonable perpetuity and reliability.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОЛЕТА БЕСПИЛОТНИКОВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

The analysis and review of methods for solving the problem of short flight duration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for agricultural purposes is performed. The state of the issue of insufficient flight time and the need to charge drones to ensure full automation and continuity of the work process is studied. The main types and models of batteries used in UAVs as energy sources are characterized. The main methods of their refueling are considered in a comparative aspect. Particular attention is paid to the study of the advantages and disadvantages of technical solutions to the designated problem. Such methods as: using an automatic charging station for drones, designing drones called "flying batteries", using a laser and a high-power electromagnetic field are noted and described. A method for increasing the flight duration of a drone by installing a payload and a power source on an accompanying vehicle (TS) is proposed. It is recommended to provide a wired connection between the drone and the TS for charging the drone and refueling it with chemical liquids for spraying crops. The following advantages are noted: continuous power supply to the drone from the vehicle, increased duration of spraying without refueling with chemicals, the ability to perform various tasks by drones, no need for expensive drones due to the possibility of using low-power engines due to the location of power sources on the vehicle. To solve the above problem, an automated device for replacing UAV batteries is proposed, which will increase the flight duration. This device consists of two drums for batteries in which feed springs are installed, a control module, a drum shaft drive, and a platform for automatic drum change and battery charging.

Optimal allocation and route design for station-based drone inspection of large-scale facilities

The utilization of drones to conduct inspections on industrial electricity facilities, including large-sized wind turbines and power transmission towers, has recently received significant attention, mainly due to its potential to enhance inspection efficiency and save maintenance costs. Motivated by the advantages of drones for facility inspection, we present a novel station-based drone inspection problem (SDIP) for large-scale facilities. The objective of SDIP is to determine the locations of multiple homogeneous automatic battery swap stations (ABSSs) equipped with drones, assign facility inspection tasks to the ABSSs with operation duration constraints, and design drone inspection routes with battery capacity constraints, such that minimize the sum of fixed ABSS costs and drone travel costs. The SDIP can be regarded as a variant of the location-routing problem, which is NP-hard and difficult to solve optimally. To obtain the optimal solution of SDIP efficiently, we firstly formulate this problem into an arc based formulation and a route based formulation, and then develop a logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) algorithm to solve it. The SDIP is decomposed into a master problem (MP) and a set of subproblems (SPs). The MP is solved by a branch-and-cut (BC) procedure. Once a feasible integer solution is found, the linear relaxation of SPs are solved by a stabilized column generation to generate Benders cuts. If the cost of all the SPs’ optimal LP solutions plus the cost of the MP’s solution is less that current best cost, the SPs are exactly solved by a Branch-and-Price (BP) algorithm to generate the logic cuts. The numerical results on five scales of randomly generated instances validate the effectiveness of the LBBD algorithm. Specifically, the LBBD can solve all small- and middle-sized instances, and seven out of ten large-sized instances in 1000 s. Furthermore, we conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the attributes of ABSSs and drones, and provide valuable managerial insights for large-scale facility inspection.

Design of a Fertilizing Robot Application with Regard to Energy Consumption

Electrically driven agricultural robots experience faster battery depletion than vehicles moving on asphalt because higher rolling and traction resistance require more energy. The problem arises in areas without access to the electrical grid, where charging electrically driven agricultural robots is not possible, resulting in interruptions to the robot's continuous operation. A combined energy production station powered by biogas, hydrogen, and solar energy with the prototype of autonomous fertilizing robot for blueberry plantations, to perform plant-based precision fertilization on depleted milled peat fields was created by the agrorobotics working group of the Estonian University of Life Sciences [1, 2]. The station includes unique components such as an automatic battery exchange system and an electric generator with a membrane motor. These, together with a solar energy and electric generator control system, as well as a battery charger, are mounted on a mobile platform (Figure 1). The objective of this article was to determine the energy requirements of an autonomous fertilizing robot during movement in the field and for carrying out technological operations. For this purpose, the mechanical power and energy required for the operation of the robot fertilizer spreader were first determined. Based on this, an accumulator with suitable power and capacity for the operation of the robot fertilizer spreader was selected. The travel distance of the robot on a single charge of the chosen accumulator was determined, as well as the traction power efficiency and specific power.

Solar Powered QuadCopter Drone

Abstract: Drones are a common sight today and are being used in a wide range of applications. Fromselfies to pesticide spraying to military surveillance. Well the problem with surveillance monitoring isthat many applications require long time surveillance. Drones do provide a good view for surveillancemonitoring but have a huge drawback. This is the drone battery life. The major fear a drone pilot faces insurveillance is that the battery may run out and drone may land on a tree or building or some inaccessiblearea from where it cannot be retrieved and thus cannot be charged. This is also the case in military surveillance, the possibility of battery life running out and drone being inaccessible creates limitationsfor drone pilots during surveillance/monitoring. Well we here develop a drone with solution to these problems using solar power to constantly charge the drone to increase its flight time as well as the ability to land the drone anywhere and automatically its battery remotely to take flight later. This will lead to improved flight time as well as automatic battery charging of drones in inaccessible areas so that it cantake off from the same spot on charging. The drone is a quad rotor drone that makes use of 4 x highpowered drone motors with propellers to provide required lift to the drone. The drone body is integratedwith solar panels for high efficiency charging during idle time as well as during flight time for improved flight times. The drone is integrated with a wifi camera that can be monitored over an android smartphone using wifi connection. It makes use of a rc remote controller to receive control commands for theuser. The drone onboard rc receiver is used to receive control commands from the user and operate dronemotors to achieve desired flight.

Reliability and validity of a novel mobile-based automatic battery of cognitive tests in healthy young Chinese adults

Purpose To evaluate the reliability and validity of a newly developed computerized Automated Battery of Cognitive Tests in healthy individuals without cognitive impairments or psychiatric disorders. Methods From April 20 to July 1, 2023, 142 healthy individuals in Beijing and Tangshan, China were assessed using the Automated Battery of Cognitive Tests. After a 3-week interval, 36 participants were randomly selected for retesting. The assessment also included administration of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and the Automated Battery of Cognitive Tests to 59 participants. Results The Automated Battery of Cognitive Tests consists of 16 subtests. Internal consistency reliability was 0.75. The test-retest reliability for each factor ranged from 0.337 to 0.850 (p < 0.05). The criterion-related validity, as measured by correlation with the total Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status score, was 0.748 (p < 0.001). The cumulative variance contribution rate is 70.109%. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. Conclusions The computerized Automated Battery of Cognitive Tests is a cognitive self-assessment tool with good reliability and validity. It can evaluate multiple aspects of cognitive performance in healthy individuals and is suitable for self-administration through remote access via Internet.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE SISTEM MONITORING ATS-AMF DAN BATTERY CHARGER MENGGUNAKAN TELEGRAM DI PERUMDA AIR MINUM TIRTA SANJIWANI UNIT PRODUKSI BLANGSINGA

The monitoring system of the Automatic Transfer Switch - Automatic Mains Failure (ATS-AMF) and battery charger is necessary to facilitate operators in remotely monitoring the system, thus ensuring the continuous supply of water to consumers. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system does not require operators to always be on standby at the location, operators can monitor the system remotely outside their working hours. The prototype system is designed using the NodeMCU ESP32 DEVKIT V1 microcontroller and Telegram application for sending and receiving messages remotely, as well as providing spam notifications when disruptions occur in the ATS-AMF and battery charger systems. Data sent from the ATS-AMF includes voltage, frequency, current, power, the power source being used, and disruption data from both the PLN electricity source and the generator. Data sent from the battery charger includes voltage, current, battery charging stages, battery state of charge, and disruption data. Test results show a 100% success rate in data transmission through the Telegram chatbot, with an average delay ranging from 4.8 seconds to 5.7 seconds. This monitoring system ensures effective remote monitoring to maintain the smooth flow of electricity and the continuous supply of water to consumers.

Thyristor-based Rechargeable Battery Charger

In this project, our main objective is to design an automatic battery charger using Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and simulate their operation. Batteries play a crucial role in safely storing electricity by converting electrical energy into chemical energy. The primary focus of our project is on thyristor-based rechargeable battery chargers, known for their high quality and competitive pricing. We delve into the design and simulation of automatic battery chargers employing SCR technology. This article encompasses the simulation, implementation, and partial construction of such a charger. The electronic circuit will be tailored to meet specific charging process requirements.

The technical principle and application case analysis of logistics UAV

Driven by multiple factors such as the sharp increase in distribution demand, soaring labor costs, and complex service scenarios, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have met the basic requirements for practicality and jointly contributed to a "change" in logistics innovation —logistics UAVs. Logistics UAV is one of the typical representatives of the logistics industry's development towards automation and intelligence. After studying two representative logistics and transportation companies in the industry, it was found that the two companies have different positionings for the application scenarios of their respective logistics UAVs, but they have both developed Industry-leading products and technologies through long-term research and development. Although major companies have invested a lot in logistics UAVs in recent years, there are still four major technical problems to be overcome: path planning, automatic obstacle avoidance, battery life and safety. In addition to unavoidable technical problems, factors that hinder the large-scale deployment of logistics UAVs include imperfect commercial markets and imperfect regulatory systems. Although there is still a long way to go for logistics UAVs, logistics UAVs will surely become an indispensable infrastructure for the modern logistics industry in the future, helping the logistics industry to achieve leapfrog development.

Structural Design and Analysis of Battery Cell Winding Machine

This article aims to address the issues currently faced by domestic battery cell winding machines, including small size, low production efficiency, poor winding accuracy, and low product yield. To overcome these challenges, we have taken a step further by optimizing the key structure and automatic control system of a small semi-automatic battery cell winding machine. As a result, we have successfully developed a fully automatic battery cell winding equipment capable of producing large-sized battery cells.By constructing a comprehensive machine experimental platform and conducting thorough experimental verification of battery winding, we have achieved full automation of the battery cell winding process. This significant progress has led to improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and product yield. Consequently, our study offers a practical solution for the optimization design of battery cell winding machines.

Smart Home System With Battery Backup and Internet of Things

This research enhances Smart Home Systems by integrating an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for seamless power source switching between the grid and a backup battery, ensuring uninterrupted operation during power disruptions. An Automatic Battery Charging (ABC) system optimizes battery charging based on its condition, improving energy storage and efficiency. The system provides on-site electrical equipment control and sensor data access via a Human Machine Interface (HMI). Remote monitoring and control through the Blynk app offer convenience. Additionally, an energy consumption estimation feature allows users to estimate billing costs, with the Battery State of Charge (SoC) indicating the remaining battery capacity. Hardware testing showed the system's reliability with a 2-4 second ATS response and ±2-second ABC response. This research offers homeowners reliable power continuity and energy optimization. It contributes to IoT-based smart home systems, demonstrating ATS and ABC effectiveness, advancing both theory and practice for modern smart living.

Performance of single axis tracker technology and automatic battery monitoring in solar hybrid systems

Utilization of elevation angles and azimuth angles is a very important part in maximizing solar energy into electrical energy in photovoltaic (PV). One way to maximize PV power output is to design a single axis tracker system and take into account the azimuth and elevation angles of the sun using the sun position calculator application. The single axis tracker system is set based on the position of the angle of inclination of the surface of the PV 45°, then the angle of 90° and the angle of inclination of 135°. The test results show that the single axis tracker PV system design can work based on the angle settings that have been programmed. Then the use of a battery control system to support the PV reliability system automatically cuts off electricity when the battery voltage drops below 12 V during cloudy weather conditions and excessive battery usage. The integration of the PZEM-017 module with the battery will support monitoring of battery power usage in real time. PV energy data conversion performance uses single axis tracker technology for maximum power reaching 631.72 Watt DC at 12.00 pm and the lowest power reaching 56.02 Watt DC at 6.00 pm.

Quality Analysis of Welds Made with an Automatic Battery Pack Spot Welding Machine

This paper presents quality testing of battery pack welds for different welding time parameters of an automatic resistance spot welding machine. Several quality testing methods commonly used in studies of welded joints were described. Finally, the breakage test destructive method was chosen and used in this research. To investigate the influence of welder parameters on the quality of the welded joints, the programmable resistance spot welding machine was designed and constructed. As the studied samples, the 18650 cell type and the 8 mm × 0,15 mm cell packaging nickel plated steel tape were chosen as the most commonly used for the construction of battery packs for personal electric vehicles. The impact of each time constants set on the spot welding process was measured by the self-designed and constructed strength testing machine. After a series of tests with different parameters of spot welding process, the final conclusions were formulated.

Automated Drone Battery Management System—Droneport: Technical Overview

The popularity of using vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial systems continues to rise. Although the use of these devices seems to be almost limitless, the main drawback is still the battery capacity and the need to replace or recharge it several times per hour. This article provides a technical overview of the development of an experimental mechatronic system for automatic drone battery management called Droneport. It was developed as a system with a landing platform, automatic battery exchange and recharging outside the drone, allowing a quick return to the mission. The first part presents its mechanical design, installed instrumentation and software environment. The next part is devoted to the description of the individual hardware components, highlighting the specific problems that had to be solved to optimize size, weight and robustness requirements. The final section summarizes our observations regarding the contribution of this tool to the autonomy of drones or UAVs in general.

An Accurate Activate Screw Detection Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Battery Disassembly

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the number of end-of-life (EOF) electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) is also increasing day by day. Efficient dismantling and recycling of EVBs are essential to ensure environmental protection. There are many types of EVBs with complex structures, and the current automatic dismantling line is immature and lacks corresponding dismantling equipment. This makes it difficult for some small parts to be disassembled precisely. Screws are used extensively in batteries to fix or connect modules in EVBs. However, due to the small size of screws and differences in installation angles, screw detection is a very challenging task and a significant obstacle to automatic EVBs disassembly. This research proposes a systematic method to complete screw detection called “Active Screw Detection”. The experimental results show that with the YOLOX-s model, the improved YOLOX model achieves 95.92% and 92.14% accuracy for both mAP50 and mAP75 positioning after autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm attitude. Compared to the method without autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm, mAP50 and mAP75 improved by 62.81% and 57.67%, respectively. In addition, the improved YOLOX model improves mAP50 and mAP75 by 0.19% and 3.59%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOX model.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic UPS Battery Maintenance System

The Automatic UPS Battery Maintenance System is an innovative and technologically advanced solution developed to optimize the upkeep of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) battery cells. Utilizing precision sensors and real-time data analysis, the system intelligently assesses the electrolyte levels and triggers automated distilled water replenishment when necessary. By eliminating the need for manual water level checks and refilling, the system minimizes the risk of under filled batteries, which can lead to decreased battery lifespan and compromised performance. User-friendliness is a cornerstone of the system’s design. It features an intuitive interface that provides users with a comprehensive view of battery health, water levels, and system status. In the event of anomalies, the system promptly issues notifications and alerts, ensuring timely response and minimizing potential disruptions during power outages. Key advantages of the Automatic UPS Battery Maintenance System include prolonged battery lifespan through reduced plate corrosion and sulfation, consistent and uninterrupted power supply, reduced labor and time overhead, datadriven insights for informed decision-making, and environmentally responsible water usage.In conclusion, this project introduces an intelligent and efficient solution to enhance UPS battery maintenance practices. By automating the critical process of water level management, the Automatic UPS Battery Maintenance System contributes to the overall reliability and longevity of UPS batteries, making it a valuable asset for businesses and individuals reliant on continuous and dependable power supply.

Design and Fabrication of An Automatic Temperature Control Lithium-Ion Battery Charger

Design and Fabrication of An Automatic Temperature Control Lithium-Ion Battery Charger

A task-specific cognitive domain decline is correlated with plasma and neuroimaging markers in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive impairment is a disabling non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains uncertain whether declines in specific cognitive domains relate to imaging or plasma biomarkers across the disease continuum. We investigated whether neuroimaging and plasma biomarkers correlate with individual task-specific cognitive domain declines evidenced by computerized neuropsychological tests in PD patients. A total of 107 participants, including 87 PD patients (30 with normal cognition [PD-NC], 30 with mild cognitive impairment [PD-MCI], 27 with dementia [PDD]), and 20 healthy controls, were recruited. All received the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automatic Battery (CANTAB) test, brain MRI, and assays of plasma biomarkers, including α-synuclein, tau, Aβ42, and Aβ40. PD patients had generally poorer cognitive performance than controls. Patients with PD-MCI and PDD had worse performance in visual, verbal, and working memory and executive function than those with PD-NC. After adjusting for covariates, PDD patients had global cortical thinning, especially in the temporal and parietal lobes, and higher plasma α-synuclein levels and tau:Aβ42 ratios than PD-NC group. Plasma α-synuclein level was associated with frontal lobe-mediated tasks, while the tau:Aβ42 ratio was associated with posterior cortical-mediated tasks. Facial emotion recognition tasks and visual pattern recognition associated with frontotemporal cortical thinning. The accuracy of predicting PDD using age alone (area under the curve [AUC] 0.756) increased by incorporating plasma biomarkers (AUC = 0.851, p = 0.025). Cognitive decline in PD patients has a task-specific correlation with neuroimaging and plasma biomarkers, which may implicate the underlying neuropathological process of PDD.

Automatic Battery Charger

Automatic Battery Charger

SOLAR OPERATED FARM PROTECTION DEVICE

Crops in farms are many times ravaged by local animals like buffaloes, cows, goats, birds, and fire etc. This leads to huge losses for the farmers. It is estimated that 30-40 percent of crops are destroyed annually due to attacks by wild animals in India. Elephants, pigs, boars and deer are the most common perpetrators of the destruction. This is a Automatic Battery charging system Using Solar cell. This system uses a light sensor(LDR) to activate alarm System during night to return the wild animals approaching near the field . In such a case the sensor signals (Signal from LDR) activates the alarm system and Lighting system made To scare the animals. The alarm also gives alert to the farmer to about animals if he is near to field. Therefore, the designed system is affordable and useful to the farmers. The designed system won't be harmful to animals and person , and it protects the farm areas. further implementation can be carried out according to the requirement of farm , Device can adjust and modified. COMPONNATS : Solar Panel, Battery, BC 547 Transistor, Resistor ,Diode (1N400), Light Dependent Resistor(LDR), Horn Speaker, PIR Sensors, Arduino UNO, LED, Buzzer.